Today we have a really difficult topic that causes a lot of controversy. We are considering the question of whether a comma is needed after “in addition” or not. Let's reassure the reader and say that this is not the most difficult problem on the way to the truth.
Answer to the main question
In fact, there should be no doubts here, because everything is unambiguous. “In addition” is an introductory combination, and therefore it is always isolated, regardless of location. For example:
- Dad played football very well, boxed, besides, he cooked well, and I grew up and became a literary critic.
It is difficult to imagine that our object of study can be at the end of the sentence, because this introductory construction indicates the connection between thoughts, and the end of the sentence is the final presentation.
Meaning "in addition to something, in addition"
People who have not immersed themselves in the punctuation jungle of the Russian language almost automatically put a comma before “except” without really thinking about the meaning. So, this is not worth doing, since there are subtle, subtle differences that sometimes even the author himself does not notice.
According to D. E. Rosenthal, constructions with a preposition are not isolated in the meaning of inclusion. Let's take an example to make it clear:
- In addition to excellent hot dogs, I would also eat some kind of salad, I'm still on a diet.
Admittedly, there are exceptions here too. In some cases, to avoid ambiguity, even such constructions are isolated. For example:
- In addition to the records, there are other evidence of the criminal's guilt in the case.
- In addition to the records in the case, there are other evidences of the criminal's guilt..
Subtleties, of course, make it very difficult to make a decision in a particular case. As you can see, the question of how to write "besides" (whether a comma is needed or not) is not the most tricky one. But further is even more interesting.
Meaning "excluding"
Here, the reader and I are already on familiar ground, where commas will still come in handy, moreover, they will be familiar. For example:
- There was nothing on the table except a salad. But the salad didn't want to b.
As you can see, not a single preposition is isolated, but the entire turnover as a whole. There is no point in extending too long here, for this is a more or less well-known rule.
Also and beyond that are synonyms?
And here the opinions of ordinary people and sources were divided. The former believe that these are different constructions, and, accordingly, one is separated by commas, while the other is not. Sources claim their synonymy, which means that the "colleague" of the object of study, being an introductory combination, is also distinguished by commas in writing, regardless of the location in the sentence.
Linguistic delights can be discussed to the point of hoarseness, but let's try to resolve the dispute in practice. Let's say that "besides this" is an introductory construction, then the sentence with it will be the following:
- My sister was an excellent badminton and tennis player, and she also had a black belt in karate.
If we mentally replace “besides this” with “besides”, nothing will change, that is, practice shows that the sources do not deceive. Another thing is when the introductory combination breaks up into a preposition and a demonstrative particle with a noun following it. For example:
- In addition to this issue, I would like to discuss the problem of the low wages of our employees.
In this case, it is impossible to speak of an introductory construction, so the arrangement of commas obeys general rule. This is easy to check: mentally remove the elements of the phrase that cause doubts, and the sentence will rapidly become meaningless.
Yes, this is not an easy job - to place commas. Of course from physical activity can not withstand the body, and from the mental - the psyche. But we try to make sure that the reader does not think what the combination looks like « besides" punctuation, especially since this is the easiest case.
Substitutions and other options
Russian spelling is difficult, and punctuation is even more difficult. And even a literate person can find it difficult to decide on the correct placement of punctuation marks. Following the line of least resistance, the question of how to correctly highlight “in addition” in the text (whether a comma is needed here or not) can be solved radically and the construction can be abandoned altogether. There are two options here:
- Remove it from the text - out of sight.
- Replace with a similar design, but not so embarrassing.
Examples of sentences without the described combination are as follows:
- Papa is an excellent archer, stays in the saddle and cooks on a fire. Dad is a real reenactor.
- Tanya succeeds in everything: she fences beautifully, dances and interprets Hegel.
As you can see, whether we add the object of study to the sentences or not, the meaning will not change.
But sometimes you can’t just edit the text, replacements are required. We offer some that are most suitable for the "besides" combination:
- The part of speech "besides" is a conjunction. We must be careful and remember that such turns are completely isolated, that is, putting a comma after the union is a mistake. For example: I love books, besides I have a lot of free time to read them..
