In 1458, the Hungarian king Matthew Korvin (Matyash Korsh) ordered the formation of a new type of cavalry to participate in the wars with the Turks. This type of militia was made up of nobles. Every 20th nobleman with 1/20 of his armed men had to go to the hussars - from there the word hussars came from.
After the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1540, the hussars began to spread across Europe, hussar troops began to appear in the armies of other countries.
In Russia, the hussars appeared under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov and first consisted of recruited Germans and Poles. Only during the reign of Catherine II, the hussar units began to consist almost entirely of Russian soldiers, as well as Russian officers. This tradition was finally consolidated by Paul I and operated until the very fall of the empire. Under Catherine II, the hussar took shape as an "ideology", which entered the Russian mentality and culture. In those days, people began to appear in the hussars, who were representatives of the intellectual elite of their era. For the first time, the image of a hussar was formed.

0.L Kiprensky. Portrait of Colonel of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment Denis Davydov 1809

George Doe. Denis Davydov

The image of the hussar is well known and recognizable. The idea of ​​the hussars as heroes-lovers, great lovers of women (remember the legendary lieutenant Rzhevsky), lovers of wine (especially champagne, which is drunk in a hussar way means from the throat) and card games has remained in the people's memory.

In addition, the hussars are known for their desperate courage, hussar enthusiasm, resourcefulness, recklessness and heroism.
The image of the hussar was developed and popularized by Denis Davydov, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy.
Russian culture can be considered the receptacle of the hussars. Hussars existed in many countries, but none of these countries (except, perhaps, native to the hussar troops of Hungary) accepted the hussar as part of the national mentality as it happened in Russia.

(painter?)

Madatov Valerian Grigorievich--(Madatyan Rostom)
Cavalry Lieutenant General.
Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. "Russian Murat"

. K. E. Makovsky. Portrait of Lieutenant of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment Count G.A. Bobrinsky.1879

By the Patriotic War of 1812, there were 12 hussar regiments in Russia, and by 1833 - 14 hussar regiments, as well as 2 guards.
In 1882, it was decided to rename the hussars into dragoons. After that, only 2 guards remained from the hussar regiments in Russia.
In 1910, a few years after the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, Tsar Nicholas II restored the hussar regiments, their former names and uniforms, in order to "revive" the spirit of the Russian army. Thus, in 1914 there were 18 hussar regiments in total, not counting the two guards.

P. E. Zabolotsky. Portrait of the cornet of the Klyastitsky Hussars Regiment N. A. Tomilov. 1837

A. Klunder. Portrait of Colonel of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment N. I. Bukharov. 1838

(painter?)

Unknown artist. Portrait of a cornet of the Vladimir Lancers Regiment. Around 1832

Alexander Averyanov. Russian hussar.

Hussars in battle. Artist Viktor Boltyshev

After 1917, several regiments of the Red Hussars arose. Non-commissioned officer of the 13th Narva Regiment S. D. Fandeev was elected commander of one of them. The Red Hussars especially distinguished themselves in the summer of 1919, when the Soviet Republic fought against the army of Admiral Kolchak. The regiment's combat path ran along the Kama and Ural steppes, from Urzhum and the Vyatka River to the city of Yalutorovsk and the Iset River.

1st Krasnogusar Regiment, also known as the Red Hussars Regiment, commander S.G. Fandeev

went to the 30th Rifle Division, the Consolidated Cavalry Detachment (cavalry group) of Tomin of the 3rd Army of the Eastern Front, the 10th Cavalry Division of the 3rd Army (1st Rev. Army of Labor), the 10th Cavalry Division of the 3rd Cavalry Corps Guy Zapfront, among the last crossed the German border and was interned.

That was preceded by heated battles, when the red horsemen tried to break through to their comrades. The commissar of the Steel Cavalry Regiment, who fought side by side with the hussars, wrote in his diary during the period of hot battles with the White Poles: "The hussar caps turn red behind the shaft, their sabers shine like lightning in the air, the crackle of machine guns is replaced by volleys from time to time, and we rush forward , to where the entrance to Warsaw-Plock is."

Cavalry guards, the century is not long ...

“We do not strive to be the first, but we will not allow anyone to be better than us” - these words of Count A.I. Musin-Pushkin could well become the motto of the cavalry guards.

Created by Peter the Great, this privileged regiment did not become just a "parade army". He earned his honor and glory on the battlefields, immortalizing himself in the battles of Austerlitz, Borodino, Ferchampenoise, and many cavalry guard officers served Russia in the peaceful field.

Unknown artist. Portrait of the chief officer of the Cavalier Guard regiment M.S. Khrapovitsky. 1809

M. Krylov. Portrait of the adjutant wing, Colonel of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment Count A. S. Apraksin. 1827

Shtemberg V.K. - Portrait of a cornet of the Cavalier Guard regiment, Count D. A. Sheremetev

Zichy M. Cavalier guard attack. An episode of the parade on the Field of Mars in honor of the visit of the German Emperor Wilhelm I.

For the first time, cavalry guards appeared in Russia in 1724 as an honorary escort of Empress Catherine I, on the day of her coronation. Peter I himself became the captain of the cavalry guard, generals and colonels were officers, lieutenant colonels were corporals, and 60 privates were chosen from senior officers, and, according to contemporaries, "the most tall and prominent of the entire army."

cavalry guard

Throughout the 18th century, this military formation changed many times: it was dissolved, then it was born again, but it always remained the most elite and privileged regiment of the Russian army, recruited mainly from the highest aristocracy.
Get a grasp of their names: Yaguzhinsky, Menshikov, Buturlin, Trubetskoy, Vorontsov, Shuvalov, the Orlov brothers, Potemkin-Tavrichesky. It seems that before us is the history of Russia of that time!

