Sushi, rolls and their varieties. Which rolls are the most delicious - photos and names, reviews What are the types of sushi and rolls

In the modern world, the boundaries between cultures and peoples have become less clear than in past centuries. Even national dishes are now becoming not a curiosity from an overseas country, but a completely ordinary dinner or lunch anywhere in the world. This happened with traditional Japanese sushi, which can now be bought at every turn.

But, despite the fact that sushi and its variety, rolls, are widespread all over the world, few fans understand the intricacies of this dish. You can start with the name itself, which is popular in Russia.

According to the Japanese-Russian transcription system, the word for this dish should be read as "sushi". The Japanese consider this name more correct, but "sushi" causes rejection in them. This pronunciation in Russia is explained by the fact that the fashion for sushi came to us not from Japan, but from the West, where the Japanese word was transcribed as sushi.

How did sushi come about?

The history of the appearance of this dish dates back to the 4th century BC, but in another Asian country - China (other sources claim that it was Thailand). Ancient sailors were concerned about keeping their fish catch for many months, or years, so they came up with the idea of ​​shifting raw fish with rice. The lactic acid found in rice grains helps speed up the fermentation process, and in this variant, the catch was ready to eat in a few days and stored for more than two years.

At first, rice used for storing and salting fish was thrown away because it decomposed, but the addition of special rice vinegar allowed the first similarity of this dish, nari-sushi, to be born. This variety is a small piece of salted fish and a lump of rice. They are still sold in some specialized restaurants in Japan.

This dish came to Japanese chefs only in the 8th century AD, and they changed the recipe and began to use fresh, only caught fish, treated with marinade, and not fermented. Then sei-sei-sushi appeared, which around the 17th century turned into haya-sushi - vegetables and other fillings were added to them.

Ingredients

The creator of the popular variety of sushi is the chef Yohei Hanaya, who invented nigiri sushi in 1820. It was he who began to use raw fish and turned this dish into fast food, because sushi was now suitable for eating for a very short time. Thanks to Yohei, this dish has spread all over the world and has become very popular.

Nigiri sushi was served simply as a wad of rice with a piece of fish on top, and the whole thing was tied with a ribbon of seaweed. For the Japanese, this dish has become an everyday food that can be eaten, and throughout the rest of the world it has become a delicacy that has many varieties.

The main ingredients of sushi are always the same:

• Sumeshi- special Japanese rice for sushi, characterized by increased stickiness and cooked according to a certain technology;
• Nori- leaves of red algae, with the help of which most types of sushi are wrapped;
• Soy sauce(optional, to certain types of sushi);
• Fish- more often raw or salted (tuna, salmon or eel);
• Wasabi A bright green sauce made from the spicy-tasting Wasabi japonica plant.

But further sushi differ in a huge variety of additives, toppings and twisting methods. It is enough for a simple admirer of this dish to know the types that you can try in Russia. This, of course, is sushi and its variety, rolls - the main difficulty for those who plan to try them for the first time.

Varieties

It is worth noting that the ingredients are similar, only the method of serving and preparation is different. Sushi is made by hand - they are sticky rice with a piece of fish on top. But the rolls are traditionally wrapped in the form of a roll, using a special mat for this. Further, these two main types can be divided into many varieties.

1. Rolls happen with a stuffing inside and "inverted". Those in which the filling and rice are inside nori seaweed are called in all countries maki sushi(Makizushi in Japan). If the additives and rice are outside, then such a dish is correctly called uramaki. Sesame seeds or caviar are often used for sprinkling.
2. traditional sushi can also be served in the form of a "cup", which is filled with fillings - cream cheese, caviar, seafood. Popular dish name nigirizushi. There are also baked sushi and rolls, vegetarian types of this dish and even sweet ones. Non-traditional types of rolls are also gaining popularity - with chicken, bacon or other types of meat.

The most popular roll in many countries, including Russia, is California. It is a typical version of urakami and consists of traditional ingredients: rice, nori sheets, avocado pulp, fresh crab meat, cucumber, salmon and Philadelphia cheese. Despite the simplicity of the composition, the name of these rolls has become the most recognizable in the world.

How to eat sushi properly?

Beginners who are unfamiliar with this Japanese dish are interested in how to eat it correctly? The fact that sushi must be eaten with chopsticks is nothing more than a relic of the past. Centuries ago, in Japan, only the poor ate with their hands, while noble people always ate with chopsticks.