- "Also" is a conjunction. Its plus is that it also does not require isolation by itself, which means that you don’t have to puzzle over commas. For example: I would also like to congratulate the charming Lyubov Viktorovna, she looks great at her 92 years old!
- “More” is an adverb and a particle that does not require isolation. For example: I also want to note that life is beautiful!
As you can see, there are plenty to choose from to solve the problem - after "besides" a comma is placed or not.
We hope that all these difficulties will not alienate the reader, and he will continue to improve in the knowledge of the great and mighty.
Related materials:
- In this connection: is a comma needed? When to put a comma: rules
Today we have a really difficult topic that causes a lot of controversy. We are considering the question of whether a comma is needed after “in addition” or not. Let's reassure the reader and say that this is not the most difficult problem on the way to the truth.
Answer to the main question
In fact, there should be no doubts here, because everything is unambiguous. “In addition” is an introductory combination, and therefore it is always isolated, regardless of location. For example:
- Dad played football very well, boxed, besides, he cooked well, and I grew up and became a literary critic.
It is difficult to imagine that our object of study can be at the end of the sentence, because this introductory construction indicates the connection between thoughts, and the end of the sentence is the final presentation.
But, as with any rule, here you need to be careful not to confuse the introductory construction and the preposition with the pronoun. For example:
- I have nothing left of her as a memento, except for that blue handkerchief that she embroidered with her own hands..
If the reader needs an answer to the question of whether a comma is needed after "besides" or not, then he is lucky, because the answer has already been given. But if we get rid of part of the structure and leave only a pretext, then real adventures and difficulties will begin here.
Meaning "in addition to something, in addition"
People who have not immersed themselves in the punctuation jungle of the Russian language almost automatically put a comma before “except” without really thinking about the meaning. So, this is not worth doing, since there are subtle, subtle differences that sometimes even the author himself does not notice.
According to D. E. Rosenthal, constructions with a preposition are not isolated in the meaning of inclusion. Let's take an example to make it clear:
- In addition to excellent hot dogs, I would also eat some kind of salad, I'm still on a diet.
Admittedly, there are exceptions here too. In some cases, to avoid ambiguity, even such constructions are isolated. For example:
- In addition to the records, there are other evidence of the criminal's guilt in the case.
- In addition to the records in the case, there are other evidences of the criminal's guilt..
Subtleties, of course, make it very difficult to make a decision in a particular case. As you can see, the question of how to write "besides" (whether a comma is needed or not) is not the most tricky one. But further is even more interesting.
Meaning "excluding"
Here, the reader and I are already on familiar ground, where commas will still come in handy, moreover, they will be familiar. For example:
- There was nothing on the table except a salad. But the salad didn't want to b.
As you can see, not a single preposition is isolated, but the entire turnover as a whole. There is no point in extending too long here, for this is a more or less well-known rule.
Also and beyond that are synonyms?
And here the opinions of ordinary people and sources were divided. The former believe that these are different constructions, and, accordingly, one is separated by commas, while the other is not. Sources claim their synonymy, which means that the "colleague" of the object of study, being an introductory combination, is also distinguished by commas in writing, regardless of the location in the sentence.
Linguistic delights can be discussed to the point of hoarseness, but let's try to resolve the dispute in practice. Let's say that "besides this" is an introductory construction, then the sentence with it will be the following:
- My sister was an excellent badminton and tennis player, and she also had a black belt in karate.
If we mentally replace “besides this” with “besides”, nothing will change, that is, practice shows that the sources do not deceive. Another thing is when the introductory combination breaks up into a preposition and with a noun following it. For example:
- In addition to this issue, I would like to discuss the problem of the low wages of our employees.
In this case, one cannot speak of an introductory construction, so the placement of commas obeys the general rule. This is easy to check: mentally remove the elements of the phrase that cause doubts, and the sentence will rapidly become meaningless.
Yes, this is not an easy job - to place commas. Of course, the body may not withstand physical exertion, but the psyche may not withstand mental exertion. But we try to make sure that the reader does not think what the combination looks like « besides" punctuation, especially since this is the easiest case.
