When growing indoor plants, every gardener sooner or later faces a whole army of pests. They can get on home flowers from the soil, from the street, or from new plants brought into the house.

To provide timely assistance to your pets, you need to know the enemies in person. So, let's get acquainted with the five most common pests of indoor plants.

Aphid

Aphids are small green or brown insects. The body of the pest has an ovoid shape, and its length, even in the largest individuals, does not exceed 2 mm. Aphids have long legs, but move very slowly.

Usually this insect settles on the stems and leaves of plants. Thanks to a special device of the oral apparatus, it pierces the tissues of the plant with it, and sucks the juice from the flower, which serves as its food. Lives in large colonies. Aphids are very prolific: one accidentally introduced female is enough, and after a very short time about fifty of these pests will swarm on the plant. Often affects houseplants in the spring.

Signs of infection

Aphids are dangerous because they greatly weaken the flower, reducing its resistance to disease. In addition, the pest itself is a carrier of many viral diseases.

Plants affected by aphids can be recognized by the following signs:

leaves turn yellow and curl;
buds do not develop at all, or ugly flowers form from them;
sticky coating can be found on the leaves, which becomes an excellent medium for the growth and reproduction of fungi.

Having noticed these signs on your home plant, first of all, you need to carefully examine it. Usually aphids are located on the back of the leaf, on the tops of young shoots, as well as on buds and pedicels.

Control measures

If the number of pests is small, you can simply collect and destroy the insects by hand, and then treat the plant with a warm solution of laundry soap.
In the case of a strong defeat of aphids, you will have to tinker.
First of all, it is necessary to isolate the diseased plant from the rest, since aphids spread very quickly.
Shoots on which there is a large accumulation of insects are easiest to cut and destroy.
The rest of the plant is cleaned of pests with a brush and washed with warm soapy water.
Then, the plant must be treated 3-4 times every 5 days using one of the following means:
- soap-ash solution;
- infusion of tobacco, dandelion, wormwood, tansy, garlic;
- feverfew: it can be dissolved in water (2 g per liter), or it can be dusted with powder;
- sprinkle the plant with dry ash, sulfur, tobacco;
- if all else fails, you will have to use industrial chemicals, for example: Karate, Fas, Inta-vir, Hostakvik, Iskra, Aktellik and others.

If you are going to apply chemicals, remember that aphids quickly adapt to them. Therefore, each specific drug can not be used more than 3-4 times in one season.

When fighting aphids, you can use folk advice: place pelargonium bushes next to infected plants. The pest cannot stand it and will disappear in a few days.

Nematode

A nematode is a tiny round worm, the size of which does not exceed 2 mm. They like to live in a humid environment, affecting all parts of the plant. Plant tissues are pierced with a stylet and a digestive enzyme is injected, which prevents the affected organ from functioning normally. As a result, the plant stops developing, its stem is deformed, and the buds dry out. They reproduce by laying eggs.

Kinds

Root

The root nematode is a filamentous worm whose characteristic feature is the formation of galls on the roots of plants for the purpose of reproduction. Males have a worm-like appearance, and their body length is about 2 mm, they are able to move quickly. Females are short and thick, grow up to 1 mm.

Having created a gall, they sit motionless in it, and lay eggs. Root nematodes are capable of infecting up to 2,000 different plant species.

The infection of a plant with a root nematode is indicated by the formation of round or irregularly shaped swellings on them, which can be seen by clearing the roots of the soil.

stem

From the soil, stem nematode worms penetrate through the root into the stem of the plant, causing thickening in the affected areas. A plant affected by a stem nematode has an ugly shape, and the affected shoots die off over time.

sheet

These are colorless, fast-moving worms, with a body length of up to 1 mm. Representatives of this species conduct their vital activity on the above-ground parts of plants, fully developing on one specimen until its complete death.

Signs of infection with a leaf nematode are the appearance of yellow spots on the leaves of the plant. Over time, the spots darken, and the leaf itself dries out.

Control measures

Having found signs of infection with a nematode on any house plant, it will be easiest to destroy it.

Mealy bug

It is a sucking insect covered with a white wax coating. It got its name because of the characteristic white discharge, similar to cotton wool. The size of the insect, depending on the variety, varies from 0.5 to 12 mm. The mealybug has well-developed sexual dimorphism.

Males have wings and well-developed limbs; tail processes are visible on the abdomen. Due to the fact that adult males do not feed, they do not have a mouth.

The females of most species lay eggs, but some species are viviparous. The eggs are laid in white wax cocoons. The fecundity of the mealybug is very high - some females are able to produce up to 4 generations per year.

Larvae of the first age are able to actively move around the plant, but after sucking, they lose their mobility. The ability to move is restored after molting.

The insects harm the plant by sucking out its juices. Because of this, the growth of the plant stops, and then its death occurs.

Signs of defeat

The presence of a mealybug is easily recognized by the presence of a waxy, cotton-like coating on the plant. Another sign may be special sugary secretions and a fungus that settles on them.

Control measures

With a mild form of damage, it is enough to clean the plant of insects and their wax secretions with a soft brush and soapy water. Then the flower is sprayed with an infusion of garlic, a solution of green soap or a decoction of cyclamen. The spraying procedure must be carried out 3 times every 7 days. A good effect can be obtained by treating the plant with alcohol tincture of calendula or ordinary alcohol.

If the damage is serious enough, then in addition to the mechanical effect on the pest, that is, manual collection, the plant will need to be sprayed with solutions of the following chemicals: Aktara, Fitoverm, Calypso, Confidor, Tanrek.

You can protect yourself from the mealybug if you regularly arrange water procedures for the plants. This pest hates moisture and prefers dry places.