Then the custom was transformed - noble men were allowed to eat with their hands, but women were strictly with chopsticks. There is an opinion that men were obliged to eat with their hands, so that during a visit to a tea house he would not lose his head and touch a geisha. After all, a soiled kimono was very expensive and could cost a man a fortune.

Japanese etiquette in the 21st century is supported by the same principles, but all over the world you can eat sushi the way you want. Most varieties are small in size so that they do not need to be bitten off. If the roll is too large, then it should be dipped in soy sauce with the filling down, and put on the tongue with the top.

Another interesting detail - pickled ginger is included in serving rolls and sushi for a reason. Sometimes the variety of species does not allow you to feel the taste of the dish, so before a new type of sushi, you should eat a piece of ginger, the sharp taste of which will interrupt the aftertaste.

And finally, some interesting facts from the history of sushi:

• Until now, in Japan, only the stronger sex can cook sushi. The reason is rather strange - in women, the body temperature is slightly higher, which will negatively affect the taste of the dish.
• In Japan, there are special machines for making sushi, but they are not popular.
• To become a sushi chef, you need to unlearn a total of five years - 2 years in rice and 3 years in fish.
• When choosing sushi, you should give preference to trusted manufacturers, because this dish can cause poisoning due to improperly processed fish.
• By their properties, sushi is equated to antidepressants.

Sushi is a very popular dish all over the world, don't be afraid to try it. For the Japanese, this is everyday food, which is probably why they are the main long-livers on our planet.

They have taken root in Russia, although this dish comes from Japan. The basis is most often nori sheets, rice and seafood. Although there are options with chicken or meat. There are a lot of types of roll. However, we will only talk about the most popular and favorite options by the people. It is also worth noting that some of them are interesting for their form, not content. Many restaurants come up with very complex toppings, but classic versions of the dish are still popular.

Filling options. What can be in the rolls?

Why know the name of the main types of rolls, if all the ingredients are listed on the menu? First of all, it helps the buyer or client of the restaurant to navigate the variety of dishes. Many establishments separate the rolls into different pages, depending on which variety this or that option belongs to.

The types of rolls shown in the photo are the most popular among visitors to Japanese restaurants. Sushi is prepared by professionals.

On the menu, images of rolls are not always placed under the dish itself. This is often the fault of small establishments. Here it is extremely important to imagine how this or that dish will look like in the end, so as not to be disappointed in Japanese cuisine.

Any seafood can be used as a filling for rolls, for example, fish, mussels, eel or squid. You can also use more European options, tongue, chicken, pork or bacon.

Benefits of rolls Why should they be eaten?

It is noteworthy that rolls are healthy food. If you eat them in a good institution where they monitor the quality of products, then this dish will only benefit the body. In order to understand what exactly this or that roll contains, you should analyze its composition. The main types of sushi contain nori and rice. The rest is subject to change.

Norias are algae. Even in the pressed and dried form, in which they are used in cooking, they contain a decent amount of iodine. It is known to have a beneficial effect on brain function, helps develop memory and has a positive effect on the thyroid gland.

Rice also contains vitamin B. Therefore, this product should be eaten by those who are prone to stress. It is also recommended for women during menopause.

Analysis of Philadelphia. The composition of the popular dish

What types of roll are the most popular? Probably, many will choose Philadelphia. The composition of this dish necessarily contains cream cheese and red fish. Therefore, this product contains fats, and in large quantities. But do not be afraid of this fact! These fats are essential for the female body. Their absence or insufficient amount is detrimental, as it leads to problems with menstruation.

However, to soften this dish, it is better to choose the option with cucumber, and not with avocado. The combination of rice, red fish and fresh vegetable makes the rolls a truly balanced lunch or dinner option.

Maki - the usual rolls

Types of rolls with the name maki are a variant of sushi familiar to the inhabitants. In translation, the name of the dish means roll. And so it happens. Maki is a roll, that is, rice, nori and stuffing rolled up in this way.

By the way, in this dish, the filling can be located on the elevator, or it can be hidden inside. Omelet, crab meat, red and white fish, eel are used as the basis for rolls. Also an open variant, where rice wraps each piece rather than hiding under seaweed, is often garnished with caviar or sesame seeds. For these purposes, finely chopped greens or cabbage can be used.