Substitutions and other options
Russian spelling is difficult, and punctuation is even more difficult. And even a literate person can find it difficult to decide on the correct placement of punctuation marks. Following the line of least resistance, the question of how to correctly highlight “in addition” in the text (whether a comma is needed here or not) can be solved radically and the construction can be abandoned altogether. There are two options here:
- Remove it from the text - out of sight.
- Replace with a similar design, but not so embarrassing.
Examples of sentences without the described combination are as follows:
- Papa is an excellent archer, stays in the saddle and cooks on a fire. Dad is a real reenactor.
- Tanya succeeds in everything: she fences beautifully, dances and interprets Hegel.
As you can see, whether we add the object of study to the sentences or not, the meaning will not change.
But sometimes you can’t just edit the text, replacements are required. We offer some that are most suitable for the "besides" combination:
- The part of speech "besides" is a conjunction. We must be careful and remember that such turns are completely isolated, that is, putting a comma after the union is a mistake. For example: I love books, besides I have a lot of free time to read them..
- "Also" is a conjunction. Its plus is that it also does not require isolation by itself, which means that you don’t have to puzzle over commas. For example: I would also like to congratulate the charming Lyubov Viktorovna, she looks great at her 92 years old!
- “More” is an adverb and a particle that does not require isolation. For example: I also want to note that life is beautiful!
As you can see, there are plenty to choose from to solve the problem - after "besides" a comma is placed or not.
We hope that all these difficulties will not alienate the reader, and he will continue to improve in the knowledge of the great and mighty.
Besides that
union
Syntactic constructions that begin with the union "except that" are distinguished by punctuation marks. Moreover, if the union is not located at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is usually placed both before the word “except” and before the word “what”.
As a girl, she did not stand out in the crowd of brown gymnasium dresses: what could be said about her, except that she is one of the pretty, rich and happy girls, that she is capable, but playful and very careless to the instructions that a classy lady gives her? I. Bunin, Easy breathing. I told you I won't give you a dime, except that will follow the job. A. Fet, Autumn chores. Besides that a thousand rubles in pure money, we give three coats, a bed and all the furniture. A. Chekhov, Wedding. Sitting next to a young woman who at dawn seemed so beautiful, reassured and enchanted by the sight of this fabulous setting - the sea, mountains, clouds, the wide sky, Gurov thought about how, in essence, if you think about it, everything is beautiful in this world, all, except that we ourselves think and act when we forget about the higher goals of being, about our human dignity. A. Chekhov, Lady with a dog.
Dictionary-reference book on punctuation. - M.: Reference and information Internet portal GRAMOTA.RU. V. V. Svintsov, V. M. Pakhomov, I. V. Filatova. 2010 .
See what "except" is in other dictionaries:
In addition to what- union 1. It is used when attaching the subordinate part of a complex sentence (which contains an amendment to the previous part of the sentence), corresponding in meaning to the following: except that. 2. Used when attaching ...
