Visible light is an essential life resource for. Light - the role of light in human life, plants and animals

E.V. Balatsky THE THEORY OF LIFE RESOURCES: MODELS AND EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES

Within the framework of economic science, there are many microeconomic models that describe the behavior of an individual. They mainly feature two human resources: money and time. Sometimes, in a purely abstract form, another resource appears - human capital. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the whole life of a person is the manipulation of the basic resources that he has at his disposal. What is the set of these resources that determine the place of the individual in society; what is the quantitative assessment of the degree of endowment with them, as well as their relative importance? Consider these interrelated problems facing economists and sociologists today.

The behavioral model of an individual, in accordance with our hypothesis, is determined by its objective function. We are talking about a certain integral indicator of the achievement of the goals set by him. It is the movement towards the goal that makes a person's life meaningful, and it is the degree of achievement of goals that determines the level of his satisfaction with life. This criterion appears in our model as a kind of utility function, widely used in microeconomic models.

The role of functional constraints that form the space of possible actions is performed by two " production functions describing the dependence of the goals of the subject and his real achievements on the volume of his life resources and state external environment. The set of life resources of the proposed model of individual behavior (IPI) is very limited, it includes money (income); energy (life force); time (daily fund of time, which includes sleep, working time and leisure); knowledge (information). These resources are qualitatively heterogeneous and not reducible to each other, but at the same time they can partially replace each other. All people possess them, the difference is only in the degree of endowment and in their subjective significance.

Resource constraints, which suggest that the availability of each of the four vital resources for a person is not unlimited, but has strictly defined quantitative limits, represent additional limitations of the model.

In a formalized form, the MPI can be described as follows:

BALATSKY Yevgeny Vsevolodovich - Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department of the Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in the Scientific and Technical Sphere (RIEPP).

Φ o,.,^,2,., 1 = 1, m

u[AST = y(x, y, z, gi, 0,), 1 = 1, m

where I - goal index (goods, needs); m - the number of goals (goods, needs); y, - parameter fixing the importance of the 1st goal (goods, needs); C™0 - the planned level of achievement of the 1st goal (benefits, needs); C™1 - the actual level of achievement of the 1st goal (goods, needs); x, y, 7, and q, - the amount of money (x,), energy (y,), time (7,) and knowledge (d,) that are necessary for the implementation of the i-th goal; x0, y0, 70 and q0 - the total amount of money, energy, time and knowledge that the subject has; φ - the quality of institutions necessary for the implementation of the i-th goal, and the influence of the external environment;<р и \р - производственные функции, связывающие жизненные ресурсы с получаемыми с их помощью жизненными благами.

Criterion (1) defines the objective function, relations (2) and (3) - functional restrictions, inequalities (4)-(7) - resource restrictions. In principle, the default objective function of the constructed model assumes that the coefficient of achievement of the set goals in the limit reaches unity. Criterion (1) can be rewritten in an equivalent, more general form:

In accordance with the MPI, four life resources are spent by a person in order to carry out the process of goal-setting with the subsequent achievement of the set goals. They, in our opinion, can be the fundamental values ​​of human life: personal and family security; material well-being; family well-being; creative self-realization; fruitful leisure activities; decent social status; availability of effective informal social contacts; good health, etc. . All these factors are subject to

quantification (see, for example). Of course, for each person, the set of values ​​and their relative importance are different.

The four vital resources included in the MPI deserve special comment. Time is a fixed and fundamentally non-renewable resource. Each person has 24 hours a day, and lost time cannot be restored. Life energy is a partially renewable resource. For different people, its amount is different, sometimes the wasted energy can be restored and even increased, sometimes not. Money is a renewable resource. Each person is endowed with financial resources to varying degrees, and spending money, as a rule, is compensated by subsequent earnings. Knowledge is a renewable resource. Like money, information can be accumulated and spent. Money is a classic capital that can grow and decrease. Knowledge is a part of human capital, which is also able to grow and collapse.

The considered vital resources are closely connected with the fundamental attributes of the world. So, time and energy, which play a fundamental role in almost all sciences, are taken into account by us explicitly, information is taken into account through the knowledge variable, space - through the income variable.