It turns out that the cavalry guards made Russian history?
Or vice versa: did those who made history strive to try on the uniform of this brilliant regiment?

Be that as it may, the cavalry guards have always retained the status of a purely Russian formation, and even during periods of the strongest European influences, they did not turn into a hired army of foreign bodyguards, as was often practiced in Europe itself.
The Russian cavalry guards, which literally means “guardian horsemen”, were not only the personal guards of the emperor, but understood their duty more broadly - serving Russia, protecting the entire state.

A.I. 3auerweid. Chief officer of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. 1820s

The painting, commissioned by Nicholas I for a gift to the officers of the Guards Cavalry Regiment, was the first painting on the theme of December 14, 1825. The main attention in it, of course, is paid to the image of the troops loyal to the emperor and, above all, the Horse Guards. Not only on the canvas, but in reality, just so harmoniously, shoulder to shoulder, these elite horsemen rode to Senate Square. The drill of the ten post-war years did its job - the horse guards, obedient to the order of Nicholas I, attacked their brothers on that day - the Decembrist soldiers, led by opponents of slavery and autocracy. In the foreground, a court sergeant returning to the palace, taking Nicholas I to other units, hurries to the square to suppress the uprising.

A. And Charlemagne. Portrait of a cadet of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment A.A. Vonlyarlyarsky.1852

Borodino. Cavalry guards in battle. Artist Viktor Boltyshev

Wounded cavalry guard. Artist Yu.A. Averyanov

K. P. Bryullov (?). Portrait of the General of the Orenburg Cossack army V. L. Perovsky.
Late 1830s

Commander of the Cavalier Guard Regiment Nikolai Nikolaevich Shipov Sr.
Depicted in the palace dress uniform (white tunic and over it a red cloth cuirass-supervest)
Painting by F. V. Sychkov, 1895, State Hermitage Museum

AI Gebens. A group of officers and soldiers of Her Majesty's Cavalier Guard Regiment.

The history of the regiment is inseparable from the names of the Decembrists - heroes and martyrs of December 14, 1825. About 30 cavalry guard officers were involved in the uprising on Senate Square.

Decembrist Annenkov Ivan Alexandrovich - Lieutenant of the Cavalier Guard Regiment

The peaceful everyday life of the guards continued for a hundred years. Life went on as usual: regimental commanders changed, officers came and went, the staff structure and name changed. Since 1894, the regiment has been called the Cavalry Guard of Her Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna. The cavalry guards decorated parades and imperial reviews with their presence and continued to serve at court.

(artist?) Ivan Aleksandrovich Muravyov.
The son of the Decembrist A. N. Muravyov, was born in exile of his parents in Irkutsk. Served in the cavalry; from 1849 cornet of the Life Guards of the Cavalry Guards Regiment, from 1851 a lieutenant, in the same year he was transferred to the Narva Hussar Regiment for involvement in the duel; from 1853 in the Life Guards in the Dragoon Regiment, from 1854 again in the Narva Hussars with the rank of captain. From 1857 adjutant to the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, from 1858 major.

Such a courtly existence continued until the tragic summer of 1914. The flywheel of the First World War was already beginning to unwind. On July 21, a parting prayer service was served in the barracks on Shpalernaya Street in St. Petersburg, and at night the first squadron of cavalry guards was already loaded into cars at the Varshavsky railway station. Upon arrival at the front, the guards became part of the right group of the army cavalry of the 1st Russian army and soon participated in reconnaissance in battle over the Shirvint border river.

However, the Cavalry Guards Regiment took its first real battle in a series of upcoming battles on August 6, 1914 near the village of Kaushen. The cavalry guards attacked the enemy in cavalry formation, but the German artillery set up a powerful fire screen.
Then the cornet Veselovsky shouted to the soldiers: "The cavalry guards do not leave at a gallop!" These words were enough to dismount, the guards again went to the enemy. Ahead of the chains with a drawn sword was the commander of the regiment, Major General Prince Alexander Dolgorukov.
On the roads of the First World War, the regiment will pass from the Augustow and Kozlovo-Rudsky forests to Warsaw, Petrakov and Sventsyan, several times change its subordination, which sometimes defied any logic.
On March 5, 1917, the regiment received a telegram about the abdication of the emperor. The guardsmen did not have to fight anymore - a revolution begins in the country ...

P.S. And more from history. Decree on the occasion of the evening party in Poland:

On the occasion of the appointed date at the Polish Prince Sangushsky ball and invitations to such a meeting of the Headquarters and Ober-Officers of the regiment entrusted to me, I order to accept the following for leadership and immediate execution: All Headquarters and Ober-Officers to be dressed in a new dress uniform with signs, scarves and knapsacks.

To appear at the ball of the Polish prince at exactly 8 o'clock. evenings.

Arriving at the ball to inspect the serviceability of their ammunition, so that the naked body could not be seen through the gaps in seductive places.

When you come to rest, do not blow your nose on the floor, but have whole handkerchiefs for that.

Do not make obscene inscriptions on the walls of the chambers and do not draw seductive members of the human body.