Introductory expression Delimited by punctuation marks, usually commas. For details on punctuation with introductory words, see Appendix 2. (Appendix 2) From such carriage conversations, it turned out that the cashier Prituliev and the sales student Vasya Brykin were countrymen, ... ... Punctuation Dictionary
Moreover- Unchange. Also, in addition. Airplanes carry millions of people. In addition, they deliver various cargoes. It is not enough for a person to understand what this or that word means. He also wants to know why it means this and not something else. (L... Educational Phraseological Dictionary
Besides that- union Used when connecting sentences, the second of which complements the first and seems more significant than the first; besides that. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern dictionary Russian language Efremova
With the exception of what- Union Used when attaching the subordinate part of a complex sentence (which contains an amendment to the previous part of the sentence), corresponding in meaning to the following: except that; besides that. Dictionary… … Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
The shape of what will be ("To stay alive")- The shape of the future English. The Shape of Things to Come Series of the television series "Lost" Episode number Season 4 Episode 9 Director Jack Bender Written by Brian K. Vaughn Drew Goddard Future Hero Ben A day on the island 100 Premiere 24 ... Wikipedia
WHAT IS A PLANT- The total area of the planet Earth is 510 million km2. The share of land accounts for 149 million km2, the World Ocean occupies 361 million km2. Both the land and the ocean are inhabited by plants and animals. The variety of both is very great. Now installed... Biological Encyclopedia
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?- ’WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?’ (‘Qu est ce que la philosophie?’, Les Editions de Minuit, 1991) book by Deleuze and Guattari. According to the authors, indicated in the Introduction, ‘what is philosophy’ is a question that is ‘asked, hiding anxiety, closer to ... ... History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia
What where When
What where When?- What? Where? When? Television game emblem: owl (symbol of wisdom) with a crown Genre television game Author Vladimir Voroshilov Director Vladimir Voroshilov (1975 2000) Boris Kryuk (2001 present) Production ... Wikipedia
Books
- , Comenius. and, finally, vexation and despair; but he who remains at home in his heart and locks himself with the Lord God alone, comes by himself to true and complete peace and joy. Reproduced in… Buy for 2105 UAH (Ukraine only)
- The labyrinth of light and the paradise of the heart. i.e., a clear image of the fact that in this world and in all its objects there is nothing but vanity and delusion, doubt and sorrow, ghost and deceit, melancholy and disasters, Comenius. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. and, finally, vexation and despair; but he who stays at home in his heart and locks himself up with one...
Do I need a comma after "besides"?
If we talk about the union besides that quot ;, then a comma is placed both before the word what and before the word except.
Offer example. He turned away and said nothing , except that He had been tired of all this for a long time.
In addition, this is an introductory combination that is separated by commas.
For example. Besides, sort out buckwheat and millet.
If the expression Moreover is an introductory construct, it is separated by commas. For example: In addition, you can make a beautiful postcard with your own hands from improvised materials. quot ;. If the design Moreover is a combination of a preposition and a pronoun, no comma is required. For example: Everyone left, except for that guy.
Almost always besides separated by commas. And sometimes not only at the beginning, but also at the end, that is, from both sides. This is due to the fact that andbesides - introductory expression. Examples:
In addition, it is very useful to answer stellar questions on BVquot ;. We get some new knowledge at BV, in addition, we earn a pennyquot ;.
BUT. If in addition acts not as an introductory expression, but serves as a pronoun, then a comma is not put. Example:
There is no good answer other than that opus of less than 200 characters left by a BV newbie.
Thus, if pronoun - no comma if the preposition (or introductory expression) is highlighted.
Good afternoon. Most often you come across sentences in which the words besides performs the function of an introductory expression. If so, then you must separate it with commas on all sides. Example:
There are sentences in which these words are used as a preposition with a pronoun, then do not put a comma after this phrase. Example:
First of all, let's say that in the vast majority of cases (used in the text, sentence) the word / combination of two words is introductory. This is an introductory word, an introductory expression. Therefore, it must be separated with commas not only after, but also before (it is highlighted, separated by commas on both sides). If it is used at the very beginning of a sentence, then put a comma immediately after.
Suggestion examples:
In addition, it is very useful to run in the morning.
He and I graduated from the same school, in addition, we also studied in the same class.
It is important not to confuse this introductory expression and preposition with the pronoun besides. In the second case (preposition and pronoun) it is not separated / not separated by commas (a comma is placed before except for ):
There was nothing left, except for that sad state of what he saw.
Usually restrictive - excretory turns, consisting of a combination of nouns in case form or pronouns that replace them, with prepositions apart from, in spite of, apart from, apart from, apart from are separated by a comma if they are at the beginning of a sentence or by two commas if they are in the middle of a sentence.
Apart from the seagulls, there was no one to be seen in the sea.
Nothing could be heard but the howl of the wind in the chimney.
She did so, contrary to the opinion of her relatives, and did not regret it at all.
phrase Moreover indicates the order of thoughts and their connection. It is introductory, and always stands apart.
Also, clean up after yourself and lock the door.
A design such as in addition in all cases separated by commas. True, the selection from two sides is characteristic when this combination is an introductory construction, but when it comes to a preposition with a pronoun, then the selection is carried out on the one hand.