Skillful manipulation of these resources allows you to set goals and achieve them with varying efficiency. Of course, the more each resource, the greater the chance that a person will individually correctly formulate his life tasks and successfully solve them. Of course, there is a feedback between the achievements of a person and his life resources.

The results of human activity determine the subsequent dynamics of his life resources, which can be formalized in the most general form as follows:

<&„ / А = Ф(х0 (О, П(0, Щ (0, г = 1, т)

<1у0 / = Щу0(!),СН!),иГ (0, i = 1 ,т)

<к0 / Л = 3(г0 (0,0(0, и.А (О, I = 1, т)

dg0 / A \u003d H "(8oC), SC!), and? LST (O, I \u003d 1m)

where 1 - time; Ф, 0, Е and ^ are production functions that connect the dynamics of vital resources with the vital goods received with their help in the previous period.

If we consider the total daily fund of a person's time as a time variable (u0), then equation (11) is eliminated, since this value is a constant.

Relations (9)-(12) serve as a mechanism for communication between static MPI (1)-(7) in different periods. Thus, a description of the entire trajectory of human life is achieved.

Let's discuss the next point. The fact is that vital resources determine the very mechanism of goal-setting (dependence (2)). If the set goals are achieved, and the person approaches complete life satisfaction (absolute happiness), then, in accordance with the MPI, the mechanism for setting new goals will most likely turn on, and the process of choosing a life strategy will continue. Thus, a "break" in the decision-making trajectory of the MPI is not expected.

The constructed model is presented in the most abstract form. However, even this is enough to draw some conclusions about human behavior. For example, criterion (1) contains a lot of life's blessings, the number of which is different for everyone. It is easy to see that a decrease in target settings (m), ceteris paribus, leads to an increase in overall life satisfaction (0), i.e.<ЗШт < 0. Это вполне естественно, так как все жизненные ресурсы человека оказываются направлеными на достижение меньшего числа целей, что и позволяет реализовать их в более полной мере. Именно данным эффектом объясняется, на наш вгзляд, весьма распространенный факт, когда примитивные люди с ограниченным кругом намерений достигают большей удовлетворенности жизнью, нежели высокоразвитые личности с разнообразными целевыми установками.

Life Resource Orientation: An Empirical Analysis

First of all, let's classify four resource aggregates (time, energy, money and knowledge) in two directions: degrees of objectivity ("cosmological" and "social") and degrees of coarseness ("material" and "non-material") (Table 1).

Now let's turn to the method of assessing the degree of endowment with vital resources of various subjects. To do this, we use the model of sociological surveys, which involves a qualitative identification of the volume of vital resources. The structure of the question addressed to the respondents and possible answers are shown in Table 2, the data of which are based on sociological surveys conducted by VCIOM on June 24-25, 2006 in 46 regions of Russia; sample size - 1.5 thousand people.

Along with assessing the level of endowment of individuals with vital resources, it is necessary to set a scale for their importance. To do this, we used the construction of the question and the options for possible answers given in Table 3. The content of Table 3 is similar to Table 2 and is based on the specified VTsIOM array.

We aggregate the information obtained using the resource endowment index (I) and the resource importance index (i), which have the following form:

Table 1.

Classification of vital resources according to the degree of objectivity and materiality

"Material" factors "Intangible" factors

"Cosmological" factors Energy Time

"Social" factors Money Knowledge

/ = scD + a2/)2 + a3 £>3 + a4A, + a5 £)5

J = а1С1 + а2С2 + а3С3 + а4С^ + а5С5 (14),

To calculate the index (13), share estimates are used regarding the endowment with resources (E^) (Table 2), to calculate the index (14), share estimates are used regarding the importance of resources (d]) (Table 3). The weighting factors are as follows: a1 = 1.0; a2 = 0.6; a3 = 0.4; a4 = 0; a5 = 0.5.

Once again, we note that all assessments are based on self-assessment and are subjective. For example, it can be assumed that, in the opinion of a person leading an extremely active lifestyle, he lacks energy, and a person who quietly "melts" along the flow of life believes that he has enough energy. However, something else is important here: each of them understands satisfaction with life in a different way. Therefore, subjective assessments, ultimately, quite objectively fix the lack of human energy to achieve the same global goal - complete satisfaction with life. And in this sense they are all comparable.