When the Polish women come, behave as modestly as possible. Do not turn your ass to the face of the ladies, do not keep your hands in the pockets of your pantaloons when talking with beautiful gentry, and do not play up your members.

During dances and contredances, do not expose your ladies' legs to fall, do not put them on your knees and do not feel the ladies by the asses.

Do not get drunk in buffets, do not spit in the corners of the rooms and do not blow your fingers with your fingers.

During dinner at the table, do not utter filthy words and do not put members in the hands of neighboring ladies under the table. After dinner, don’t go to the balcony to shit, but go to the latrine for this.

When parting with the ladies, bow three times in the French manner and generally behave decently during the ball, as befits an educated Russian officer. "

“We do not strive to be the first, but we will not allow anyone to be better than us” - these words of Count A.I. Musin-Pushkin could well become the motto of the cavalry guards. Created by Peter the Great, this privileged regiment did not become just a "parade army". He earned his honor and glory on the battlefields, and many cavalry guard officers served Russia in the peaceful field as well.

“Regimental traditions provided for a certain equality in relations between officers, regardless of their title. Putting on the uniform of a regiment, everyone became a full member of it, just like in some aristocratic club ”(from the memoirs of the cavalry guard Count A. A. Ignatiev).
Count Matvey Yurievich Vielgorsky (1794-1866)
Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (1798-1870)
“The way of regimental life was influenced by the fact that some old Russian families, like the Sheremetevs, Gagarins, Musin-Pushkins, Arapovs, Pashkovs, had a tradition to serve from generation to generation in this regiment. On the day of the centennial regimental anniversary, a group was photographed on this occasion, in the first row of which sat the fathers, former commanders and officers of the regiment, and in the second row stood one and two of their sons ”(from the memoirs of the cavalry guard Count A. A. Ignatiev).

Knight's Guard

My acquaintance with the cavalry guards began with a song. Yes, yes, from the same “Songs of the Cavalier Guard” from the movie “Star of Captivating Happiness”. Interestingly, in the poetry collections of Bulat Okudzhava, the first line sounds like this: “Cavalry guard s, the century is short, and therefore it is so sweet, ”in the songbooks, another option is more common:“ Cavalier Guard a the age is short ... ". Just one letter, but how the meaning changes! From an abstract reflection on the short duration of life to a very accurate description of the attitude of a person who risks himself every day and is always ready to die.

Who are these people, to whom the "short age" seemed sweet? Who are these mythical heroes who agreed to such conditions and connected their fate with the "knight's guard"?

Let's start with history.

For the first time, cavalry guards appeared with us in 1724 as an honorary escort of Empress Catherine I, on the day of her coronation. Peter I himself became the captain of the cavalry guard, officers were generals and colonels, corporals were lieutenant colonels, and 60 privates were chosen from chief officers, and, according to contemporaries, "the most tall and prominent of the entire army."

Throughout the 18th century, this military formation changed many times: it was dissolved, then it was born again, but it always remained the most elite and privileged regiment of the Russian army, recruited mainly from the highest aristocracy. Get a grasp of their names: Yaguzhinsky, Menshikov, Buturlin, Trubetskoy, Vorontsov, Shuvalov, the Orlov brothers, Potemkin-Tavrichesky. It seems that before us is the history of Russia of that time! It turns out that the cavalry guards made Russian history? Or vice versa: did those who made history strive to try on the uniform of this brilliant regiment? Be that as it may, the cavalry guards have always retained the status of a purely Russian formation, and even during periods of the strongest European influences, they did not turn into a hired army of foreign bodyguards, as was often practiced in Europe itself. The Russian cavalry guards, which literally means “guardian horsemen”, were not only the personal guards of the emperor, but understood their duty more broadly - serving Russia, protecting the entire state.

"There is no reliable glory until blood is shed"

Elite military units have always existed. The Egyptian pharaohs and the leaders of the Aztecs had select detachments of bodyguards, the kings of Assyria and the rulers of Babylon had personal squads. The fighting corps of the peltasts in Athens, the Praetorian guards in Rome, the Skirites in Sparta - these were always the most skilled soldiers, the last trump card of any commander.

The Persian king eclipsed everyone: he had 10,000 soldiers of his personal guard in his service. They were called "atanaty", immortals - during the battle, a new one would immediately take the place of a retired warrior. For a long time they seemed invincible, they frightened the northern barbarians with their formidable appearance and bright clothes, but faltered when they met only three hundred guardsmen of King Leonidas on their way. Yes, the guard of the guard is different! Genuine guardsmen - guardsmen of the spirit, people of honor - are always few. The spirit of the guard is not born at parades and reviews, it is not acquired in palace intrigues and love adventures. Heroes are not born, heroes are raised. Okudzhava is right - to become a guardsman, you need a fight ...

The opportunity to prove to everyone that they are not a parade-court army, but a fighting unit, an army aristocracy, presented itself to the cavalry guards only in the 19th century. But what a case!

Austerlitz. His sky changed the fate of not only Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. The battle, hopelessly lost by Russia and the allies, became a field of glory for the Russian cavalry guards. Their brilliant attack, "which the French themselves were amazed at," was beautifully and accurately described by Leo Tolstoy in the novel War and Peace.