It is a winged insect, usually not exceeding 3 mm in size. Its wings are covered with a white powdery coating. The larva of this pest has a yellowish color and red eyes. The transformation of a larva into an adult plant occurs in about 20 days. Whiteflies reproduce very quickly: the fecundity of females can reach up to 280 pieces.

Harm inflicted

Settles on the bottom of the sheet. Adult insects and their larvae suck the juice from the tissues of the flowers, thereby causing it to wither first, and then the complete death of the leaves. In addition, sticky secretions covering the surface of the leaves become a favorable environment for the development of all kinds of fungal diseases.

Control measures

The whitefly is a flying pest, which greatly complicates the situation. The following methods of dealing with it help well:

With a weak infection, insects and their larvae can be collected by hand. It is best to do this on a cool morning, while the pests are inhibited.
Adult insects can be caught by hanging sticky fly traps next to the flowers. Also, frightened insects can be easily collected with a vacuum cleaner.
Since whiteflies love warmth and dryness, after collecting insects with your hands, you can wash the leaves of the plant with warm soapy water.
The following method helps well: the plant must be packed in a transparent plastic bag, tied at the base of the pot. Only first you need to moisten the plant well from the spray bottle.
In case of severe damage, the plant is treated with insecticides: Fufanon, Decis, Aktellik, Intavir.

spider mite

Control measures

If the plant is not severely affected, you can limit yourself to a mechanical method of pest control: the accumulation of insects is removed manually, and then the plant is treated with a warm soapy solution or a decoction of cyclamen tubers.

In case of severe damage, you will have to use special preparations: Fufan, Aktellik, Neoron, Fitoverm, sulfur, Agravertin. The treatment must be repeated 3-4 times every 7-10 days.

Roses grow in my garden and aphids appear almost every spring. Always saved from her simple ashes. As soon as I notice aphids, I immediately carefully sprinkle all the leaves and the trunk with ash. I also sprinkle on the ground around the plant. For prevention, you can sprinkle neighboring bushes. And so I repeat for several days in a row, as the wind can blow away the ashes, or the rain can wash everything away.

And I couldn’t overcome the spider mite, I ruined several rose bushes. A week after she noticed the cobweb, she began to spray with a dusty solution, removed insects and the cobweb itself with her hands. The roses then began to move away, then then dried up again. As a result, reanimation did not work out. Am I taking treatment too late? Or did something wrong?

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl Mycelium infects the roots, penetrates into the root neck and stems. With this disease of garden flowers, the influx of nutrients stops, the plants turn yellow, turn brown and dry up the shoots with leaves, the roots rot. On sections with an abundance of moisture, a dense grayish-white mycelium appears.

Control measures. Culling of affected plants. To treat this flower disease, you need to water the soil with drugs: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B.

Phyllostictosis. The causative agent is a fungus Phyllosticta aquilegicola Brun.- causes the appearance on the leaves of large, irregularly shaped, blurry light brown spots without obvious bordering. By autumn, from above, small black dotted fruiting bodies form in the necrotic tissue.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying in spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Powdery mildew. The causative agent is the fungus Erysiphe communis Grev. f. aquilegiae West. A white mealy coating of sporulation develops on the upper side of young leaves. Over time, it turns brown, and dotted black fruiting bodies form in it. The leaves turn yellow and dry up.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with preparations: fast, pure flower, guardian, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Diseases and pests of the asparagus flower: photos and preparations for processing

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl.

Control measures. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In industrial cultivation, treatments are carried out with drugs: benomyl, benazol, benorad.

Gray rot. The causative agent is a fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. On the leaves and young shoots appear large brown merging spots without edging. In hot weather, the tissues of the spots crack and fall out, in the presence of moisture, the spots quickly increase, become covered with a smoky-gray bloom of sporulation, the leaves and stems rot.

Control measures.

Twelve-point asparagus ratchet Crioceris duodecimpunctata L.. A small beetle 5-6.5 mm long, with 6 black spots on reddish-yellow elytra. Antennae, legs, abdomen are black.

As you can see in the photo, the larvae of this flower pest are dark yellow, 6-7 mm long, with dark legs and a light head:

Adults hibernate under the leaves, in June they fly to asparagus and lay eggs. Beetle pests of flowers in the garden skeletonize, eat leaves and stems, larvae gnaw leaves and fruits, 2 generations develop.

Control measures. Removing leaves in autumn. And how can you water the flowers from these pests? Effective drugs: Fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

How to treat astilba flower diseases

Fusarium rot. Pathogen - fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl. - stored in the soil, in plant residues.

Control measures. Use of quality planting material,

Gray rot. The causative agent is a fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. With this disease, large brown merging spots without bordering appear on the leaves of flowers and young shoots. In hot weather, the tissues of the spots crack and fall out, in the presence of moisture, the spots quickly increase, become covered with a smoky-gray bloom of sporulation, the leaves and stems rot. The spread of the disease is facilitated by an abundance of precipitation, sharp fluctuations in daily temperatures, and dense plantings. The infection persists in plant debris.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, thinning of plants. Effective remedies for this disease of flowers are preparations: fast, pure flower, keeper, agro-doctor.

Phyllostic spotting. The causative agent is a fungus Phyllosticta vulgaris Desm.- causes the appearance of rounded large olive-colored spots on the leaves. Over time, the spots lighten, and a thin dark border becomes noticeable. Dark pycnidia form on the upper side. Affected leaves turn yellow and dry prematurely. The infection persists in plant debris.

Control measures.

Badan flower diseases: photo and treatment

Gray rot. Pathogen - mushroom Botrytis cinerea Pers.

