Declension of ordinal numbers. Declension of compound ordinal numbers Declension of compound ordinal numbers

How many? and Which? - these are the questions that the numeral answers. This part of speech has a case category, and errors are often made when writing it. This article describes the types of numerals, as well as the features of their declensions by case with examples.

An independent part of speech that denotes the quantity and number of objects, as well as their order when counting, is called a name numeral. It answers questions How many? And which?, a sentence can act as both a main and a secondary member. This part of speech has a case category. Very often, many of us make mistakes and use the wrong case form in words. On our website you can decline different types of numerals online at any time. To use the correct endings, you need to know the rules of all types and categories.

Cardinal numbers

• The simple form of these words is declined according to the type of nouns of the 3rd declension (ending -And has genitive, dative, prepositional case; ending -Yu– instrumental). For example: five - five - five.
• Word one declines depending on gender and number. The ending in the accusative case also depends on the animate/inanimate nature of the object. Example:

Case	Singular			Plural
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	To one cloud	One sled, one people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
P.	About one pencil, about one carp	About one lily	About one cloud	About the same sleds, about the same people

• Words two three four in the accusative case they have the nominative form in the meaning of an inanimate object. For animate objects, the genitive case form is applicable.
• Words that are complex in structure are inclined like this:

Case
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
P.	about twenty	about sixty	about ninety	about three hundred	about seven hundred

• In the compound form, each word is declined separately.

Fractional numbers

A feature of fractional forms is that the numerator of the fraction is declined as a quantitative digit, and the denominator as an ordinal digit. The change in case endings occurs in two parts. If the numerator ends in one, then the denominator is declined like feminine ordinal numbers ( one fifth - one fifth, thirty-one twenty-seventh - thirty-one twenty-seventh).

Collective numbers

Conjugation of this type occurs by analogy with plural adjectives. The ending of the accusative case depends on the animate/inanimate nature of the object (two horses - two horses, four heads).

Words both/both have special rules for declension.

Ordinals

This type has gender and number, which is necessarily taken into account when declension. In a compound form, only the last part changes. All other words in structure are conjugated as relative adjectives.

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In the Russian language, when declension of quantitative names of numerals, all words and all parts of compound words change, and when declension of ordinal names, only the last word changes: five hundred sixteen - five hundred sixteen - five hundred and sixteenth.

1. Numeral one agrees with nouns in all cases, like an adjective: one chair, one chair, alone chair, etc.

2. For numerals one, both, two, three, four the accusative case is similar to the nominative case if the noun denotes an inanimate object (n., see three tree), and with the genitive, if the noun denotes an animate object (n., I see three students).

I. both both two, two three four

R. both both two three four

D. both both two three four

V. as I. or R.

T. both both two three four

P. both both two three four

3. Numeral four in the instrumental case has b(four).

4. Declension of numerals from five before twenty And thirty

7. For numerals forty, ninety, one hundred the forms of the accusative and nominative cases are the same, and in all other cases the ending is used -A (fourty A, ninety A, st A).

8. Numerals from fifty before eighty and from two hundred before nine hundred both parts bow.

9. For compound cardinal numbers, all components are declined (fifty two, five And ten And dv wow, from five Yu ten yu dv skillfully etc.). Exception: fractional numbers such as two and a quarter, eight and a half, in which the last component does not change ( about eightAnd and a half, before eightYu and a half etc.).

For compound numerals that have at the end one, one, one, the noun is placed in them. p., units h.: one hundred and one students, one hundred and one students.

For compound numerals ending in two (two), three, four, nouns are used in the genitive singular case. h.: one hundred and four students.

If there are numerals at the end, starting with five, then nouns are placed in the plural genitive case. h.: thirty seven tractors.

10. Collective numbers in the form named after. p. use case endings of units. Part II and III declension ( twoe , fiveO – cf.: fox, father); in the forms of other cases, plural endings are used. h. ( twotheir , fives (cf.: foxes, fathers); twothem , fiveth (cf.: fox, father)).

This article will become a cheat sheet for those who want to learn how to inflect numerals by case.

When inflecting numerals into cases, many people make mistakes. Wrong endings can be seen all over the place. And if in oral speech this is not so obvious, then in written speech one can immediately see the errors. The difficulty of correct declension of this part of speech lies in the fact that there is no single rule. To correctly decline numerals, you should know several rules.

Important: Numerals are not declined according to a pattern or a single pattern. There are several types of declinations.

We will look in more detail using examples in sentences, as well as in general tables.

How to correctly decline cardinal numerals from 0 to 10 billion: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Quantitatives are one of the categories of numeral names, have a gender and answer the question “how many?”

Above we have already considered the general rules for declension of numerals. Now let's look at how to correctly decline cardinal numerals using the example of a table.

If you need, for example, to decline the number 300 or 900, you just need to look at the table to understand the principle.

Table 1

Let's look at examples with nouns:

1. Roman didn’t have enough one thousand two hundred rubles to buy a bicycle.
2. Masha wanted to manage the hundred rubles she had donated on her own.