“Rostov was scared to hear later,” we read from Lev Nikolaevich, “that out of all this mass of huge handsome people, out of all these brilliant, on thousands of horses, rich young men, officers and cadets who galloped past him, only eighteen remained after the attack. human". It could not have been otherwise: to die, bloodless to be taken prisoner - yes; allow yourself to retreat - never. So it will be at Borodino, so it will be in other battles. “Learn to die,” Napoleon threw to his officers, pointing to the field of Austerlitz, snow-white from the cavalry guard uniforms.

Regimental legends say that Napoleon, who was touring the battlefield, had the imprudence to joke about the "beardless boys" who died in a fruitless attack. This attack of the emperor was answered by a young cornet, the son of General Sukhtelen. Taking a step out of a group of wounded cavalry guards, he said in perfect French: “Youth does not interfere with being brave!”

Later, all generations of cavalry guards will learn from this phrase and they will learn their lessons of courage, contempt for death, insolence and chivalry perfectly. A hundred years after the Napoleonic Wars, on the battlefields of the First World War, another cornet, Veselovsky, will remind his comrades: “The cavalry guards do not gallop away!” And this phrase will be enough for the squadrons to complete the forced maneuver emphatically calmly, with a step, not paying attention to the heavy fire of the German artillery. The traditions of the regiment are above all!

"In vain peaceful fun ..."

Not intentionally! The cavalry guards did not live by a single service. Many officers, having retired, played a prominent role in court and public life, became diplomats, politicians, dignitaries, and even philanthropists and musicians.

The latter refers to Count Matvey Yuryevich Vielgorsky. Dismissed from service due to illness, he, along with his brother Mikhail, devoted himself to patronage - he provided patronage to scientists, writers, artists, and especially musicians. The Vielgorsky House became an "academy of musical taste". Matvey Yuryevich himself was a talented musician, he sang well and composed plays. In his house, he assembled the first Russian quartet and played the cello himself in it. By the way, he was the owner of a priceless instrument made by Stradivarius, but, once admiring the performance of the famous cellist Davydov, he gave him his treasure without hesitation.

The violin part in the Vielgorsky Quartet was performed by Alexei Fedorovich Lvov, another cavalry guard and at the same time a talented violinist. But he became famous not for his virtuoso playing, but for writing the hymn “God Save the Tsar!” to the words of Zhukovsky. Creating a national anthem is a difficult task even for a professional composer. “I felt the need to write a majestic, strong, sensitive anthem,” Lvov wrote in his “Notes,” “understandable for everyone, having the imprint of nationality, suitable for the church, suitable for the army, suitable for the people, from a scientist to an ignoramus.” The first public performance of the anthem took place at the Bolshoi Theatre. With the first chords, all three thousand spectators rose from their seats. It was the composer's triumph.

Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the father of the famous writer, also served in the cavalry guard regiment. After retiring as a lieutenant colonel, he, according to the recollections of his relatives, actively took up farming, raised four sons and a daughter, was a kind, humane landowner who cared about the well-being of his peasants. Lev Nikolaevich gave the features of his father in "War and Peace" to Nikolai Rostov.

The Guard is dying, but not surrendering!

to the magazine "Man Without Borders"

The cavalry guards are representatives of one of the most privileged regiments of the Russian Empire. He brought up many famous people in his ranks, such as:

• Denis Davydov - hero of the war with Napoleon and poet;
• Ivan Annenkov and Sergei Volkonsky - Decembrists;
• and Georges Dantes - the killers of Mikhail Lermontov and Alexander Pushkin;
• Alexander Ypsilanti - leader of the revolution in Greece;
• Mikhail Skobelev - general, hero of the war with the Turks;
• Pavel Skoropadsky - Hetman of Ukraine;
• Carl Gustaf is the President of Finland.

When was the regiment created and what were its functions?

The meaning of the concept

Cavalierguard is a name consisting of two French words: "cavalier" - "rider", and "guard" - "guard". The military association belonged to the heavy cavalry. Their weapons, uniforms and equipment were minor modifications of the cuirassiers.

Appearance in the Russian Empire

The cavalry guards are the officers or soldiers of the unit, which appeared in 1724 as an honorary guard of the empress. It was formed for the date of her coronation. The post of captain was assumed by Peter I. For Catherine 1, sixty of the tallest people were selected. The division was disbanded after the end of the coronation.

History of transformations

In 1726, Catherine 1 temporarily restored the cavalry guard. Elizabeth I and Catherine II did the same in their time. But these units were not military, they were an imperial escort or a noble guard.

The cavalry guard corps was established in 1799 by Paul I. It consisted of 189 nobles. The sovereign decided to create a corps that would really serve. So he wanted to attract noble youth to military affairs.

In 1800, the corps was transformed into the Cavalier Guard Regiment. The new part no longer had the previous privileges and began to be completed not only by nobles, but also by tall stately peasants or soldiers. Under Alexander I, the regiment was increased to 991 people.

Baptism of fire

In 1805, the Guards heavy cavalry took place and showed itself in it from the best side. The cavalry guards managed to come to the aid of the Russian guards infantry in time, which was pinned down by superior French forces.

As a result of the battle, the fourth squadron of cavalry guards was almost completely destroyed. 18 people survived. In total, during the battle, out of 800 people, 26 officers and 226 soldiers were lost.

The regiment distinguished itself in 1807 at the Battle of Heilsberg. He came to the aid of the vanguard of General Bagration.

Battle of Borodino

During the Patriotic War, the regiment was held in reserve by command. The cavalry guards were the elite of the Russian cavalry. Therefore, it was used only in special cases. It was the same in 1812 during the Battle of Borodino.