Control measures. Collection of fallen leaves, thinning of plants, compliance with the requirements of agricultural cultivation, spraying with one of the preparations: fast, pure flower, keeper, agro-doctor.

Ramulariasis. The causative agent is a fungus Ramularia bergeniae Vasjag. - causes spots on both sides of the leaves and on the petioles. The spots are numerous, small, rounded, light brown with a sharply defined dark border, red-brown on the underside with a light center. On the petioles - red-brown, elongated, depressed. Over time, they merge into large necrosis and cause premature drying of the leaves.

Control measures.

Alternariosis. The causative agent is a fungus Alternaria tenuis Nees. - causes the appearance of reddish-crimson spots along the edges of old overwintered leaves without bordering. The spots grow, turn brown, dry up, a dense, dark brown coating of fungus sporulation develops on the underside, the spores of which infect neighboring leaves. The infection persists in leaves and plant debris.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, preventive spraying in spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

You can see how the treatment of these flower diseases is carried out in the photo below:

How to spray geranium flowers from diseases and pests

Powdery mildew of geranium. Pathogens - mushrooms Sphaerotheca macularis Magn. f. gerani Poteb. and Erysiphe communis Grev. f. geraniacearum Roum. The first fungus forms a dense white graying coating on leaves and petioles, in which brown fruiting bodies are formed. The second one has a white coating, cobwebbed, quickly disappearing, the fruiting bodies are dark brown. Affected leaves dry out.

Control measures. Spraying from spring with preparations: fast, rayok, keeper, pure flower, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Rust. The causative agent is a fungus Puccinia pelargoniizonalis Dge. In summer, numerous small rounded yellowish spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, which turn brown over time. Brown, darkening pustules form on the underside of the spots. Affected leaves dry up.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying from spring with a Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Pennitsa slobbering Philaenus spumarius L.. Large sucking insect up to 10 mm long, yellow-brown to black. Can fly and jump. The larvae of this pest of garden flowers are greenish-yellow with red eyes, feed on leaves and shoots in a saliva-like foam. The eggs hibernate in the tissues of the buds and young stems. In the spring, the larvae emerge and feed on tissue sap. Damaged leaves are deformed and dry out.

Control measures. Collection and destruction of larvae. And how can flowers be treated from these pests? Spraying with preparations is effective against penny: fufanon, spark, kinmiks, biotlin. Intya-Vip.

How to treat elecampane flower diseases

Powdery mildew. The causative agent is a fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. f. inulae Jacz. causes the spread on the leaves of a grayish-white cobweb, quickly disappearing sporulation plaque. Over time, dark brown, dotted fruiting bodies form in it. The leaves turn yellow and dry up.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with preparations from spring: soon, rayok, keeper, pure flower, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Rust. The causative agent is a fungus Puccinia inulaecaricis Tranz.- diversified. It constantly develops on sedge, and in summer it develops on elecampane, on the leaves of which numerous orange convex pustules form on the underside. Leaves turn brown and dry.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, preventive spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Ramulariasis. The causative agent is a fungus Ramularia inulae (Sacc.) v. Hoehn.- spots are grayish-brown or brown, numerous, of various shapes, sometimes merging. On the underside, a white or reddish coating of sporulation develops. Leaves dry up.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, preventive spraying in spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

How to deal with delphinium flower diseases

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl.- stored in the soil, in plant residues.

Control measures. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In the industrial cultivation of crops, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

Black bacterial spot. The causative agent is a bacterium Pseudomonas delphinii Stapp. - causes the appearance on the leaves of numerous rounded spots of black-brown color with a convex surface and concentric zoning. Over time, the spots merge, crack and fall out. The spots on the stems are depressed, brown, elongated. The affected stem turns brown, rots and breaks.

Control measures. Use of high-quality planting material, culling of diseased plants, spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Septoria delphinium. The causative agent is a fungus Septoria delphinella Sacc. - causes the appearance of rounded dark olive spots on the leaves. Over time, the center of the spots brightens, but a thin dark border remains. Affected leaves turn yellow and dry out.

Control measures. Use of high-quality planting material, culling of diseased plants, spraying in spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Protection of the iris flower from diseases

Fusarium rot. Pathogens - mushrooms Fusarium oxysporum Schl., F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.- remain in the soil, in plant residues. Mycelium infects the roots, penetrates through the vascular system into the root neck and stems. The influx of nutrients stops, in plants the shoots with leaves turn yellow, turn brown and dry, the roots rot.

Soft bacterial rot. The causative agent is a bacterium In spring, yellow-brown soft necrosis is observed on rhizomes and leaves. When growing, the leaves turn brown, rot from the base and fall to the ground like fans. With an abundance of precipitation, the rhizomes rot, the tissues soften, turning into a rotten mass with a pungent odor.

Control measures. Using healthy planting material, collecting plant debris, stripping rhizomes to healthy tissue and cauterization with a black solution of potassium permanganate.

Heterosporiasis. The causative agent is a fungus Heterosporium glacile Sacc. - causes the appearance on the leaves of numerous oblong spots of a grayish-brown color with a dark border. The leaves turn brown and dry, olive-black sporulation of the fungus develops on the surface of the spots.

Control measures. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

How to get rid of diseases and pests of the carnation flower

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. dianthi (Prill, et Del.) Bilai. The roots and stems turn brown and rot, the plant loses turgor, fades and turns yellow. The leaves acquire a reddish-brown hue, a grayish-pink sporulation of the fungus develops on sections of the stems and roots. The infection persists in plant debris.

Control measures. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil in spring with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In the industrial cultivation of crops, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

Gray rot. Pathogen - mushroom Botrytis cinerea Pers.

