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International quality standards for their application in construction. FIDIC - International Construction Standards

In some countries, there are national standards based on ISO 9001 that take into account the specifics of the construction industry:

HB 90.3 - The Construction Industry - Guide to ISO 9001:2000 The Australian standard, in which, for each of the points of the requirements of ISO 9001:2000, instructions are given on how these requirements can be implemented in relation to individual enterprises or projects and to the relationship between participants in the construction process (investors, customers, suppliers, construction and design organizations, consumers building process).

IRAM 30100 - "Guia de interpretacion de la ISO 9001:2000 en la construccion" - Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 in construction. Argentine standard - it also takes the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 as a basis. For each of the requirements, guidelines and examples for implementation in construction organizations are provided.

ASQ E 2014 - "Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team" - An explanatory guide for the design and construction project team. US standard. Clarifications are provided on how the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 can be applied in the execution of construction projects.

ASQ E 1364 "ISO 9001:2008 Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team" - ISO 9001:2008 Interpretive guide for the design and construction project team. US standard, similar to the previous one. The differences are that the explanations are given on the application of the new version of the ISO 9001:2008 standard.

Ukrainian standards in the field of construction quality management

In Ukraine, there are no standards for quality management in construction based on ISO 9001. An attempt to introduce such standards was made only once, in 1995: DSTU ISO 9000-1-95 "Standards for Quality Management and Quality Assurance". Then, for unknown reasons, this standard was canceled, and the new one has not been adopted so far.

Apart from the "harmonization" of domestic standards in the Eurocodes, nothing is being done. Unless, the loud statements of newly-minted officials in the Ministry of Regional Development of Ukraine about the need to revise national regulations. In general, this is understandable - in the current composition of the leadership of the ministry, it is very difficult to find a person with a specialized education.

In Russia, national standards for the quality management system in construction, created on the basis of ISO 9001, have not been developed. There are only separate guidelines based on the standards of the 1994 version. These guidelines, firstly, are outdated, and secondly, cover the activities of only design and construction and installation organizations:

Methodology for the development of documentation for the quality system of project products (element SK 4.4) based on ISO 9000 standards.

In addition to standards based on the ISO 9000 series, other quality management systems in construction exist in some countries:

"Quality Management System for the Construction Industry" - Quality management system for the construction industry. Developed by the Norwegian Building Research Institute. This standard has been adopted and is valid in five Nordic countries. The standard provides guidance on the presentation, structure and content of the quality system for all participants involved in the construction process. The structure of the quality management system in the construction industry is divided into three components: the general segment, the segment associated with the project processes and the segment for the execution and construction support. On this basis, the quality system in the industry is built - the quality system of the construction industry (general segment) - the quality system of the company involved in the construction process (segment for the execution and construction assurance) - the project quality plan (segment related to the project processes). For the development and implementation of a quality management system, the standard establishes a “five-step” model (step 1 - "Development and specification of a quality program", step 2 - "Initiation of improvements", step 3 - "Analysis of applied working methods", step 4 - "Development of a system quality management”, step 5 - “Integration and control of the application of the quality management system”). The requirements of the standard include 10 sections, each of which is divided into 10 subsections. The requirements of these sections cover all participants involved in the construction process and all phases of the construction process. Each of the participants in the construction process can apply the section of the standard that is associated with its activities.

"Common minimum standards for the procurement of built environments in the public sector" - A single minimum of standards. Developed and published by the UK Department for Trade in 2005. The standard has the status of "mandatory guidance" and should be applied to all projects related to construction. This document provides a list of standards that an organization participating in the tender for the performance of work in a construction project must comply with. The document contains the main norms, the norms for the procurement program and project, the norms for safety and health, the norms for design, the norms for historical heritage, the norms for sustainable development (economic, environmental and social).

"Total quality management" - General quality management. This approach to quality management is used by Japanese construction firms as well as other Japanese companies in various industries. Quality techniques used in Japanese construction companies are slightly adapted to the construction process. A feature of the application of TQM in the construction industry in Japan is a deeper attention to the planning stages of all work and the design of construction projects.

In addition, quality system standards in construction are created by builders' associations, such as regional or national ones. The standards of these associations can act as national standards for members of the associations.