How to correctly decline ordinal numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: The digit of ordinal numbers indicates the number of an object when counting. They answer the question “which”, “which”, “which”, “which”. For example: fifth ball, thirty-first mile.

table 2

Examples with nouns:

1. The second participant in the competition showed the best results.
2. Vanya is now ten years old.
3. The fourth friend was not at home.

How to correctly decline collective numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Collective numbers are a narrower category than cardinal numbers. Used with nouns, they serve to generalize several objects to one whole. For example, three friends, seven kids.

Table 3

Example sentences:

1. Five students took part in the annual Mathematics Olympiad.
2. Dinner for two at a restaurant will be the best gift on Valentine's Day.
3. Our cat brought six kittens.

How to correctly decline numeral compounds: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Numeral names are divided according to their composition into: simple, complex, compound. Compounds are made up of two or more words. For example: forty-two, three hundred twenty-five, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

When declining compound numerals by case, do not forget to change all words, see table. 4.

Table 4

Examples of sentences with compound numerals:

1. Victory in the Great Patriotic War occurred in nineteen forty-five.
2. Twenty-two houses underwent major renovations.
3. The meeting was held with two hundred and forty-three employees of the company.

Important: In colloquial speech, the declension of compound numerals is simplified. It is permissible to inflect only the first and last word or only the last.

How to correctly decline complex numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Examples of complex numerals: eighty, two hundred thousandth, four hundred. Complex numerals combine two roots in one word: five + hundred.

Examples of sentences with complex numbers:

1. More than two hundred children of different ages attend the kindergarten.
2. Sixty schoolchildren were given vouchers to the sanatorium.
3. More than three hundred applications were submitted to the competition.

How to correctly decline the numerals of ordinary fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Fractions consist of cardinal (numerator) and ordinal (denominator) numbers. For example, 1⁄2 is one half; 4⁄5 - four fifths.

To correctly decline a fractional number, you need to decline all its parts.

Table 5

Examples with nouns:

1. Add one third spoon of salt to the dough.
2. To two point three sixths add two point one eighth.

How to correctly decline the numerals of decimal fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Let us separately consider the declination of decimal fractions in Table 6.

Table 6

Examples with nouns:

1. One tenth of a kilometer has already been passed.
2. Work has already been completed on one hundredth of the site.

How to correctly decline numerals of mixed numbers by case: rules, examples

Important: If the fraction contains a whole zero, for example 0.5, then the word “whole” is not declined.

Table 7

Examples of sentences with fractional numbers:

1. Multiply four point five by three point seven.
2. Subtract one tenth from three point two hundredths.

Declension of the numeral one and a half, one and a half hundred by cases: features of declension

The peculiarity of the declension of these numerals is that for the nominative and accusative cases there is one form, for other cases - another. This can be seen in the table below.

Declension of the numeral one, one by case: features of declension

The numeral one is declined in exactly the same way as the pronoun "this".

Declension of the numeral two, two in cases: features of declension

Declension of the numeral both, both by case: features of declension

The words both, both are collective numerals. The table in the figure below shows how these words should be declined.

Now you know how to decline numerals. And if you forgot, you can read this article again.

Video: Rules for declension of numerals

The declension of numerals does not have a single pattern. In "Russian Grammar" of 1990 it is presented in two types: substantive and adjective. The first includes:

• 1) declension of numerals from five before ten and numerals on -tsat (eleven, twelve etc.), -ten (fifty, sixty etc.);
• 2) declension of numerals two hundred, three hundred, four hundred and all numerals on -sot;
• 3) declension of numerals fourty, ninety, one hundred and numerals one and a half (one and a half) And one and a half hundred.

The second type includes declension modeled on adjectives with two varieties:

• 1) declension of numerals two, three, four;
• 2) collective declension (including words both, both) and indefinite numbers.

Below are the main examples of declension of numerals with corresponding comments.

Declension of cardinal numbers

Numeralsone (one, one, alone)

Numeralstwo, two, three, four, 5 —20 ,30

Numerals type50—80 , 200—400 , 500—900

Numerals40 , 90 , 100 , 1 1 /2

Numerals eight And eighty in etc. retain a fluent vowel e: eight, eighty. The absence of a fluent vowel is characteristic of colloquial speech: eight, eighty.

In complex numerals such as sixty both components are inclined: sixty, sixty. Incorrect use in etc. forms sixty instead of sixty.

Complex numerals type six hundred in T.p. have a shape six hundred, form six hundred characteristic of colloquial speech.

The literary norm corresponds to combinations of a numeral with a noun like six hundred rubles, with six hundred rubles, and not six hundred rubles, with six hundred rubles; resist one and a half hundred tanks, be one and a half hundred meters away, and not confront one and a half hundred tanks, be one and a half hundred meters away.

Complex numerals with words one hundred in T.p. can be combined with nouns in the same case (with three hundred inhabitants), which corresponds to the literary norm, combination with nouns in R.p. (With three hundred inhabitants) is a colloquial variant.

When using cardinal numbers with a preposition By in the distributional meaning, forms of V.p. are possible. and etc.: six each — six thousand, ten each — ten notebooks. The modern norm corresponds to V.p., the traditional use corresponds to D.p. Indefinite words a lot of, some, How many, so many Variant usage is also allowed: lots and lots of exercises. But the forms of V.p. are of a colloquial nature here.