Ascochitosis. The causative agent is a fungus Ascochyta dianthi Berk.- causes the appearance on the leaves of numerous rounded grayish-brown spots, merging and drying out. Over time, dotted brown fruiting bodies of the overwintering stage of the fungus form on the surface. The infection persists in plant debris.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, preventive spraying from spring with a Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Alternariosis. The causative agent is a fungus Alternaria dianthi Stev. et Hall. On leaves and stems, rounded and elongated spots of brown or ashy color appear without bordering. Leaf blades curl and dry out, ulceration and deformation appear on the stems. A dense, olive-black coating of sporulation develops on the affected tissues.

Control measures. The same as against ascochitosis.

Rust. Pathogens - mushrooms Uromym caryophyllinus (Schrank) Wint. and Puccinia arenariae (Schum.) Wint. The first fungus causes the formation on both sides of the leaf of small, round, powdery brown uredopustules and round, merging powdery brown-black telitopustules. The second fungus forms mainly telitopustules on the underside. They are numerous, rounded, merging, dark brown, non-powdery. In this case, yellow-brown drying spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, surrounded by a chlorotic halo. The infection persists in plant debris.

Control measures. It is necessary to treat this flower disease in the same way as ascochitosis.

Orthosia stabilis Schiff. Brownish-red butterfly with a wingspan of 35 mm. The caterpillars of these flower leaf pests are green, with five yellowish longitudinal lines on the back and small yellow dots. The penultimate ring has a transverse yellow stripe. Pupae hibernate, butterflies fly in April, caterpillars feed from the end of May - in June, roughly gnawing the leaves of trees and shrubs.

Control measures. To combat these pests of flowers, spring spraying is carried out with preparations: kinmiks, fufanon, spark, Inta-Vir.

How to water a daylily flower from pests and diseases

Snow mold. Pathogens - mushrooms Fusarium oxysporum Schl., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) d. By., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria tenuis Nees., preserved in the soil on plant residues. In the spring, after the snow melts, the overwintered leaves are covered with a grayish-white dense coating of mycelium. Over time, the mycelium dries up, but the infection persists, and rot may appear in summer.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In industrial cultivation, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

Heterosporiasis. The causative agent is a fungus Heterosporium glacile Sacc.- causes the appearance on the leaves of oblong spots of a grayish-brown color with a dark border. The leaves dry up, olive-black sporulation of the fungus develops on the surface of the spots.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with copper-containing preparations.

Tobacco thrips Thrips tabaci Lind. Very small sucking yellow-brown insect, 1-5 mm long, wings fringed with long hairs. These insect pests of flowers hibernate in the soil, come to the surface in early April, thrips and larvae feed on the juice of leaf and petal tissues. Damaged tissues turn yellow, dry out, buds do not bloom. 3-4 generations develop.

Control measures. For the treatment of flowers from these pests, drugs are used: Fufanon, Spark, Fitoverm, Aktara, Biotlin, Inta-Vir.

The fight against diseases and pests of the lupine flower

Powdery mildew. The causative agent is the fungus Erysiphe communis Qrev. f-lupini Room. - causes the appearance on leaves, petioles, peduncles of a cobweb grayish-white coating of sporulation. Over time, dark dotted fruiting bodies form in it. The leaves dry up, the flower stalks are deformed.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with preparations from spring: soon, rayok, pure flower, keeper, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Septoria. The causative agent is the fungus Septoria lupini Kazn. - causes the appearance on the leaves of single rounded spots, up to 10 mm in diameter, at first dark brown, eventually pale yellow, surrounded by a bright dark brown border. Numerous punctate black fruiting bodies are formed in the necrotic tissue.

Control measures. Collection and burning of plant residues, spraying with copper-containing preparations.

Bed bug Lygus rugulipennis Popp. Sucking insect 5-5.5 mm long, greenish-gray, rusty-yellow. The base of the front wings of these flower leaf pests is leathery, the top is membranous, the hind wings are membranous. Adult bugs overwinter under plant debris; in spring, females lay their eggs on petioles and leaves. The larvae are similar to adult bugs, but smaller.

Control measures. Effective remedies for these pests of flowers are: fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

Insect pests and leaf diseases of the mallow flower

Gray rot. The causative agent is a fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. Large brown merging spots appear on leaves and shoots without bordering. The tissues of the spots crack and fall out, in the presence of moisture they become covered with a smoky-gray coating of sporulation.

Control measures. Collection of fallen leaves, compliance with the requirements of agricultural cultivation, spraying with one of the preparations: fast, pure flower, keeper, agro-doctor.

Rust. The causative agent is a fungus Puccinia malvacearum Mont. Teleitopustules form on the underside of the leaves and on the petioles. At first they are brownish-brown, later ash-gray, dense, rounded, breaking through the epidermis. Affected leaves dry out quickly.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

red bug Pyrrhocoris apterus L. Large sucking insect 9-11 mm long and brightly colored. The body, ventral rim are red, the head, antennae, legs, spots on the elytra are black. Bed bugs overwinter in the crevices of the bark of trunks and stumps. In the spring they come to the surface and form large clusters. Females lay eggs in May. The larvae feed until autumn on the leaves of trees and shrubs and herbaceous plants. In autumn they descend and hibernate.

Control measures. To protect flowers from these pests, spraying is carried out in the spring with one of the preparations: Fufanon, Kinmiks, Spark M, Inta-Vir.

How to deal with diseases and pests of the nivyanik flower

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum gchl.- stored in the soil, in plant residues. Mycelium infects the roots, penetrates through the vascular system into the root neck and stems. The influx of nutrients stops, in plants the shoots with leaves turn yellow, turn brown and dry, the roots rot. On sections of parts with an abundance of moisture, a dense grayish-white mycelium appears.