Some examples of such standards are given below:

"QDF" is the standard of the German quality association for prefabricated builders (Qualitatsgemeinschaft Deutscher Fertigbau). The standard contains four sections - the quality of products and processes, the quality of service, the protection of health and the environment, additional conditions. Companies that have implemented this standard and comply with its requirements after appropriate verification (independent quality inspectors check production, internal quality management procedures and quality management procedures at the company's construction sites) receive the QDF quality mark. The quality mark is awarded for one year. A year later, in order to confirm the quality mark, the company must again be tested.

FTA-IT-90-5001-02.1 "Quality Assurance and Quality Control Guidelines" - Guidelines for quality assurance and quality control. Developed by the US Federal Transit Administration. The standard includes four sections. The first section provides an overview of the quality management system, the quality management tools used in construction projects, and this section also indicates how the standard should be applied. The second section provides requirements for the components of the quality management system. The third section contains the requirements and description of the organization of the quality management system. The fourth contains information on the development of a project quality plan.

"CM Standards of Practice" - CM standards from practice. Developed by the Construction Management Association of America. The standard is a set of rules for managing construction projects and includes the following sections - project management, contract administration, cost management, safety and risk management, quality management, cost analysis, timing management.

The solution to the problem of construction quality management is directly related to the transition to international quality standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

International standards contain requirements for a quality management system aimed at customer satisfaction by preventing non-compliance of products with regulatory requirements at all stages of its development, design and creation.

International quality standards are general and do not apply to any particular industry. In this regard, they need special adaptation to the specific products of specific enterprises, including the products of construction and installation organizations and enterprises for the production of building structures and parts. At the same time, the achieved technical, technological and organizational levels of production, as well as other factors and conditions of production and economic activity, should be taken into account.

The International Organization for Standardization has developed 17 international standards for quality management. These standards provide a complete regulation of the organization of product quality management in any manufacturing or service organization and enterprise.

In the 1990s The Government of the Russian Federation has developed and approved a number of state standards of the Russian Federation for quality management, which are fully consistent with the requirements of ISO standards. These include:

GOST R ISO 9001-96 Quality systems. Quality assurance model for design, development, production, installation and maintenance;

GOST R ISO 9002-96 Quality systems. Quality assurance model in production, installation and service;

GOST R ISO 9003-96 Quality systems. Quality assurance model for final inspection and testing;

GOST R ISO 1OOI1-1-93 Guidelines for the verification of quality systems. Part 1. Verification;

GOST R ISO 10011-2-93 Guidelines for the verification of quality systems. Part 2. Qualification criteria for expert auditors of quality systems;

GOST R ISO 10011-3-93 Guidelines for the verification of quality systems. Part 3. Management of audit programs;

GOST R ISO 40.001-95 Rules for certification of quality systems in the Russian Federation;

GOST R ISO 40.002-96 Certification system. General provisions;

GOST R ISO 40.003-95 GOST R Register of quality systems. The procedure for certification of quality systems.

Both international standards and GOSTs for ensuring and managing product quality apply to all branches of material production and services. Specific construction and assembly firms and enterprises for the production of building structures and parts are required to develop and implement a quality management system for construction products that meets the provisions and requirements of the above GOSTs. This system is subject to certification, i.e., its approval and acceptance by the organizations of the Russian Federation for standardization.

The main document containing regulatory requirements for the quality of construction and installation work is SNiP Part 3 "Organization, production and acceptance of work." In addition, when developing quality management systems, naturally, the requirements of other regulatory documents and State standards for the calculation of building structures for strength, stability, thermal conductivity, for laboratory and production testing of building materials, structural elements of buildings and structures, etc.

Today, with increasing integration, many countries are taking the issue of standardization seriously. ISO International Standards are the tools that regulate safety standards in many areas - construction, transport, at home and in the workplace. Along with ISO, FIDIS (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) has taken a significant place in construction issues. It was founded in Belgium in 1913.

Today, FIDIS has grown into the largest building consulting organization. It consists of 94 national engineering associations around the world that develop international building standards. In 2013, the organization crossed the centennial milestone of its existence.

Only relevant bodies of different countries can take part in international standardization. The organization sets its goal in establishing and approving regulations in relation to regularly solved tasks. All approved provisions are reflected in published standards.

The standard establishes the relevant characteristics of a variety of products, highlights the terms of its operation, shelf life, rules for transportation, sale and disposal - in general, all the information that will help the consumer to safely and efficiently use the product. Production terminology, packaging markings, labels also have certain standards.