Declension of compound numerals

In compound cardinal numbers, each word is declined (table). Word thousand combined with words one has in T.p. no form thousand, but a thousand; For example: one thousand three hundred twenty two.

In oral speech, the declension of compound numerals is often simplified:

• a) only their initial and final components are declined ( dictionary with two thousand three hundred eighty-six illustrations);
• b) only their last component is declined ( dozens of employees worked in twenty-three offices).

This use does not correspond to literary norms.

Declension of fractional numbers

If the numerator contains the number 1, then the form zh.r. is used to designate it. one; the denominator is the ordinal number in I.p. w.r.: 1 / 2 — a half, 1/ 7 — one seventh.

If the numerator contains the number 2, then the form zh.r. is used to designate it. two: 2/ 5 — two fifths, 2/ 7 — two sevenths.

When declension of fractional numerals, both parts change (table).

Declension of indefinite words

Indefinite numbers A little, a lot of incline just like words few, many(table).

Declension of ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers, except third, are inflected in the same way as adjectives with a solid base (such as difficult). Numeral third leans towards the soft version (table).

Declension of collective numerals

Numerals2 (two) — 10 (ten)

Numeralsboth(m.r. and s.r.) and both(female)

In V.p. collective numerals for inanimate nouns have the form I.p., and for animate nouns - the form R.p.

When declension of a numeral both(m.r. and s.r.) stem ends in - O (about O-their), when declension of the numeral both(f.r.) - on -e (about e-their) (table).

· When declension of compound ordinal numbers only their last part changes. It is this part that has the form of an ordinal number, coinciding with the form of full adjectives: one thousand nine hundred forty-one-in one thousand nine hundred and forty-five;

· The remaining parts have the form of cardinal numbers, but do not change: two thousand three year-until two thousand and three.

Collective numbers.

Collective numbers ( two, three, four, five etc. ) are used only in the following cases:

1. with nouns denoting males (two friends, three brothers);

2. with nouns children, people, as well as with nouns denoting names baby animals(four children, seven kids, three hares);

3. with nouns having the form plural only and denoting names of paired or composite items(two sleighs, four gates, seven days);

4. with personal pronouns we you they : There are two of us; there are five of them;

5. with substantivized numerals and adjectives denoting persons: two or three guards came in.

· You can say two students And two students(both options are equal). But we need to talk two students (two students- wrong).

· Collective numbers express only numbers from two to ten. Therefore, when indicating a number of more than ten males or young animals, quantitative numerals should be used: twelve friends, forty-five cubs.

4. Numeral both, one and a half, one and a half hundred.

· Numeral both has two generic forms: both- masculine and neuter gender, both- feminine gender: in both states, in both countries.

one and a half (one and a half rubles, one and a half thousand). In addition, in indirect cases this numeral has the form one and a half(about one and a half thousand rubles).

· The numeral has a similar form in indirect cases one and a half hundred (about one and a half hundred rubles).

Fractional numbers.

· When declining fractional numbers all words change, with the numerator changing as the corresponding integer, and the denominator as a plural adjective: two (which?) thirds; three (what?) seventh.

The phrases “numeral plus noun” in the nominative and indirect cases.

· In the nominative case the numeral manages genitive case of a noun ( give fifty-five rubles).

· In indirect cases the main word becomes the noun, and the numeral agrees with him ( about fifty-five rubles).

· Numerals thousand, million, billion in all cases they retain control of the dependent noun in the genitive case: a million rubles, about a million rubles.

The number of nouns used with numerals.

· For numerals one two three four the singular form of nouns is used ( two days, four apples), with numerals from five and onwards the noun is put in the plural form ( five days).

· Numeral one and a half in the nominative and accusative cases it controls the noun in the singular, and in the remaining cases the noun is in the plural form ( an hour and a half-about an hour and a half).

· The same applies to the numeral one and a half hundred .

8. Designation of a quantity of more than ten for nouns that do not have a singular form.

· Combinations of compound numerals ending in two three four, with nouns that do not have a singular form ( 22 days-twenty two days), are unacceptable in literary speech. Only combinations of type twenty-one days, twenty-five days.

· If it is necessary to indicate the corresponding number, a noun that does not have a singular form must be replaced with a synonymous one that has both number forms ( twenty two days).

· With nouns scissors, forceps etc. you can use words like thing and etc. ( twenty three pieces of scissors).

Date designation.

In phrases denoting dates, the numeral should always control genitive case noun: The administration promises to eliminate wage arrears by December 15I (Not December); The letter is dated December twenty-thirdI 1943(Not December 23).

PRONOUN

Pronoun is an independent part of speech that indicates on objects, signs, quantity, but does not name them: I, myself, yours, so much and etc.

Pronouns answer the questions of nouns (who? what?), adjectives (which? whose?), numeral names (how many?): He laughsmy Brother,some pencils.

Morphological And syntactic The characteristics of pronouns also depend on what part of speech they replace in the text.