Soft bacterial rot. The causative agent is a bacterium Erwinia carotovora (Jones.) Holl. In plants, stems with leaves turn yellow and rot from the base. Affected tissues soften and acquire an unpleasant smell of rot. Mucous exudate appears in the humid chamber. The infection persists in plant debris and in infected plants.

Control measures. Removal of plant residues, rotten plants, spilling a red solution of potassium permanganate.

Septoria spotting. The causative agent is a fungus Septoria leucanthemi Sacc. et Speg. The spots on the leaves are depressed, rounded-angular, brown-ocher in color, which darken over time, crack and fall out, leaving a thin brown border.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitute.

Diseases and pests of the comfrey flower: photos and control measures

Gray rot. The causative agent is a fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. On the leaves and young shoots appear large brown merging spots without edging.

Look at the photo - with this disease of flowers in hot weather, the tissues of the spots crack and fall out:

In the presence of moisture, the spots increase rapidly, become covered with a smoky-gray bloom of sporulation, the leaves and stems rot. The spread of the disease is facilitated by an abundance of precipitation, sharp fluctuations in daily temperatures, and dense plantings.

Control measures. Compliance with the requirements of agricultural cultivation, collection of plant residues, thinning of plants, spraying with one of the preparations: fast, pure flower, keeper, agro-doctor.

Powdery mildew. The causative agent is a fungus Erysiphe communis Grev. f. Symphyti Jacz.- causes the appearance of a grayish-white cobwebbed sporulation on the leaves, in which dotted fruiting bodies of a dark brown color are formed over time. Affected leaves turn yellow and dry out.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying at the first symptoms with preparations: fast, rayok, pure flower, keeper, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Click beetles. These are small, medium or large insects from 1 to 60 millimeters long, with an elongated and more or less flattened body.

Control measures. Drainage of low areas, liming of acidic soils, removal of weeds, application of preparations based on diazinon in the spring: barguzin, protox, medvetoks, zemlyan. And what can be sprayed flowers from these pests? Drugs used against beetles: Fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

How to treat peony flower diseases

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl. - stored in the soil, in plant residues.

Control measures. The use of high-quality planting material, compliance with all requirements of agricultural cultivation. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In the industrial cultivation of crops, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

White rot. The causative agent is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) d. By. - causes rot of roots, rhizomes and bulbs of plants. Roots turn brown and rot. A dense cotton-like white mycelium develops on the affected tissues, in which dense, irregularly shaped black sclerotia are formed, the inner part of which is light. With an abundance of precipitation, the base of the stems often turns brown and rots, watery brown spots appear on the leaves, the buds do not open and dry out.

Control measures. Same as against Fusarium rot.

Rust. The causative agent is a fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint.- diversified. Its main development takes place on Scotch pine, and in spring spores from it infect peonies. Numerous small brown spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, and orange, gradually turning brown pustules form on the underside of the spots. Affected leaves curl and dry up.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

How to get rid of diseases and pests of the hosta flower

Phyllostictosis. The causative agent is a fungus Phyllosticta aspidistrae Oud. - causes the appearance of rounded-angular spots of light brown color with a darker border. In the necrotic tissue, small brown fruiting bodies of the hibernating stage are formed, the spots dry up, crack and fall out.

Control measures.

Anthracnose. The causative agent is a fungus Colletotrichum omnivorum Halst. Brown merging spots of irregular shape appear on the leaves in the upper part according to the type of marginal necrosis. The leaves gradually dry up and numerous dark sporulation pads form on the surface of the spots.

Control measures. Same as against phyllostictosis.

Garden or grape snail -Helix pomatia. A gastropod mollusk with a spirally twisted shell, up to 5 cm in diameter. There are two pairs of tentacles on the head, the wide lower part represents a leg, with the help of which the snails move and leave a characteristic slimy trace. Develops two generations a year. The females lay their eggs in the soil near the plants. They live in moist shaded places, in thickened plantings, feed on leaves, green shoots, and fruits. Damages all plants.

Control measures. To deal with these flower pests as effectively as possible, you need to collect and destroy single individuals, remove weeds, thin out dense plantings, and drain low areas.

Treatment of chrysanthemum flower diseases

Fusarium rot. The causative agent is a fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schl.- stored in the soil, in plant residues.

Control measures. Use of healthy planting material. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In the industrial cultivation of crops, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

Bacterial spotting. The causative agent is a bacterium Pseudomonas syringae van Hall. Yellowish translucent spots appear along the edges of the leaves, which gradually turn black and dry. Affected leaves curl and fall off. With high humidity, exudate appears on the tissues, consisting of a huge number of bacteria, odorless.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, culling of heavily affected plants, preventive spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Mottled veins of chrysanthemum leaves. The causative agent is Chrysanthemum vein mottle virus. - causes on young leaves a slight chlorosis of the veins and the appearance of numerous small yellowish spots between the veins. The spots shine through, dry out, the fabric falls out, and small holes form. The virus is transmitted by aphids.

Control measures. Removal of individual stems with symptoms, culling of heavily affected plants, spraying against aphids and other pests with drugs: Fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

Phlox protection from diseases and pests

Verticillium wilt. The causative agent is a fungus Verticillium albo-atrum R. et B. - a soil pathogen that causes wilting and death of plants during the growing season. Stems with leaves and buds suddenly turn yellow, turn brown and dry. The fungus from the roots penetrates into the vascular system and fills it with its biological mass, because of this, the flow of nutrients stops. On sections of the affected parts, a weak, barely noticeable grayish coating of mycelium with spores develops.