The cavalry guards were brought in at the most dramatic moment of the battle. The guards rushed to attack the Polish lancers and Saxon cuirassiers. At this moment, the buckshot hit the head of the commander of the cavalry guards Levenvolde. The death of the colonel did not affect the attack, the enemy was crushed. The pursuit led to the fact that a hundred cavalrymen got too close to the superior enemy forces. They decided to join the battle, which frightened the enemy troops. This allowed them to return to their regiment without loss.

In the battle of Borodino, the cavalry guards lost 14 officers and about 90 soldiers.

The regiment took part in other significant battles of the Napoleonic wars, including those outside Russia.

Then for 100 years it was in a relatively peaceful state. For the last 36 years of its existence, Maria Fedorovna, the wife of Alexander III, was considered the chief of the regiment.

Participation in the First World

Even under Nicholas I, there was a certain selection in the regiment. Soldiers and officers were supposed to be blond with gray or blue eyes. Their horses were selected depending on the squadron:

• the first - light bay horses without marks;
• the second - bay horses with marks;
• the third - bay horses without marks;
• the fourth - dark bay horses without marks.

Such recruitment was preserved until the end of the history of the cavalry guards. The tragic events of the First World War brought this end closer. It started in 1914. The regiment was immediately sent to the front. The first battle took place near the village of Kaushen. It was the East Prussian operation.

The battle started badly for the Russians, as the Germans used artillery for which the horses were not prepared. The riders had to dismount and attack the enemy with carbines with bayonets. They managed to put the enemy to flight, but the price of this victory was too high. The cavalry guards lost a significant part of the officers.

In 1916, the regiment took part in battles on different fronts. They had to change from white uniforms to uniforms of a protective tone, instead of riding they were engaged in digging and crawling. The war strategy was changing and required new tactics.

They took part in the decisive Brusilov breakthrough. It became the last combat mission of the brave regiment. When in 1917 Nicholas II abdicated the throne, the cavalry guards began to guard the railway stations. Soon the Bolsheviks fired the officers of the regiment.

After the February Revolution

The Bolsheviks, having come to power, disbanded the regiment. But the cavalry guards did not cease to exist. Most of the officers took the side of the white movement, fighting for almost 3 years. They tried to stay together. The combat biography of the officers ended in 1920, when they emigrated from Russia through the Crimea.

Being in exile, the officers of the cavalry guard created their own organization called the "Cavalier Guard Family". Their society helped needy officers, published its own annual magazine, which was published for 30 years - until 1968.

Her Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna's Cavalier Guard Regiment

Seniority of the regiment - 01/11/1799 Regimental holiday - September 5, the day of St. Zacharias and Elizabeth.

The lower ranks of the regiment were recruited from tall blue-eyed and gray-eyed beardless blonds. The general regimental suit of horses is bay. The suits differed by squadrons: 1st squadron - light bay without marks, 2nd squadron - bay with marks, 3rd squadron - bay without marks, 4th squadron - dark bay without marks. The color of the weather vane is white with red.

03/30/1724 - Peter I ordered the Major General Lefort to form in Moscow for the coronation celebrations from the army and supernumerary officers in the amount of 50 drabants ( cavalry guard). The title of captain of the company was taken by Peter I, captain-lieutenant - Yaguzhinsky.

05/26/1724 - the cavalry guards were disbanded and handed over their uniforms to the Moscow uniform office.

04/30/1726 - The Highest ordered to re-form cavalry guard, under the same conditions as under Peter I, and issue uniforms from the Moscow uniform office to the cavalry guards. Staff: lieutenant (with the rank of lieutenant general), cornet (with the rank of major general), sergeant major (with the rank of colonel), 3 corporals (with the rank of lieutenant colonels), 60 privates (with the rank of captains).

12.1726 - The cavalry guard is formed.

1728 - staff: lieutenant commander, lieutenant, non-commissioned lieutenant, sergeant major, 3 corporals, 3 vice-corporals (with the rank of majors), 72 privates and a clerk.

July 7, 1731 - The cavalry guard was disbanded.

1742 - The cavalry guard was restored to participate in the coronation celebrations of the Imp. Elizabeth Petrovna. The ranks are not recruited from the life campaign.

03/21/1762 - The cavalry guard was disbanded.

07/06/1762 - The cavalry guard was restored.

03/24/1764 - Cavalry Corps, new states are given.

1796 - ordered to form a new Cavalier Guard Squadron. Officers and half of the lower ranks are separated from the Life Guards of the Horse Regiment

12/31/1796 - it was ordered to form two more Cavalier Guard squadrons from 500 ranks of all regiments of the guard.

01/26/1797 - the staff of cavalry guards was approved.

07/20/1797 - the regiment was reorganized into 5 squadrons.

09/21/1797 - the regiment was disbanded, part of the personnel was transferred to other regiments, part was dismissed from service.

01/11/1799 - established Cavalry Corps. Officers and non-commissioned officers were personally appointed by Emperor Paul I, Count Litte was instructed to recruit privates from non-commissioned officers of the nobles of all parts of the guard.

04/06/1799 - the staff of the corps was established: chief - in the rank of full general, commander - in the rank of major general, 2 colonels, 1 captain, 2 cornets, 9 non-commissioned officers (one of them is a sergeant major), 75 cavalry guards, 1 timpani player , 4 trumpeters, 32 non-combatants of various ranks. All non-commissioned officers and privates from the nobility.