The results of calculations using formulas (13) and (14) are shown in tables 2-3, which allow us to draw a number of interesting conclusions.

First of all, it turned out that, contrary to the opinion of Western economists and sociologists, who consider time to be the most valuable resource, for Russians it is the least

Table 2.

Distribution of respondents' answers to the question: "To what extent do you lack the following resources in your life?" %

Possible answer

Resource type

Quite enough f-,)

Rather, f2 is enough)

Rather lacking f3) Completely lacking f4) Difficult to answer f5) Index of endowment of the resource (I)

36.8 29,3 10,5 0,7

Table 3

Distribution of respondents' answers to the question: "Indicate the degree of importance for you of the following resources?" %

Answer option Resource type

Time Energy Money Knowledge

Very important ^) 55.9 74.1 73.0 53.8

Rather important ^2) 34.8 22.8 22.2 34.4

Rather not important ^3) 7.6 2.1 3.1 8.9

It doesn't matter at all ^4) 1.3 0.4 1.1 2.2

Difficult to answer ^5) 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8

Resource importance index ^) 80.0 88.9 87.9 78.3

a scarce life resource that Russian residents are endowed with to the maximum extent. It is followed by information and energy resources, and the financial resource closes the system (Table 2).

In our opinion, the revealed system of ranking the level of endowment of vital resources testifies to the well-known primitiveness of the Russian society. In developed communities, money and energy go to the last places, and time and knowledge - to the first. In other words, for more developed communities, the importance of "non-material" life resources is higher than "material".

In Russia, the opposite situation is observed, which allows us to speak about the relatively low social and intellectual development of its citizens. It is also noteworthy that the lack of money has a significant gap for them compared to the lack of other resources. For example, the index of endowment with a monetary resource for the inhabitants of Russia is 2.1 times lower than the index of endowment with time. Such significant discrepancies confirm their non-random nature.

Russian citizens compensate for the acute lack of money and knowledge with time and vitality. Such a model of social existence means that they lack the resources typical of developed civilizations (money and knowledge), which are compensated by resources of a purely natural origin (energy and time). Therefore, with some degree of conventionality, we can conclude that Russia is currently dominated by a rather primitive socio-economic model, characteristic of civilizations of a low level of development.

The foregoing leads to the following hypothesis: as society develops, a quite definite pattern is observed in increasing endowment with resources - first, financial and energy resources reach a certain level of saturation, then informational and temporal. Of course, some deviations from this evolutionary line are possible, but they cannot be fundamental. Russia does not yet fall under this pattern.

The conclusion about the natural "primitivist" model of the Russian society is also confirmed by data on the importance of vital resources. Thus, the most important resource for Russians is energy, then money, and only then time and knowledge (Table 3). Such a hierarchy of significance of vital resources testifies to the low civilizational stage at which Russian society is located.

It should be noted that we are not talking about any intellectual inferiority and inferiority of Russians. The dominance of this model is associated, rather, with the breaking of the socio-economic system that has taken place in the country in the past two decades. Many people faced the need for physical survival, which predetermined the drift of the system towards primitive, purely material life resources. It is possible that as the negative consequences of systemic reforms are overcome, the endowment and importance of the considered vital resources will be restructured in the direction of strengthening the role of time and knowledge.

Differentiation of vital resources by socio-demographic groups

Calculations of the indices of endowment with vital resources and indices of their importance, taking into account gender differences, are shown in Table 4. They allow us to draw a number of conclusions.

Indices Gender

Men Women

Endowment indices: Time 60.7 60.1

Energy 61.5 53.1

With money 29.0 27.9

Knowledge 58.4 57.3

Importance indices: Time 80.7 79.5

Energy 88.3 89.4

Money 88.0 87.8

Knowledge 79.0 77.8

First, the differences in the life resources of men and women are generally insignificant, some of them are at the level of statistical error.

Secondly, in general, the endowment with vital resources is still higher for men than for women. While this advantage is small, it cannot be ignored, as it is consistent across all four resources. In addition, the importance of vital resources for men is also higher than for women (with the exception of energy). In other words, men attach somewhat more importance to vital resources, which partly explains their greater endowment with them.