Control measures. The use of high-quality healthy planting material, compliance with all the requirements of agricultural technology for growing this crop. Culling of affected plants, spilling the soil with preparations: phytosporin, hamair, alirin-B. In the industrial cultivation of crops, treatments are carried out with analogues of fundazole (benomyl, benazol, benorad).

Powdery mildew. The causative agent is the mushroom Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. f. Phlogis Jacz.- causes the formation of a dense grayish-white coating on the leaves and shoots, which completely covers the bushes. Over time, the plaque darkens, dotted black fruiting bodies of the wintering stage form in it, the leaves turn brown and dry.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, spraying at the first symptoms with one of the preparations: fast, rayok, pure flower, keeper, topaz, thiovit Jet.

Septoria spotting. The causative agent is a fungus Septoria phlogis Sacc. and Speg. - causes the appearance on the leaves of numerous small spots with a diameter of 1-3 mm, brown, later turning white and merging into large necrosis. On the upper side, dotted black pycnidia form over time. Other pathogens are also common: Septoria phlogina Bond., S. divaricatae Ell. et Ev., S. drummondii Ell. et Ev. The spots are small, olive green or pale ocher, but always white and surrounded by a border of different colors.

Control measures. Collection of plant residues, preventive spraying with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes.

Pennitsa is drooling. Large sucking insect up to 10 mm long, yellow-brown to black. Can fly and jump.

Control measures. To get rid of these flower pests as quickly as possible, you need to collect and destroy the larvae, spray the plants with preparations: fufanon, spark, kinmiks, biotlin, Inta-Vir.

Cabbage owl. The caterpillars of these flower leaf pests are green, with five yellowish longitudinal lines on the back and small yellow dots.

Control measures. Preventive and eradicating spraying in spring and summer with preparations for pests of flowers: fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

fawn leaf beetle Labidostomis lucida Germ. Beetle 5-9 mm long with an elongated body. The pronotum is blue or green, with sparse small dots, shining; the elytra are yellow with a black spot on the shoulders. It feeds in April-May on all shrubs and herbaceous plants, where it eats leaves.

Control measures. Collection and destruction of individual beetles. Preventive spraying of plants against a complex of pests also reduces the number of leaf beetles. Use one of the drugs: Fufanon, spark, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

From living and dried plants.

Plants lovingly grown in the garden, as well as collected in the field or in the forest, can be used to make a variety of floral arrangements.

To make floral compositions that will delight for a long time, freshly cut plants must be subjected to special processing.
It could be:
- (natural, planar, volumetric);
- impact on plants in different ways (steam, boiling water, paraffin or glycerin);
- discoloration of plants;
- coloring of plant material;
- crystallization of plants;
- ;
- twisting and bending branches.

For most harvested plants destined for further processing, moisture protection is a basic requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to collect plant material in dry sunny weather.
True, there are rare exceptions here, which are dictated by the characteristics of certain plant species.
For example, it retains its color better if the plant is placed in water for a couple of days before drying.
And the bedstraw, dried right in a vase with water, completely retains its decorative effect.

When dried in a vase without water, they look beautiful. But, for example, in gomphrena, and at the same time, the stem becomes broken.

Treatment of plants with steam and boiling water

Steam treatment can give the necessary bend to the stems of dry plants, straighten the petals, restore splendor and volume to the inflorescences (solidago, etc.).

Processing the collected material with boiling water allows you to save some plant species for a long time.

For example, in order to keep fluffy, the flower stalks of plants are cut off when their parachutes have already formed, but the white ball has not yet opened.
A thin wire is inserted into the cut hollow dandelion stem, slightly piercing the base of the basket. A hook is made at the other end of the wire. Then the flower head is lowered into boiling water (for 10-15 seconds), while the achenes are firmly "welded" to the receptacle.
After that, dandelions are hung by a hook on a rope, after bending the stems of plants in accordance with the plan. Once dry, the dandelion balls will open!
And if you first add aniline dye to boiling water, then the fluffy balls of dried dandelions will become colored!

Treatment of plants with paraffin

Melted paraffin treatment is also very effective for plant preservation.
For example, large goatbeard balloons can be preserved by injecting molten paraffin into the basket with a syringe without a needle, directly through the hollow stem of the plant.

For ease of storage, paraffin-treated inflorescences are left with short stems. And before putting into the composition, the stems are lengthened with dried peduncles of other plants (for example, garlic shoots, reed stalks, shrub branches) or simply wire.

plant discoloration

Discoloration of plants is used to obtain a white decorative material.
This process can be divided into two stages: bleaching and bleaching itself.

For bleaching, plants are placed in a warm solution of bleach (0.8%) with soda (0.4%). The container is covered and kept at room temperature for 4-6 days. The solution is drained when the plants immersed in it turn bluish-white.
Then the plants are poured with a 1% solution of bleach without soda, in which they are finally bleached.
The bleached plants are dried.

Plant coloring

Coloring plants is a widespread technique among florists.
Since winter compositions often lack color, the plant material is dyed.

For painting plants, you can use colored aerosol cans with a spray device, a vacuum cleaner or an airbrush (a special device for applying paint in a thin layer).
In this way, both dry and living plant material is dyed.
Plants can be painted with a brush, using gouache or water-based paint of the desired tone.

For example, painted leaves look spectacular in compositions and wreaths.
Very beautiful boxes and linen, painted with gold, bronze or silver paint.

Dry flowers can be immersed in a solution of acetone (at the rate of 3 g per 1 liter of water) and kept to the desired degree of color.

Live white carnations and, put in a solution of ink, acquire the corresponding color. The color intensity of the flowers depends on the concentration of the ink solution.

plant crystallization

Crystallization of plants can be carried out in several ways.