Introductory structure:
We were in the camp, in addition, the parents promised that we would also go to the sea.
Preposition and pronoun:
We were going to the forest, besides that there was nothing around the forest.
In addition, this is most often an introductory phrase and it is always separated by commas, it just needs to be remembered. However, in some cases in addition appears in the sentence in the form of a preposition and a pronoun, in this case it is unnecessary to put a comma / s.
Example: in addition to reading 20 books in the summer, I also learned the multiplication table.
In addition to compote, I will also have this tea.
In addition, as a phraseological unit, will be distinguished by a comma in all cases. Both in the role of an introductory word, and in the meaning of in additionquot ;, except. This is a very handy introductory construction. A journalist, recommend also replace with besides.
In rare cases, besidesquot ;, is not a single phraseological unit, then a comma may not be placed.
Yes, almost always the turnover In additionquot ;, takes a place at the beginning of the sentence and precedes the general thought contained in the sentence, is an introductory construction, and therefore is separated by a comma, which is placed immediately after it.
For example: I was a practicing journalist, in addition, I was also a translator, as I lived in the USA for 10 years and knew English very well.
If we have a union, then a comma is also placed, but as a rule it precedes the word - WHAT, which is placed immediately after it.
For example: In addition to the fact that this person did not look very neat, he was always rude and I had no desire to communicate with him.
Turnovers with value inclusions, exclusions and substitutions, naming objects included in a series of homogeneous members or, conversely, excluded from it, or objects replacing others, are distinguished or not separated by commas according to the conditions of the context. Such phrases include prepositions and prepositional combinations. apart from, along with, besides, (not) excluding, except for, including, beyond, instead of and etc.
Isolation necessarily under the following conditions: location at the absolute beginning of the sentence; location between the subject and the predicate (breaking their connection); location between the control word and the controlled one (breaking their snip): When the hard years came civil war, Lisa,along with all , had to look for a service(Fed.); detachment,with the exception of three or four people "homeless" , usually divided into groups(Fad.); work that hasabove all , and of great purely scientific importance(Paust.); With everyone on the boatnot excluding the silent bartender , Smury spoke abruptly(M. G.); Many existing problems and trends,including the human factor , indicated in the report(gas.); Beyond Grigoriev's expectations , gunfire did not cause any noticeable confusion in the ranks of the red(Shol.).
Wed: I ended up in a column of demonstratorsalong with others . – Along with others , I ended up in a column of demonstrators(beginning of a sentence); I,along with others , ended up in a column of demonstrators(between subject and predicate); - I turned outalong with others , in a column of demonstrators(between the controlling and controlled word).
| Note 1. Turnover with a preposition Besides has two meanings: a) one matches the meaning of the words with the exception of, i.e., the exclusion from a number of similar items matters: On all the shores of the bay for hundreds of miles I did not meet a single person, and,except for the bitterest wormwood and dry weeds I didn't pick a single blade of grass(Paust.); Vershinin sent Lugovikov to the institute, allexcept for Sviridova , - he included her in the high-mountain detachment(Hall.); b) the other is the designation of inclusion in a number of similar items: Bunin'sapart from the brilliant, downright classic stories , there are drawings of extraordinary purity(Paust.); I have heard,except for the hum of the motor , some more sounds(Paust.). |
Currently, differences in the meanings of revolutions with the word Besides do not affect punctuation: in both cases, commas are provided. However, in the past, turns with the meaning of inclusion were not distinguished by punctuation marks. Wed: Except teachers The students also came to the meeting. -Except teachers no one came to the meeting.
He walked slowly around all the harbors and all the moorings - incredibly thin and solemn, like Don Quixote, leaninginstead of a knight's spear on a thick stick(Paust.) preposition instead of has the meaning "in return" (relied on a stick, not a spear).
Pretext instead of can have one of the meanings of the preposition per. In this case, turnover instead of not isolated: He sat in the cab of the car instead of the driver(for the driver, as a driver).
Isolate themselves turnovers with combinations other than: We are evil to no one except for bears don't do(Mark.).