International building standards have their purpose and goals. The main task is to improve the existing quality systems, and with it certification. Solving common issues helps specialists from different countries to establish cooperation in various areas of standardization.

Many countries are interested in the development of international construction standards, regardless of their industrial development and the presence of their own developed economy.

Tasks of standardization

(both general and related to construction) pursue the following goals:

  • Bring the quality levels of products produced in different countries as close as possible.
  • Ensure the interchangeability of elements of complex structures, which are manufactured in different countries.
  • Develop and promote international trade in every possible way.
  • Accelerated pace of scientific and technological progress and exchange of experience.

The tasks of standardization are the following:

  • Establish general requirements for the level of technical equipment and quality of products of building materials, components, standards for creating projects, eliminate the unprofitable variety of types of products, etc.
  • To develop unification as a condition for the specialization of production;
  • To ensure the reliability and uniformity of measurements in different countries, to improve the state standards of units of physical quantities,
  • Develop a unified documentary system for coding information,
  • Adopt common terminology for different areas of life,
  • Create general conditions for labor protection at work,
  • Combine efforts to protect natural resources and improve the environment,
  • Provide conditions for the integration of areas.

UNECE has identified a list of 15 areas that require standardization conditions:

  1. Construction equipment and elements.
  2. Nuclear power engineering, radiation safety and protection.
  3. Environmental protection.
  4. Electronic equipment and parts.
  5. Car equipment,
  6. Fire protection and anti-theft systems.
  7. Healthcare.
  8. Transport equipment.
  9. Tractors, machines for agriculture and forestry.
  10. Energy.
  11. Data processing.
  12. Materials.
  13. Metrology.
  14. Quality control.
  15. Other products and equipment.

International building standards are not binding on countries participating in the development of these standards. Any country has the right to decide whether or not to accept a certain condition of the standards at the state level. Basically, this decision determines the degree of participation in foreign trade and the division of labor.

In 2004, ISO management considered several options for applying the standard. It can be direct (when the standard is applied despite references to it in other documents) and indirect (when its application depends on the document in which its application is indicated).

In Russia, all the rules international standards are studied, after which the question of the variant of its application is raised. There may be 2 of them:
Acceptance of the original text of the standard without changing or supplementing it. The so-called "cover method".
Acceptance of the original text of the standard with those additions that correspond to the original Russian standards for the object.

In contact with

Construction organizations in the world « Quality management systems. Requirements » active enough. According to the annual statistical study of the International Organization for Standardization (International Organization for Standardization, - ed.), in 2011, 83,864 were issued in the construction industry. For comparison, in the supply of electricity - only 1,948. Reliable data for Russia could not be found, but there is no doubt that in our country the number of construction enterprises that decide on the need for implementation and certification (QMS - ed.) is large and is growing at a fast pace. This is facilitated by at least the fact that the performers of certain types of work in construction are today subject to mandatory membership in. We are talking about engineering surveys, architectural and construction design, construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects. as a condition of membership for potential contributors to their work (More on this - ed.). Despite legislative pressure on the issue, there is still a discussion among the expert community in construction on the applicability of the standard.

For construction organizations, the fact that Russian entrepreneurs have access to regulatory documents that clarify and specify its requirements specifically for their industry also speaks for construction organizations. There is a Russian national standard GOST R 55048-2012 “Quality management systems. Special requirements for the use of GOST R ISO 9001-2008 in construction". The standard is suitable for certification. It does contain additional requirements specifically for construction organizations. Among other things, according to this document, the construction company must prescribe the procedure for access of interested parties to the QMS documentation. The standard requires the formation of a list of quality management system documents that need to be agreed with the management; keep "recorded copies" of current regulatory documents, administrative-legal and contractual documentation. According to GOST R 55048-2012, shelf life

documents are established “based on the interests of the organization”. In addition, the standard requires the top management of the organization to formulate a marketing policy. The management representative should interact with the customer. We add here that although it is not written in the standard, ISO 9001 specialists recommend that construction organizations, when implementing ISO 9001, pay special attention to the design quality, the quality of the manufacturing process and the compliance of the quality of the final product with the project, standards and requirements.