To obtain crystalline plants, they can be kept in a supersaturated hot solution of common salt until they cool until a layer of small crystals covers their surface. And if the salt solution is tinted with aniline dye, then the plant will be colored.

A brighter color is achieved by dousing a dry material with a boiling solution of alum (at the rate of 500 g per 1 liter of water). Or they immerse the plants in a hot solution of alum, holding until cooling and the formation of large beautiful crystals.

To obtain blue crystals on plants, a supersaturated solution of copper sulphate at room temperature is used.

Preservation of plants in glycerin

Keeps plants well.
Preservation of plants in glycerin allows you to get elastic and resilient, dark green, maroon or brown leaves with an oily sheen.
Plants treated with glycerin are preserved without noticeable tarnishing for a long time (2-3 years).

Preparation of a glycerin solution for plant treatment is not difficult. Take one part of glycerin, mix it with 2-3 parts of hot (60-70 degrees) water. Leaves, stems or branches of plants with leaves are immersed in the prepared solution.
Plants are kept in a solution of glycerol for 2-3 weeks, then dried.

Plants with leathery leaves are well preserved in glycerin:

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Unfortunately, no plant is immune from pests and diseases. That is why it is necessary to examine our pets more often and respond in time to even the slightest changes, process them in time. Only with careful attention will the plants feel great and delight you with growth and flowering.

Where do insects and fungal spores come from? This is a frequently asked question, the answer to it is very simple: they penetrate with air currents during ventilation, they are brought in with bouquets of flowers, they are transferred on your clothes or on a new plant.

I want to acquaint you with common pests and diseases.

PESTS.

Spider mite. It affects the leaf plates of the plant of the lower part, but with a strong lesion it can also be on the upper part of the leaf. Forms a small cobweb, similar to a dusty coating. The insect itself is very small, like a small moving dot. With severe damage, the plant may die. The spider mite is a piercing-sucking insect, it pierces the tissues of the leaf plate and sucks out the cell sap. Therefore, when affected by these insects, you can observe discoloration of the leaf plates, a white small speck forms at the puncture site.

Aphid. Usually affects young shoots, where soft tender tissues. Translucent oval insect (2-2.5 mm) green, beige, black or gray. Very voracious, sucks out more juice than it can process, throws the excess back onto the leaf. Therefore, when aphids are affected, you see sticky formations on the shoots, sooty fungus can settle on these sticky formations. When a plant is affected by aphids, the young shoot is deformed, the leaf plates become smaller and also deformed, covered with white spots as a result of sucking out the cell sap of aphids.

Coccides. Coccidial insects include scale insects, false scale insects, polsters, mealybugs, and whiteflies.

Shield, false shield and pillowcase are motionless convex formations of oval or round shape, of different sizes, located on leaf plates, branches, trunk.

Mealybug - white cottony formations appear on the plant, can be compared with poplar fluff. The female is oval, opaque, white-pink, lazily and slowly moving. The male is a flying individual. A piercing-sucking insect that feeds on plant cell sap.

The whitefly is a snow-white, moth-like flying insect, 2 mm long. It lays eggs on the underside of the leaf, from which the larvae emerge. The sucking insect feeds on the cell sap of plants.

Thrips. Depending on the species, they are yellow, brown, brown. The length of an adult insect is 1-2 mm. It looks like small thin sticks, flies up when touched. When affected by thrips, silvery stripes appear on the leaf plates.

COMMON SOIL INSECTS

Mushroom mosquito. M scarlet midges flying around the plant. The midges themselves do not harm the plant, but lay their larvae in the soil. The larvae feed on young root hairs and burrow through the stems. The larvae reach a size of up to 1 mm, look like small translucent worms with a small black head.

Nailtail (forktail, podura). Damage gatherings and underground parts of the plant. Sizes up to 0.5 mm, white jumping insect.

Mushroom mosquito and springtail start up where the soil is constantly moist, i.e. the plant is often watered, or the soil dries out for a long time for some reason (cool room, freshly transplanted plant, dark location).

PLANT DISEASES

Spotting, necrosis- changes or death of parts of plant tissues.

Anthracoses are formed on the succulent tissues of the plant, often weeping, depressed with jagged edges.

Rotten- destruction and softening of plant tissues under the influence of special enzymes that secrete pathogens. Rots are divided into dry, hard and wet.

"Black leg", late blight, fusarium- these are vascular diseases, when the internal vessels are damaged, moisture and nutrition do not enter the upper part, the plant wilts.

powdery mildew- leaf plates are covered with an even white coating, similar to flour. In the future, the leaf becomes dark, acquires a brown color.

Downy mildew. Symptoms of damage are the same as those of powdery mildew, but the lower part of the leaf blades is affected.

Rust. When affected, rusty-brown spots appear. The disease develops in conditions of high humidity.

Gray rot. Parts of the plant are covered with a gray fluffy coating, very thick. The affected part turns black, rots and dies.

Root rot. The root system loses elasticity, becomes soft, acquires a dark brown or black color. The defeat occurs most often from frequent watering or hypothermia of the root system (watering with cold water, low air temperature on the windowsill, a sharp temperature drop).

Now that you have become familiar with the main pests and diseases of plants, you need information on how to deal with it all. There are biological and chemical plant protection products. All biological means of protection of contact action, i.e. act directly upon contact with an insect or fungal spore. But there are insects on which contact preparations do not work - these are coccids (scale insects, false scale insects, pillowworms, mealybugs and whiteflies). A group of these insects is covered with a powerful protective shell that protects them from the slightest influence of the external environment. In this situation, it is necessary to use chemical means of protection, and the drugs must be of contact-systemic or systemic action. The systemic drug penetrates into the cell sap and spreads throughout the plant with sap flow. Feeding on this juice, the insect or fungal spore dies.