Usually one big roll is immediately rolled up. After that, it is cut into small, approximately identical parts. Types of rolls and their composition may vary, but the method of preparation is usually not changed. A noria sheet is laid out on a bamboo mat - this is seaweed. They put specially processed rice on them. Now, the actions of the cook change, depending on which roll is being prepared. With the closed version, the filling is laid directly on the rice, for example, cucumber and fish, and the dish itself is rolled up into a tight roll.

If an open version is being prepared, then the roll is turned over with rice so that the noria sheet is on top. It is rolled up, and the filling is placed on top. The finished roll is divided into pieces, usually six or eight cubes of equal size.

Nigiri sushi

A dish with this name is, in fact, the simplest type of rolls. It is a lump of rice prepared in a special way. It is noteworthy that the groats, which have been boiled properly, using rice vinegar and other spices, are very plastic, but keep their shape. It is thanks to this that rolls of such a plan are convenient to eat with chopsticks, since they do not unfold.

As a filling, I mainly use red fish. It is placed directly on the rice. Sometimes it is attached to it with a strip of nori, like a rope. Also, the filling for rolls of such a plan can be squid, oysters, less often - quail eggs.

Oshizushi - new filling position

Rolls with this name are interesting for their structure. In them, rice and filling are arranged in layers. They are placed in special forms. It is noteworthy that this type of dish can be considered one of the most ancient! In Japan, food was stored in this way so that it would not spoil. To do this, fish, salt and rice were laid out in layers, and then put under oppression.

In principle, the structure of the preparation of this type of sushi has not changed. Only the toppings change. Each chef prepares his own dish. Also, before serving, sushi is cut into squares and only then taken out into the hall.

Gunkan nigiri

Gunkan niri is another interesting type of roll. Their name and photo are familiar to many. Surely, visitors to Japanese restaurants paid attention to sushi, which are sold one at a time. They are a vessel made of nori, rice. The crushed stuffing is placed in it. One of the most famous is red caviar. Sometimes flying fish roe, which is smaller in size, is also used.

The fillings for this type of rolls are often crushed, as it is convenient to apply them in this form. For example, you can find Gunkan with shredded shrimp in cream cheese. You can also arrange traditional sushi, if the filling for them is crushed into puree.

This group also includes yaki sushi. These are the same gunkans, but baked. Considered a delicacy. A special sauce is added to ordinary sushi, which forms a cap when baked, saving the ingredients from boiling.

Hosomaki - rolls with one ingredient

Hosomaki is the so-called monoroll. The product can also be called one-component. What types and names of rolls can be found here? These are the very classic and everyone's favorite options with eel or cucumber. In general, all those in which only one ingredient acts as a filling. It is noteworthy that it is this option that doctors consider the most useful.

The fact is that many rolls are overloaded with ingredients, sometimes quite heavy. Heavy cheese, mayonnaise, and fatty avocado are put in the same dish. In the one-piece version of the rolls, this is not the case. Here in the composition you can find only rice, nori and the main ingredient itself.

These rolls are prepared in the same way as the rest. Often the filling is tuna, red fish, shrimp, cucumber, less often - bell pepper, eel or crab meat. You can also highlight a special group of rolls with one ingredient. These are sushi with a special sauce - spicy. This is the designation for a spicy version of a familiar dish.

An interesting fact is that kappa maki stand apart in this group. These are cucumber rolls. This vegetarian option has gained popularity. It pleases with the fact that its taste is quite fresh and pleasant. It is for this reason that he was singled out as an independent group of rolls.

Futomaki - interesting and big

Rolls with this name appeared from the previous type. They are twice as big as hosomaki. And they can include two or even three ingredients.

Appearance, not counting the size, coincides with one-component rolls. Caviar of flying fish, salmon or crab, shrimp or eel is placed inside. There is also a vegetarian option available. So, tomatoes, bell peppers and cucumbers can act as fillings, the latter can be replaced by avocados.

Rolls have become very popular in our country. Each restaurant strives to create its own dishes, which have never been heard of in Japan. However, you can find those types of rolls that have remained unchanged. Therefore, it is better to familiarize yourself with their classification in advance in order to be able to choose.