01/11/1800 - The cavalry guard corps was reorganized into Cavalier Guard Regiment with the rights of regiments of the guard.

05/16/1800 - the staff of the regiment was approved, consisting of: 1 general, 3 colonels, 20 chief officers, 42 non-commissioned officers, 284 cavalry guards, 7 trumpeters, 116 non-combatants.

03/14/1804 - the regiment was reorganized into 5 squadrons.

05/26/1804 - a reserve squadron was formed.

11/8/1810 - the reserve battalion was disbanded to strengthen the existing ones.

12/27/1812 - the regiment was reorganized into 6 active and one reserve squadrons.

08/22/1831 -.

05/2/1832 - new states of the regiment were approved with the previous composition of 6 active and 1 reserve squadrons.

04/06/1836 - the Guards reserve squadron No. 1 was established and assigned to the regiment. The 7th reserve squadron was named the 7th reserve.

01/25/1842 - for reserve troops, it was ordered to have 8 squadrons in the cadre of indefinitely leave lower ranks.

07/26/1852 - the staff of the regiment was approved in 6 active and 2 reserve squadrons.

09/18/1856 - the staff of the regiment was approved in 4 active and one reserve No. 5 squadrons.

11/6/1860 - Cavalier Guard Regiment

12/29/1863 - The 5th reserve squadron was expelled to the Guards reserve cavalry brigade and named the reserve squadron of the Cavalier Guard Regiment (no number)

08/04/1864 - the reserve squadron was assigned to the regiment.

12/24/1866 - the new states of the regiment were approved as part of 4 active squadrons and the regulation on reserve squadrons.

07/27/1875 - the reserve squadron was renamed the reserve.

March 2, 1881 - Her Majesty's Cavalier Guard Regiment.

08/06/1883 - the reserve squadron was reorganized into the personnel department

11/2/1894 - Her Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna's Cavalier Guard Regiment

11/12/1914-01/22/1915 - As part of the Guards Cuirassier Division.
March 4, 1917 - Cavalier Guard Regiment.

02.-03.1918 - the actual disbandment of the regiment in Livny, Oryol province.
The officers of the regiment in the autumn of 1918 served mainly in the Circassian Cavalry Division. From the end of 10.1918, the cavalry guards made up a platoon (from 01.1919, a squadron) of a team of mounted scouts of the Consolidated Guards Regiment. From 03/24/1919, the squadron of the regiment (18 officers), and then the division was part of the Consolidated Regiment of the Guards Cuirassier Division (from 06/19/1919 - the 1st Guards Cuirassier Regiment), where in 07.1919 the cavalry guards were represented by two squadrons . The third squadron, formed in Lubny, joined the regiment on 12/12/1919. On 12/15/1919, the squadron of the regiment was part of the Consolidated Guards Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division and the Consolidated Cavalry Brigade, and upon arrival in the Crimea from 05/01/1920. became the 1st squadron of the Guards Cavalry Regiment. The regiment lost 16 officers in the White movement (7 were shot, 5 were killed and 4 died of disease). Regimental association in exile - "Cavalry Guard Family". In 1938-1968. published on the rotator the annual magazine "Bulletin of the cavalry guard family", in 1951 there were 59 people. (Volkov's data)

Has the Church of St. Zacharias and Elisabeth of Her Majesty the Empress Maria Feodorovna of the Cavalry Guards and a field church.

Listen to the march of the regiment:

March kindly providedViktor Sokovnin, from his own archive.

Packing features:

After the death of Prince Potemkin, the Chef's vacancy remained unfilled for 2 years.

On October 21, 1793, General Feldzeugmeister Zubov was appointed Chief of the Cavalry Guards, and the former under Potemkin, Prince Dmitriev-Mamonov, was left as Lieutenant.

In this composition, the Cavalry Guards remained, throughout the entire Reign; after HER death, they daily kept 16 guards at the body of the deceased EMPLOYEES, participated in the funeral procession, and after that, after 6 weeks after HER death, they were promoted and fluffed up, who wished for what kind of service. At the same time, PAVEL 1 ordered Count Musin-Pushkin to recruit a special Cavalier Guard squadron, all of whose officers and half of the lower ranks were selected from the Horse Life Guards.

1796 December 31. It was ordered to send 500 non-commissioned officers from all regiments of the Guard to Count Musin-Pushkin to form two new Cavalier Guard squadrons.

January 26, 1797. Their staff was approved: Chief from the Generalitat, to him at the Headquarters-General or. 3 headquarters officers for commanding squadrons, 3 captains, 3 headquarters captains, 6 lieutenants, 6 cornets, 3, 3 standard junkers, 54 non-commissioned officers and 600 cavalry guards - all of noble origin.

1797 Cavalier Guard squadrons, together with the Horse Guards, participated in all the coronation ceremonies in the month of March and during the stay of the Imperial Family in Moscow kept the internal Palace guards. July 23 - of the same year, together three squadrons were divided into five, and on September 21 they were disbanded into other regiments and partly dismissed from service altogether.

Cavalier Guards in different years:

	Cavalry guard under Peter II, 1727-30.		Cavalier Guards under the Empress, 1742

1800 January 11, it was ordered to reorganize Cavalry Corps in the three-squadron Cavalier Guard on the same position as the regiments of the Guard, without assigning him the former advantage of being composed of nobles. All non-commissioned officers and privates from the nobles who served in the corps were released, at their request, to another type of service by chief officer ranks. On May 16, the staff was approved: General, 3 Colonels, 20 chief officers, 42 non-commissioned officers, 284 cavalry guards, 7 trumpeters and non-combatants of various ranks and ranks 116.