Thirdly, the most significant difference between men and women is the endowment with vitality. The advantage of men is 8.4 percentage points, which looks really huge compared to the advantage in other resources of 0.6-1.1 percentage points. On the other hand, the importance of vital energy for women is higher than for men. That is, in comparison with men, women are the least endowed with precisely that vital resource that is of the greatest importance to them.

In this regard, let us pay attention to the following circumstance. Some anthropologists, relying on the traditions of ancient cultures, argue that men are energy-excessive subjects, and women are energy-deficient. For example, K. Castaneda, who studied the philosophy and worldview of the North American Indians, comes to this conclusion, they will share the active masculine principle and the passive feminine and the Chinese dualistic concept of Yin-Yang. Our quantitative results confirm these postulates.

By the way, the high endowment with energy in particular and resources in general, supported by their high significance, other things being equal, leads to a more active waste of these resources. As a result, the intensity of life of men increases, experiences become more acute, the body wears out faster, which can provoke a reduction in their life expectancy. It is possible that the relative resource abundance of men is, if not the main, then one of the important factors that they live less than women.

No less interesting conclusions follow from the calculations of the endowment indices with vital resources and indices of their importance depending on age (Table 5).

First, clear age patterns in the level of endowment with resources are visible only for energy and time. For example, as one would expect, endowment with vitality decreases markedly with age. So,

Age groups of respondents

18-24 25-34 35-44 45-59 60 and older

endowment indices:

Time 59.8 56.2 53.5 56.7 75.5

Energy 70.8 68.0 60.0 54.6 37.8

With money 29.7 30.6 26.7 27.8 27.9

Knowledge 57.3 55.9 56.7 59.3 58.9

Importance indices:

Time 82.4 83.6 83.2 79.6 72.9

Energy 88.3 89.2 89.7 89.0 88.2

Money 91.0 88.5 89.8 87.4 83.9

Knowledge 86.7 83.2 80.8 76.9 67.9

at retirement age (60 years and older), people retain only 53.4% ​​of their vital energy compared to youth (18-24 years). At the same time, the uniform tendency to reduce strength as the age of a person increases is highly stable. The Time Endowment Index has a more complex but equally predictable trajectory. So, before the period of maturity (35-44 years), when the activity and employment of the individual, as a rule, reach a maximum, there is a drop in the time endowment index, after which it begins to increase and by the time a person retires, it reaches 75.5%. This value is a record; no resource reaches such values ​​in any age interval. We can say that with age there is a gradual replacement of a person's vital energy with a temporary resource.

Secondly, the variability of the values ​​of resource endowment indices for "cosmological" factors (time and energy) is much higher than for "social" factors (money and knowledge). The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the indices of endowment with energy and time for different age groups reaches 33.0 and 22.0 p.p. respectively, while the same indicator for money and knowledge is only 3.9 and 3.4 p.p. Thus, more significant shifts in the values ​​of endowment indices are observed for those resources that practically do not depend on a person, and for social resources that subjects master in the course of the life cycle, shifts are difficult to detect. This once again testifies to the immobility and, consequently, "underdevelopment" of the social factors of Russian life: financial and information capital is not subject to dissipation, but it does not accumulate either.

Thirdly, the variability of the values ​​of the indices of the importance of vital resources for time and knowledge is significantly higher than for money and energy. The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the knowledge and time importance indices for different age groups is 18.8 and 10.7 p.p. respectively, the same indicator of money and energy is 7.1 and 1.5 p.p. Consequently, more significant shifts in importance index values ​​are observed for more "ephemeral" resources that do not have tactile properties. This fact reveals the inhibition of the system of values ​​in relation to "coarse" vital resources and, conversely, the chaotic nature of the system of preferences in relation to "fine" resources.

Fourth, as follows from the analysis of the depth of differences in the value of the corresponding indices for different age groups, the process of mastering life resources implies greater age variability compared to the process of forming a system of resource preferences. It means that

the system of human values ​​during the life cycle evolves noticeably, but not as much as the system of focusing on life resources. As for the financial situation, as it worsens, the endowment with vitality, money and knowledge decreases (Table 6). This is offset by an increase in the endowment of low-income people with a temporary resource. Thus, the axiom is empirically confirmed: more energetic and more knowledgeable people achieve success in life. The "retribution" for such success is the growing shortage of time. However, in any case, the main conclusion is true: material success means greater endowment with vital resources.