(their variety in the form of rolls) have not lost popularity among supporters of oriental cuisine, acquired at the time they were introduced into the menu of restaurants in Europe and the USA. Interestingly, it is Japanese dishes that are in the top three in terms of the frequency of orders. There are a large number of their types, with different fillings and components, so literally everyone can choose their favorite combination of products.

Contrary to popular belief, the recipe for sushi does not mean the presence of raw seafood. The name of the dish refers to vinegared rice, which can (but should not) be combined with raw seafood, but also with eggs, processed fish, vegetables, etc.

Rolls are one of the most beloved dishes of Japanese cuisine. Today they are known literally all over the world, they are happy to order home delivery to enjoy them in a cozy, calm atmosphere. In Europe they are called "maki", they are dried nori seaweed, in which stuffed white rice mixed with vinegar is wrapped like a roll. The rolls are then cut into six or more pieces, taking the shape we are used to. Like other sushi, it is customary to eat them dipped in soy sauce mixed with wasabi paste (a relative of horseradish).

Main characteristics

Rolls are a type of sushi, but larger. From the ingredients prepared in a certain sequence, a “sausage” is formed, which is then cut into portions. The thickness of the roll-roll may vary, depending on the type of roll and filling. The main ingredients that are involved in the cooking process are:

• rice of a special variety, round and viscous. After cooking, it is marinated in a mixture of rice vinegar with sugar and salt, and only after that it enters the table for cooking;
• dried seaweed. Nori are dark thin sheets that are molded from special seaweed, dried and pressed. Their main role is to bind the rice base, giving it an unobtrusive salty taste, as well as enriching food with useful trace elements and vitamins. Before cooking Japanese dishes, the leaves should be roasted a little on the fire, they will acquire a brighter taste;
• filling. Traditionally, fresh fish and seafood are used for filling rolls. The Japanese also like to add vegetables, scrambled eggs. In Europe, dishes with a soft variety of cheese have taken root. The filling can be anything that fantasy allows.

In the "homeland of sushi" their preparation is equated to a whole philosophy. The dogmas are the absolute ability of the master to properly cut the fish at the right angle and the impeccable freshness of the products. The Japanese believe that the less time has passed from the moment the fish was caught to its serving, the more useful ingredients are preserved in it. Therefore, they often do not subject seafood to heat treatment, trying to prolong their freshness. Sometimes they even cut and serve the still fluttering inhabitants of the deep sea. But in the food delivery service, this practice is usually not.

Previously, they studied for "sushi" for a long time - as much as 10 years, and only after that the man received the title of chef. It is a man, because traditionally only they are allowed to the cooking process. It is believed that in women the temperature of the palms is higher, and contact with heat leads to a faster destruction of nutrients in the fish, it loses its freshness. This aspect is strictly observed, as well as the requirements for the freshness of the dishes, which remain the highest.

Types of rolls

Japanese food lovers are well aware of how diverse and rich the culinary culture of this country is. There are many types of sushi and rolls, but Europeans liked only certain of them. So, the most common types of sushi are:

• hosomaki - thin, containing only 1 filling ingredient;
• futomaki - large, combining several components (3-5). Usually it is fish, vegetables, scrambled eggs, seafood;
• uramaki or inside out roll. When preparing this dish, the principle of composing the layers was changed. In traditional types, the top layer is a sheet of nori, then comes rice and stuffing, but in uramaki the sequence is different. So, nori and some filling ingredients are placed inside a layer of rice, on which a slice of fish is still placed on top or sprinkled with caviar, sesame seeds;
• gunkan or "ships". This dish got its name because of its specific shape. An oval is formed from the nori leaf, which is filled with rice and stuffing.

Interestingly, the famous Philadelphia roll is an invention of an American chef. In Japan, it is not customary to use cream cheese for the filling. Moreover, in the Land of the Rising Sun they do not know about this type of their dish. But you can order it from us with home delivery, as well as any other popular type of this delicacy.

If you decide to open a sushi bar or sushi shop, but don't know what to call it, the information in this article will help you choose the best option. Below are the basic principles for creating vibrant themed names for such establishments, as well as many examples of already existing restaurants and sushi stores around the country.