1804 March 14. A new staff of five squadrons was approved. On May 26, the Reserve Squadron was established.

1864 August 4. The reserve squadron was assigned to, and the Directorate of the Guards Reserve Brigade was abolished.

December 24, 1866. Approved: a new staff of 4 active squadrons and regulations on reserve squadrons.

Cavalier Guards in different years:

Cavalier Guards in different years:

1918 In February-March, the actual disbandment took place in Livny, Oryol province.

Since 1917

THE HIGHEST PERSONS IN THE REGIMENT:

THERE WERE IN THE SHELF:

SERVED IN THE REGIMENT:

PARTICIPATION IN CAMPAIGNS AND CASES AGAINST THE ENEMY.

Davydov Evdokim Vasilyevich, captain of the Kavalergardsky. Wounded on August 26 at Borodino below the knee of the right leg. Kablukov Platon Ivanovich, Colonel of Kavalergardsky. Wounded by a saber in the hand on August 26 at Borodino. Levashov Konstantin Vasilyevich, staff captain of the Kavalergardsky. Wounded October 12 at Maloyaroslavets. He died of a wound on May 15, 1813 in the Kurmysh district. Levenvold Karl Karlovich, colonel, commander of the cavalry guard. Killed on August 26 at Borodino. Okunev Grigory Alexandrovich, Kavalergardsky (as part of the Consolidated Cuirassier). Wounded on October 6 at: received several blows with broadswords in the head. Orlov Grigory Fedorovich, lieutenant of Kavalergardsky. Wounded on August 26 at Borodino: his leg was torn off by a cannonball. Pashkov Alexander Vasilyevich, Kavalergardsky. He was shell-shocked on August 26 at Borodino in the lower back by a cannonball. Rimsky-Korsakov Pavel Alexandrovich, staff captain of the Cavalier Guard. Killed on August 26 at Borodino. Church of St. Zacharias and Elisabeth of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Maria Feodorovna's Cavalier Guard Regiment. Church of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Exterior view of the Church of St. Righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth, when she moved into the jurisdiction, was very unpretentious. It was a small stone church with a wooden dome and bell tower. The service was performed in the aisle church until 1855, when it was decided to destroy the aisle church in order to increase the premises of the church, and its iconostasis, built from icons stored at the regimental church and no one knows which field church, was donated to the newly built church of the village of Dolotsky (Petersburg province.) in the estate of the August Chief Alexandra Feodorovna. The external view of the Kavalergardsky Church remained almost unchanged all the time, while its internal view was subjected to frequent alterations. The overhaul of the church was made in 1897-1898. Protopresbyter A. A. Zhelobovsky (who served in the church of Kavalergardsky from 1869 to 1882) gave the first idea about the resumption of the temple. At the beginning of 1896, a commission was formed consisting of commander A. A. Grinwald, regimental priest M. N. Lebedev, staff officers and squadron commanders, with the most active participation of Protopresbyter A. A. Zhelobovsky. The commission was appointed to the church church lieutenant V. N. Voeikov. Thanks to the generous donations received from the Sovereign Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich (6000 rubles), the August Chief - Empress Maria Feodorovna (4000 rubles), former officers who were in the service at that time, as well as various institutions and individuals - all for perestroika church it was possible to spend 180,990 rubles. 92 kop. To increase the church, ledges were added on the southern and northern sides, the western side was lengthened, the altar and sacristy were enlarged, convenient entrances were arranged: to the altar, the church and a special one, from the north side. Conducted water heating. Restored, correcting the gilding, the iconostasis. The parquet floors are made in the church and the altar, while the rest is made of stone. The rebuilt church has the shape of a cross, with ledges to the north and south sides, and can accommodate up to 1500 worshipers. The original feature of the church is its sloping floor, which gradually lowers to the altar, which makes it possible for those praying at the end of the temple to see the entire service. In addition to the artistic iconostasis, the following images attract attention: 1) Savior, written on an oval gold board; all around is a brilliant radiance, with a particle of the Lord's Robe. A particle of the Lord's Robe is in a golden ark, in the lower part of the icon, and is covered with a large amethyst. On the back there is an inscription: "This holy icon belongs to Her Imperial Majesty Maid of Honor Anna Vasilievna Saltykova. May 29, 1704, in this place a part of the Robe of Christ Our God is placed." This precious icon is enclosed in a silver case with glass and was donated to the action. Art. owls. Sergei Sergeevich Saltykov in prayerful memory of his son S. S. Saltykov, who served in Kavalergardsky; under the image hangs a silver cross with particles of the relics of Sts. Saints of God, and on it the following inscription: "The relics of St. Nicholas and Sergius the Wonderworker, St. Martyr George and Demetrius of Thessalonica, Lazar Chet. and Ignatius the God-bearer, St. Leonty of Rostov and John the Merciful, St. Alexis and John of Moscow Miracles. ", 2) The Vladimir icon of the Mother of God, painted on wood, in a gilded silver chasuble with aureoles, is richly decorated with pearls and other precious stones. On the reverse side there is an inscription: "This miraculous icon of the Vladimir Mother of God from time immemorial belonged to the eldest in the family of the Princes of the Great Gagins, with the care of which it was decorated with a rich silver salary, with gilding, stones and pearls; after the suppression of the names of these Princes, the Dowager Princess Evdokia Feodorovna, daughter of Bolyarin Theodore Petrovich Saltykov, blessed with this icon the big son of her brother Vasily Feodorovich, Pyotr Vasilyevich Saltykov, by whose order, this icon was renewed by his