Further. Wealthy people place more value on time, energy, and knowledge than poor people, and for time and knowledge, these preferences are most clearly visible. Thus, our hypothesis is confirmed, according to which civilizational development, accompanied by an increase in the material well-being of the population, leads to an increase in the role of "non-material" factors of life activity. Accordingly, the value and subjective value of money decreases slightly as wealth increases.

Fifth, it turns out that the endowment with knowledge for the middle class is higher than for the "rich" (the first column of Table 6) and the "poor" (the third column of Table 6). Along with this, the importance of the energy resource for the middle class is less than for the other two groups of the population. In other words, the maximum information load of society falls on the middle class, while in terms of energy costs, the niche of the middle class is quite comfortable. This correlates with the data of experimental ethology and brings new aspects to the understanding of the place and social role of the middle class.

Let us note an interesting result of the intergroup analysis of the obtained data. As it turned out, the difference between men and women is smaller than between rich and poor, and the difference between rich and poor is smaller than between young and old. This pattern extends both to the system of people's value, which is described by indices of the importance of vital resources, and to the system of resource endowment, which is described by indices of endowment with vital resources. The maximum variation in the endowment indices by gender is 8.4 percentage points, financial position - 29.3 percentage points, age - 33.0 percentage points. Accordingly, the maximum variation in the importance indices for sex is 1.2 p.p., financial status - 9.1 p.p., and for age - 18.8 p.p. Therefore, such a physiological difference as sex is of less importance compared to such a social difference as income. At the same time, co-

Table 6

Differentiation of social indices by financial situation, %

Indices Financial situation of the family

Very good, good Average Very bad, bad

endowment indices:

Time 55.7 59.5 63.7

Energy 63.6 59.7 49.5

With money 46.0 31.3 16.7

Knowledge 58.3 59.1 55.2

Importance indices:

Time 84.3 80.5 77.9

Energy 89.6 88.8 89.1

Money 84.8 87.9 89.0

Knowledge 84.1 79.1 75.0

ciap differences in income matter less than age. Thus, a hierarchy of social differences is formed, which should be taken into account when pursuing social policy.

Life Resource Efficiency

Quantitative estimates of the level of endowment of people with various life resources require a certain averaging to obtain an integral index of resource endowment (I*). To do this, you can use a simple formula:

/* = (L /LK + (/2 / L)/2+(/3 //0)/3 + (L /L)/4 (15),

where all designations are the same, J0 = ^ + J2 + J3 + J4, and four indices denote the corresponding vital resources (time, energy, money, knowledge).

The performed calculations show that the integral resource endowment index (15) in Russia in June 2006 was 50.5%. This value is symptomatic in itself, since it indicates the low saturation of Russian society with basic life resources. Of particular interest is the comparison of this assessment with the integral life satisfaction index. If the latter is designated as 0*, then the efficiency of vital resources (k) can be estimated using the formula: k = 0*/I*.

The value of the index of satisfaction with life in July 2005 in Russia was 53.1%. Despite the time gap in the 0* and I* scores, they can be compared. In this case, the value of the efficiency of vital resources (k) is 1.05, i.e. value very close to unity. It follows that the level of satisfaction with life is almost completely determined by the level of endowment with life resources.

Here again it is appropriate to draw a curious analogy with some anthropological data. So, in the works of C. Castaneda, there is a classic formula of the North American Indians, according to which happiness is an excess of energy (strength). In our case, this formula is generalized, since, in addition to energy, other resources should also be taken into account, and it is somewhat modified: the category of happiness is replaced by a more operational concept of life satisfaction. Thus, sociological and anthropological studies are quite well matched and, at least, do not contradict each other.

Of course, the theory of vital resources does not claim to explain the whole variety of behavioral strategies of people, but in many cases its use can be quite fruitful and contribute to a more correct understanding of various social phenomena.

LITERATURE

1. Balatsky E.V. Life Satisfaction Factors: Measurement and Integral Indicators // Public Opinion Monitoring. 2005. No. 4.