Depending on the situation in which a particular Russian construction company finds itself, it may be interested in standards for quality management systems created in accordance with ISO 9001 in other countries. In Norway there is "Quality Management System for the Construction industry", In Great Britain "Common minimum standards for procurement of built environments in the public sector". There are many guidelines for implementing ISO 9001 in construction. For example, R NOSTROY 2.35.2-2011 "Guidelines for the application of the GOST R ISO 9001-2008 standard in construction". From foreign ones, ASQ E 2014 can be noted Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team» and ASQ E 1364 "ISO 9001:2008 Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team". There are similar standards of building associations: "QDF", FTA-IT-90-5001-02.1 "Quality Assurance and Quality Control Guidelines", CM Standards of Practice. If we talk about "CM Standards of Practice", then it is interesting because, unlike ISO 9001, there is a literal listing of the documentation that needs to be created to obtain quality results at the end of the construction project processes. This document is written more from the point of view of project implementation than the establishment of a quality system. Here is a far from exhaustive list of regulatory documents, with the help of which it is possible in a construction organization, and everyone can find a solution that is convenient in their case. It is a fact that often the choice between ISO 9001 and its explanatory notes and alternatives is not necessary. Organizations usually implement and certify ISO 9001 as a basis and a common language with any partners (For example, this is the situation in the forest industry, for more details -, - ed.). very famous for its versatility. The organization then profiles its management system with industry-specific requirements and certifications.

International standards in construction were developed with the aim of forming a unified approach to construction and ensuring mutual understanding regarding the quality of construction and ways of fulfilling obligations, determining uniform requirements that would be recognized and implemented by many countries and regulate the relationship between participants in international investment and construction projects.

Thus, the ability to use international standards in construction in one's work is an opportunity for "Engineering Company" 2K " work with international partners, the opportunity to expand the range of its activities and attract foreign partners for cooperation.

In its activities, it uses documents developed International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC)- International Federation of Consulting Engineers.

International standards are aimed either at providing the building community with model contracts, on the basis of which specific contracts are concluded that correspond to the current project, or at complying with technical standards in construction and design recognized by the international community. Model contracts FIDIC are used by our engineers if one or more participants of the investment and construction project is an international organization. These documents are mandatory if the project is financed by international banks, including the World Bank Group (World Bank Group).

EUROCODES are some analogues of Russian building codes and regulations, only more carefully developed, unified and have the status of official European quality standards (EN).

Compliance with international standards in construction is not mandatory for Russian companies. However, compliance with these standards allows us to conclude that the company is able to work according to world quality standards, that the facility built by this company is in no way inferior to its foreign counterparts in terms of materials and technologies used in construction. International standards oblige the company to also comply with the highest standards at the stage of pre-project research and the stage of development of project documentation. In addition, the implementation of these standards from the beginning of the implementation of the investment and construction project significantly saves investment resources.

In Russia, there is now a need to develop new SNiP ov. The current building codes were adopted back in the USSR, and now they are obsolete. However, the development of SNiPs is a very complex and expensive undertaking; it is most likely that in the near future, even before the development of new SNiPs, Russia will adopt EUROCODES which will greatly facilitate the investment process.

A feature of international standards is that they pay special attention to the protection of industrial safety, ecology and the environment. Unfortunately, Russian standards do not pay too much attention to these issues, but if a company wants to enter the international level, participate in the implementation of international construction projects, compliance with these standards becomes one of the key competencies.

"Engineering Company" 2K " builds objects, guided by the requirements of international standards in all processes accompanying the construction of the object:

  • Stage of development and approval of project documentation;
  • Attraction of technical devices;
  • Organization of the work process and involvement of labor force;
  • Construction and installation works;
  • Commissioning works;
  • Putting the object into operation.

The objects built and put into operation by our company are a clear example of compliance with international standards in construction, not in words, but in deeds. The uniqueness of the projects, the scale of the work, the latest equipment, new technologies, the professionalism of the performers, high-quality materials - these are all the mandatory characteristics of the objects built "Engineering Company" 2K ".

It must be emphasized that "Engineering Company" 2K " is focused on close interaction with the customer at all stages of construction, which allows you to build a facility with high quality and quickly control work, avoid cost overruns. Thus, quality, strict observance of Russian and international standards, customer focus - these are the factors that helped us gain a reputation in the market and the trust of international organizations.