A little about the classification of drugs.

Fungicidal preparations- are used to treat fungal diseases.

Insecticide preparations- used to treat insects, but not spider mites. Insecticides do not work on ticks.

Acaricidal preparations- used only for treatment from spider mites (do not act on other pests).

Exist insect-acaricidal drugs that are used to treat ticks and other insects.

I want to acquaint you with the basic rules for processing indoor plants.

TREATMENT OF THE UPPER PART OF THE PLANT FROM PESTS AND SPIDER MITES.

It is advisable to remove insects from the plant with a cotton swab dipped in vodka before the very first treatment.

Then take three different insecticidal (from insects) or acaricidal (from spider mites) - depending on who the plant is affected by. Carry out three spray treatments with an interval of 7-10 days. The first time - treatment with a solution of one drug, the second time - after 7-10 days - treatment with a solution of the second drug, the third time - after 7-10 days - treatment with a solution of the third drug. The order of drugs does not matter. After each treatment, if possible, the plant is wrapped for 2 hours (no more) in a plastic bag - in this situation, the drug is not dispelled by air currents, but remains directly near the area of the affected plant. You should be aware that aqueous solutions of drugs are prepared immediately before processing. Spraying with chemicals and wrapping in a plastic bag is not done in direct sunlight - the plant can get chemical burns.

TREATMENT OF THE TOP PART OF THE PLANT FROM FUNGAL DISEASES.

It is necessary to take three different fungicidal preparations. Three spray treatments are carried out with an interval of 4-5 days. The first time - treatment with a solution of one drug, the second time - after 4-5 days - treatment with a solution of the second drug, the third time - after 4-5 days - treatment with a solution of the third drug.

SOIL TREATMENT FROM INSECTS.

Take two different insecticidal preparations. 2 treatments are performed, alternate treatments with ordinary watering. Scheme: watering with a solution of the first preparation > drying of the soil > ordinary watering > drying of the soil > watering with a solution of the second preparation.

SOIL TREATMENT FROM FUNGAL DISEASES.

Take two different fungicidal preparations and treat the soil according to the insect treatment scheme.

I introduced you to common insects and plant diseases, to the treatments of the upper part of the plant and the soil. I hope that my article will help you find out what the plant is affected with and treat it with appropriate preparations in time.

Good luck growing your plants!

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8.10.2014 | 8541

The whole difficulty of protecting indoor plants from pests lies in the fact that it is not recommended to use chemicals in the apartment. How can you get rid of pests without the use of special preparations?

Bathing and washing with soapy water

When pests appear, the plants are treated with a soapy solution. Green or ordinary laundry soap (without bleaching and other fillers) weighing 200-250 g is dissolved in 5 liters of warm water. Get a milky solution. They cover the soil with a film from the ingress of soapy water into the flowerpot and bathe. After that, the plants are sprayed with a medicinal decoction and covered with a film cap. After 2-3 hours, the cap is removed, the plant must be washed with clean water and the film is removed from the soil. Small plants, carefully covering the soil with a film and supporting an earthen lump with your hands, can simply be dipped in a bucket of soapy water.

Plants with smooth leathery leaves are wiped with a damp cloth and additionally bathed in a warm prepared solution ( oleander, ficus, palm, monstera, chinese rose and others). Plants with leaves covered with hairs must not be washed, they can only be sprayed with clean water. During the flowering period, spraying is stopped, as the plant may begin to drop flowers and inflorescences. Bathing is usually carried out every 2-3 weeks, and in between is sprayed with clean water from a spray bottle.

Decoctions for pest control

tobacco decoction. To process treelike plants with a woody trunk and branches, take one dessert spoon of shag per 0.25 liters of water and boil for 10-15 minutes in a tightly sealed container. For herbaceous plants, the dose of shag is reduced to 0.5 dessert spoon. For better adhesion, 4 g of laundry soap is added to 1 liter of broth.

Concentrate of autumn walnut leaves. To prepare such a decoction, a 2-3-liter container is 3/4 filled with walnut leaves and poured with boiling water. The mother liquor insist 2-3 months. After that, 4 g of soap are dissolved in 500 ml of water for better adhesion and 1-2 tablespoons of the stock solution of walnut leaves are added, and then water is added to 1 liter. The mixture is shaken and the plants are sprayed with it.

Kerosene-soap emulsion. To 500 ml of hot water add 50 g of soap and 150 ml of kerosene. The mixture is shaken until a white creamy emulsion is obtained, which is diluted in 5 liters of water at room temperature. Treated plants are always covered with a film or paper cap for 2-3 hours, and after removing it, they must be washed with clean water.

Fumigation

Plants with tender leaves should be fumigated. To do this, they are covered with a paper cap or a large glass container. Raising one side of the "lid", cigarette smoke is launched inside to a concentration of thick fog. After 1-2 hours, the coating is removed and the procedure is repeated again after about an hour. You can do it differently: move the plants to a small room without gaps, burn tobacco dust in an iron pan until fog forms, close the doors tightly and leave until morning. In the morning, the plants should be taken out to fresh air.

Be careful, pelargoniums, balsams, ferns and hesperias do not tolerate nicotine. They cannot be fumigated.

Soil replacement

When soil pests appear, the soil is usually changed for the plant. Thoroughly clean the root system from the old earth. For the purpose of prevention, the substrate is watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, a bait is laid out on the surface of the soil under the plant for the night (halfs of potatoes, carrots, a head of lettuce). In the morning, the bait is removed and destroyed.

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