2. Castaneda K. Fire from within. The power of silence. The art of dreaming. M. 2003.

3. Ross L., Nisbett R. Man and situation. Perspectives of social psychology. M. 1999.

A description of a special methodology of analysis of life resources of population.

Light is an essential part of life. It is impossible to imagine a world without sunlight. In addition to the fact that the rays give us light and warm us in a cold season, they contribute to the implementation of vital processes in many organisms.

Light in plant and animal life

Light is an integral part of the life of all life on the planet - animals, plants and humans.

Sunlight for most plants is a necessary and inexhaustible source of vital energy that regulates the processes of their life. This process is called photoperiodism. It consists in regulating the biorhythms of animals and plants with the help of light.

Plant photoperiodism causes another process called phototropism. Phototropism is responsible for the movement of individual plant cells and organs towards sunlight. An example of this process is the movement of flower heads during the day, repeating the movement of the Sun, the opening of light-loving plants at night and the growth of indoor plants towards the lighting fixture.

Seasonal photoperiodism is the reaction of plants to lengthening and shortening of daylight hours. In the spring, when there are more daylight hours, buds begin to swell on the trees. And in autumn, when the days get shorter, the plants begin to prepare for the winter period, laying buds, forming a tree cover.

Light plays an important role in the life of animals. He does not participate in the formation of their organisms, but still leaves an imprint on the life of animals.

As with plants, light is the source of energy for the animal world.

The sun's rays affect the diurnal photoperiodism of animals and their distribution in nature. Representatives of the fauna are diurnal and nocturnal. Because of this, there is no competition between them in search of food.

Light helps animals to navigate in space and in unfamiliar territories. It was the rays of sunlight that contributed to the development of vision in many organisms.

The photoperiodism of animals is also determined by the length of daylight hours. Animals begin to prepare for winter as soon as the sunny days get shorter. Their body accumulates the necessary substances for life in the winter. Birds also react to the lengthening of the night, they begin to prepare for flights to warmer climes.

The value of light in human life

(N. P. Krymov - educational landscape under "Change in the landscape in tone and color at different times of the day")

Sunlight plays a huge role in human life. Thanks to him, we can navigate in space using vision. Light gives us the opportunity to know the world around us, to control and coordinate movements.

Sunlight promotes the synthesis of vitamin D in our body, which is responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

The mood of a person also depends on the sun's rays. The lack of light leads to a deterioration in the state of the body, apathy and loss of strength.

The human nervous system is formed and develops only in conditions of a sufficient amount of sunlight.

Light also helps to get rid of infectious diseases - this is its protective function. It is able to kill some fungi and bacteria located on our skin. It helps our body produce the necessary amount of hemoglobin. When sunlight hits the skin, the muscles come into tone, which productively affects the entire body.

Using the energy of sunlight

Solar energy is used both in normal daily life and in industry. In everyday life, many people use solar energy to heat water, heat the house.

In industry, sunlight is converted into electricity. Most power plants operate on the principle of directing solar energy through mirrors. Mirrors turn after the sun, directing the rays to a container with a heat sink, for example, water. After evaporation, the water turns into steam, which turns the generator. A generator generates electricity.

Vehicles can also be powered by solar energy - electric vehicles and spacecraft are charged using light.

Each person has vital resources that he can dispose of and provide certain processes. Thanks to personal resources, the needs for survival, security, comfort, socialization and self-realization are met. In other words, we can say that the external and internal resources of a person are his life support.

Characteristics of personal resources

Resources are divided into personal (internal) and social (external).

Internal resources are the mental and personal potential of a person, as well as the skills and character that support people from the inside.

External resources are those values ​​that are expressed in social status, connections, material support and everything else that helps a person in the outside world and society.

This article will talk about how important internal resources are and how they should be developed and used to achieve success.

Human resources include:

Health (physical and psychological);

Character;

Intellectual abilities;

Skills, abilities, experience;

And emotions;

Self-assessment and identification;

self-control;

Spirituality.

To achieve success and harmony with the world, it is these internal human resources that must be developed to the maximum level. Many experts in the field of social psychology note that people who are engaged in self-improvement, in most cases, achieve their goals. They have the ability to control themselves first and then take control of the situations around them. It is this algorithm of behavior that is correct for influencing various social processes.