son with a large addition of decoration with silver, pearl stones and the position of a part of the robe of Jesus Christ in the panagia; Her Majesty the Great Catherine II Valid Chamberlain Vasily Petrovich Saltykov in the summer of the Nativity of Christ 1789 in the capital city of Moscow. May this icon be a blessing to the eldest in the family and the generations of our offspring " 3) the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands, written on wood, in a narrow silver frame. This icon was granted in 1679 by Tsar Feodor Alekseevich to deacon Andrei Vinius. This image was donated by the cavalry guard F. I. Ladyzhensky. At the bottom of the image is an inscription; "This Image of Jesus of the Word of God of September 26, 7092, at the request of the Great Sovereign Tsar John Vasilyevich from Caesar Rudolf, was decorated with silver gilding according to the custom of the Greeks. Decommissioned from the existing image, which from the very Creator of Our Jesus to Ephesus, according to Avgar, was sent to the south and now in Rome and testifies to this by a letter in the embassy order and after the departure of the life of this Sovereign, his son Theodore Ioannovich was given to the royal palaces and then to the cell of His Holiness Patriarch Filaret Nikitich and after his death was given to the icon-keeper of the royal palaces testifies to the inventory of the patriarchal treasury order " 4) mosaic image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The history of this image is as follows: when Nikolai Pavlovich was in Rome and examined the mosaic images of saints, he asked Pope Gregory XVI to allow him to send Russian artists to learn this art. The first image compiled by Russian artists from foreign mosaics, the image of St. Nicholas, is an exact copy of the image of St. Nicholas, located in Bari, (placed in the chapel on the Nikolaevsky bridge). The same image was first created in Russia by Russian artists from Russian mosaics; kept at the Academy of Arts. Sovereign Nikolai Alexandrovich, in memory of his visit to the Kavalergardsky Church on the day of its consecration, and deigned to bring this image as a gift to the regimental church, 5) the image of the Sign of the Mother of God, in a silver-gilded riza, according to the hallmark of 1774. The clothes of the Mother of God are richly studded with pearls. In the altar, the main attention is drawn to the Holy See, in a silver robe of Faberge's artistic chased work; a garment for the centenary was donated by Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna and Prince Felix Feliksovich Yusupov, c. Sumarokov-Elston. The throne is set on a stone granite foundation, lined above the floor with Kyiv porphyry. The altar is made of white Italian marble, the work of the sculptor Botta. Above the altar is built St. Antimins from the side-altar church abolished in 1856 in honor of St. Ap. and the Evangelist John the Theologian, who served as a priest in the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, but when and by whom exactly he was consecrated is unknown, since the inscriptions have been erased from time to time. In the sacristy are kept: 8 Gospels, 5 crosses *), Holy Vessels (there is a chalice with a stamp, "1756"), and och. many expensive vestments for the clergy. Of the latter, the most attention is drawn to themselves: 1) jubilee vestments trimmed with cavalry guard silver galloon, and vestments donated by Prince Baryatinsky, commander N. N. Shipov, cavalry guard A. N. Bezak, and so on. Note:*) Deserves in its antiquity a silver cross with the Holy relics: St. John the Baptist, Great Martyr. Barbara, St. Bishop Simon, Rev. Macarius, Anatoly, Abraham, Onesiphorus and with a particle of the girdle of the Mother of God. At the bottom of the handle is the inscription: "This life-giving Cross of the Lord was built for the church of St. and Righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth, which is in the spare yard, in the summer of 1754." In terms of wealth, the regimental church occupies one of the best churches in St. Petersburg. In memory of the comrades who valiantly fought under their standards in the war of 1812 and laid down their lives for the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland, their regimental colleagues placed a silver plaque, with fittings, on a marble pedestal; the names of the killed and wounded officers are inscribed on the board, as well as the number of killed and wounded lower ranks. The church is illuminated with electricity. According to the state, the church is assigned: a priest, a protodeacon and a psalmist. UNIFORM FEATURES: Ceremonial helmet of the lower ranks of the Life Guards Cavalry Guards or the Life Guards Cuirassier for the last reign. The brass sphere with a visor and a type-setting butt plate is equipped with a white cupronickel device, which is unique to these two shelves. Decorative rivets are also cupronickel. White-orange-black side cockade of the lower ranks in the original colorful coating. A Guards star and a leather strap with white two-scalloped scales are installed on the helmet. The eagle mounted on the helmet has been restored - there are numerous traces of rations. However, the original silver plating has been partially preserved, the rivets fastening it to the base have been replaced. The balaclava has also been restored. A bronze cuirass with a red cord along the edging, worn in dress uniform by officers of the Life Guards of the Cavalry Guards and the Life Guards of the Cavalry Regiments. The cuirass consists of two halves - the breastplate and the back, lined from the inside with elk skin. Both plates are fastened together with leather shoulder straps, sheathed in red cloth and covered on the front side with typesetting four-scalloped scales with figured clasps. Red leather waist belt with brass buckle restored. The gilding was almost not preserved, the cuirass was cleaned many times. BATTLE LOSSES: Officer and privates of Her Majesty's Cavalry Guards under Sovereign Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich. 1851