Principles for constructing the names of sushi shops and sushi bars

In order to understand the main strategies for the formation of such brands, it is necessary to identify several main groups of names that have a common focus and semantic load. Each of these categories is detailed below:

• Names with direct occurrence of the word "sushi". Shops that sell this popular dish, as well as sushi restaurants, often include the name of the main course in their brands. The advantage of such a strategy is obvious - it allows you to emphasize the direction of the institution and cause the necessary direct association among customers. Moreover, this principle allows you to distinguish sushi bars and shops from other similar establishments and outlets, which, of course, only plays into the hands of entrepreneurs.
• Japanese or Chinese names, as well as brands associated with oriental culture. In general, this principle is similar to the previous one, with the only difference being that such brands “take” with their sound, and not with the semantic load. So, calling your establishment "Hachimaki" or "Cherry Blossom" you automatically draw a parallel with the direction of the sushi bar or shop.
• Other thematic names related to sushi rolls, sea, etc. By naming his establishment "Rice and Fish" or "CutFish", the entrepreneur also evokes the right associations with the clientele, although not with the help of such obvious tricks. It is enough to show imagination and use any attributes of this dish or its relation to the sea, and you can form a bright name, such as, for example, "Wasabi" or "Sirena".
• Other original titles First of all, it is worth noting that this category is the least common. However, this does not mean that it does not have its advantages. So, in this case, the name “takes” not by its associativity, but by its catchiness, which is also important in any business. "Tamagotchi", "ToDaSe" and other names of this group are easy to remember and stand out among the brands of other establishments involved in the manufacture and sale of sushi.

Examples of names of sushi bars and shops

Names with direct occurrence of the word "sushi"

Japanese or Chinese names, as well as brands associated with oriental culture

Establishments, as a rule, do not make a distinction between these two concepts, and even the regulars of sushi bars often do not realize that sushi and rolls are not quite the same thing. Sushi is a traditional Japanese dish, and rolls are one of its varieties - the one that spread throughout Europe, America, and later Russia. In addition to appearance, there are other characteristic differences between sushi and rolls:

• sushi is cooked in the form of chunks of seafood on rice cakes, while rolls are mini-rolls wrapped in nori seaweed;
• sushi is made exclusively from seafood, and, as you know, other ingredients are included in the rolls: vegetables, cheese, pasta, and so on;
• sushi is served only cold, but rolls can also be warm: these can often be found on the menu of specialized establishments;
• sushi is prepared by hand, and the rolls are rolled using a bamboo mat.

It is curious that modern Japanese sushi chefs are sincerely surprised at the variety of rolls on the menu of restaurants around the globe. That is to say, most of the dishes offered by establishments are author's modifications of original recipes. In the Land of the Rising Sun, this fact is treated differently: someone believes that Western peoples allow themselves to be too free with a traditional oriental dish, while others are proud that it was Japan that introduced the world to this exquisite food.

The main types of sushi and rolls

You can get lost in the sushi menu of even one small restaurant, and to mention all the varieties of the dish, you need a whole encyclopedia, so we will focus only on the most common of them:

• Nigiri sushi is a classic variety that can be found on the menu of almost all sushi bars in Europe and Russia. It looks like a handful of oblong-shaped rice topped with a slice of fish, octopus, squid, or large shrimp;
• Gunkan-maki, or "sushi boats", are also served in the form of a ball of rice, but are similar in shape to a boat. Caviar or finely chopped seafood is added on top;
• Maki sushi is the so-called "homemade" type of dish. Wrapped in nori seaweed or thin omelet;
• Temaki sushi - small cone-shaped rolls. Rice, seafood and vegetables are used as ingredients. This kind of sushi is eaten with the hands, as it is not easy to grab it with chopsticks even for craftsmen;
• Sake sushi is another "homemade" version of the dish, which, however, is widely distributed in the establishments of our country. It is rice covered with salmon slices, seaweed, as well as slices of cucumber and carrots.

Where to eat delicious sushi

Today, there is a sushi menu in almost every major cafe and restaurant, but gourmets still advise visiting specialized establishments where this Japanese dish is professionally prepared. In them you can find the widest range of rolls, about which the waiters will be ready to provide comprehensive information. An even more convenient option is to order sushi via the Internet with home delivery, for example, at https://wasabi-shop.ru/. Chefs will prepare the freshest and incredibly delicious set, which you can enjoy in your own kitchen, treating all household members along the way.