Health (physical and psychological)

A healthy human body, which receives rest and food in the required amount, as well as expends its internal sexuality and energy in the required amount, are the internal resources of a person on which a large part of success in life depends.

The psychological component (the processes of the psyche and its functions) are also regarded as fundamental resources. The internal components of the personality psyche are erudition and erudition, figurative and abstract thinking, intelligence, the ability to use information, the ability to analyze and synthesize, attention, quick switching from one object to another, will and imagination.

Emotions and positive thinking

Various emotional states are inexhaustible resources. Inner moods can set the rhythm for both the physical body and the psyche as a whole. At the same time, the resources are both a feeling of favorable emotions, such as joy, happiness, fun, peace, and a feeling of grief, sadness, anger, rage. But each of the emotions must carry a creative function. For example, rage and anger in defending one's rights can indicate and will not allow the opponent to violate them. But rage, aimed at the destruction (moral or psychological) of another person, already carries a destructive function.

The perspective on creation will allow you to develop the ability to think positively, which very often becomes an assistant in resolving many problems and troubles in life.

Character

Character is understood not only as those traits that are highly moral and attractive to society as a whole, but also those that help the individual move towards achieving any results. For example, anger and irritability are not very welcome in society, but thanks to them, a person will always be able to stand up for himself in a difficult situation. That is why such traits are also resources. The internal resources of the individual, which are in character, of course, must be close to the ideals of society. It is worth remembering that all character traits should appear at the right time and in the right place, in which case they will only benefit the person himself and those around him.

Skills, abilities, experience

A skill is what a person has learned to do, and a skill is the automation of a skill. Thanks to this, the person can the people around him. Thus, an internal resource is manifested, which lies in skill.

Experience, processed and experienced, is an important human resource. Everything that a person could realize and feel is already experience, and in the future a person can consciously use it in similar situations to overcome any difficulties.

Self-esteem and identification

Identity is what we identify with and identify with. The last characteristic can be professional, social role, gender. It is also an internal resource that allows us to perform those functions and responsibilities that we consciously accept. Self-esteem plays an important role in a person's life and the proper use of this resource. We can say that it is a real assessment of one's position in society and attitude towards oneself that allow one to weigh one's own actions and failures, draw conclusions and continue to achieve life goals.

self-control

The ability to respond correctly to current situations is an extremely important component of any personality. Using the resource of self-control allows a person to analyze and choose the right behavior model that will not harm either others or himself.

Spirituality

Spirituality in the field of internal resources means not only faith in higher powers, but also values ​​that are associated with justice, love, faith in magic and energy. It is these non-material values ​​that lift a person above the earthly chaos, and allow him to become more reasonable.

Human Life Resource Each of us ages faster when we start distributing our inner resource right and left. Thoughtless distribution contributes to withering, decrepitude, moral exhaustion. Let's talk a little about how to manage such a concept as a life resource and what can be done in order to direct your precious energy in the right direction. Olga V. turned to us. She is 42 years old. She describes her life in this way: “My whole life is a continuous incessant cycle. In the morning I run to work, in the afternoon I meet with a friend and listen to her complaints about her husband, then my mother-in-law calls me and complains about life. I have to talk to her even though I'm at work. In the evening I give advice to my daughter-in-law, then again I listen to complaints on the phone about the life of another girlfriend. In general, I distribute myself in parts. And there is no strength left for anything. I just run out of breath and fall. In general, there is simply no strength left for her husband. What is there to say about yourself. A familiar situation for many, isn't it? Often we do not attach great importance to our inner state, we do not even think about it. We do not find time for our personal needs, for our emotions, personal experiences. We do not want to just stop for a moment and ask ourselves: “What do I want?”. And this is not about those pseudo desires that are imposed on us by society, but about those in which there is a need for our soul and our heart. Olga V. has not yet learned to enjoy solitude with herself, from the life around her, from a sense of respect for herself as a person, as a Woman. And all her attention, as a rule, is directed not to herself, but to the outside world - to the society that surrounds her. And she is wasting herself. She wastes her life resource on things that are absolutely unnecessary for her personally ... Don't you recognize yourself in such a situation? How often do you have to waste your life resource, your potential, in vain? It must be understood that human life potential is not unlimited. And over time, you can run out of steam, like old champagne in an unopened bottle. Everything has a limit. There are limits to everything... When you invest in outside situations that don't directly concern you, you just want to be good to others. Everything is very simple. Deep down in your soul, maybe even on a subconscious level, you hope that in return these people will be grateful to you and someday will repay you in the same way. Perhaps you even think so: “The more people will be grateful to me, the more help I can count on in the future and, if necessary, I can turn to them.” But it's not. These are your illusions, your ghostly fantasies. Believe me, it rarely occurs to people that they owe something to someone for some of his past participation in their personal lives. And what do we end up with? We spend our life resource, which is far from unlimited, in vain. Thanks to this, there is no time and energy left for your own personal life. Even if you think that this is not so, but when you are included in an extraneous situation, then automatically, absolutely unconsciously, you are waiting for a response from the other side. And she won't. And don't wait for it. And if you weren’t really asked for help, then don’t expect a proportionate answer at all. Surprisingly, this kind of “concern” about others is a sign that you do not want to deal with your personal life. It is important to understand that help is nothing more than a targeted action. Help and share a life resource only when you are asked to. And in no case to the detriment of yourself personally and your beloved family. Tatiana Vetrova

1. Physical and mental health;

3. Volitional qualities - for example, patience, self-control;
4. Accumulated knowledge and mastered skills;
5. Self respect, self-sufficiency, life values;
6. Human interest in life, desires, goals;
7. Positive life experience, active life attitude - understanding that purposeful actions will sooner or later lead to results;
8. Readiness for personal growth, for self-improvement;
9. Accepting the challenge of life,- the ability to use the difficulties of life, problem situations for self-development;

11. Time and how you spend it;
12. Material opportunities (income, savings, etc.);
13. Material and technical means (house, transport, etc.);
14. Social support - people who can help achieve the goal;
15. Information and sources of information.

A story about resilience. Once a frustrated disciple said to the Master:
- Teacher, I'm tired, I have such a hard life, such difficulties and problems, I always swim against the current, I have no more strength, what should I do?
Instead of answering, the teacher put three identical containers of water on the fire. He threw carrots into one container, put an egg into another, and poured coffee into a third. After a while, he took out the carrots and the egg from the water and poured coffee from the 3rd container into a cup.
- What changed? he asked the student.
- The egg and carrots boiled, and the coffee dissolved in water, - the student answered.
- No, - said the Teacher - This is just a superficial view of things.
- Look - hard carrots, having been in boiling water, have become soft and pliable. The fragile and liquid egg became hard. Outwardly, they did not change, they only changed their structure under the influence of equally unfavorable circumstances - boiling water.
So people - strong outwardly can fall apart where fragile and tender only harden and grow stronger.
- What about coffee? the student asked.
O! This is the fun part! Coffee completely dissolved in the new hostile environment and changed it - turned boiling water into a magnificent aromatic drink.
There are special people who do not change due to circumstances - they change the circumstances themselves and turn them into something new and beautiful, deriving benefit and knowledge from the situation.

Erich Fromm believed that every person has the three most important resources that can help him solve any problem. It:

• hope - that which ensures readiness to meet the future, self-development and a vision of its prospects, which contributes to life and growth;
• faith - awareness of the existence of many opportunities and the need to discover and use these opportunities in time;
• mental strength (courage) - the ability to defend hope and faith, the ability to say “no” when the whole world wants to hear “yes”.

So, a resource is something internal that can help us achieve a goal. The formula using resources to achieve success would look like this:

A.S. + R. = J.S.

A.S. - The current state is what is now.

J.S. The Desired State is what we strive to achieve.

R. - Resources - what we may need for this.

And now a small projective test Sea Treasures, which will clarify your goals and tell you what resources you need in the first place.

Instruction. In this picture you see a small piece of the seascape, more precisely, the seabed. You need, firstly, to complete this picture with details, complete it, and secondly, pay special attention to the chest. As you have already noticed, it is open, but empty. Fill it with the content that you consider the most appropriate and accurately reflects your thoughts.

You will find the key to the test in the article “Projective methods. Picture Tests: Your Goals and Resources ”

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