This century has made some very important adjustments to the scheme we have drawn for previous centuries. The impossible pressure exerted on the masses of working people in the past has been greatly weakened. AT Western world there is the highest level of satisfaction of the needs associated with the provision of vital needs in the entire history of mankind. Productivity is high, but poverty is relatively rare. The intrusive prescriptions of Poor Richard have lost much of their force. Meanwhile, the ever-increasing complexity of social organization and the discrepancy between the official ideology, which emphasizes benefactors more appropriate for life on the frontier, and the realities of civilized society, lead to the emergence of countless social ailments. What are those social diseases, the description of which is given to us by critics modern society? The first and most important, from the point of view of the critics of modern society, is the alienation of the individual from the groups of which he is a member. There are several reasons for this. One of them is the very discrepancy between the official ideology and the realities of life, which has already been mentioned. We are deeply indebted to Emile Durkheim for artfully articulating this conflict. The state of an individual who has high ideals and a strong sense of ethics, but is forced to compromise internal ethical norms and ideals in everyday life, he called the term "anomia" (absence of norms or guidelines). When such a gap arises between values and life realities, the result is a feeling of lack of roots and isolation from other people. The weakening of the bonds that bind people may have a different source than the anomie described by Durkheim. A typical analysis of these causes can be found in the works of both the psychoanalyst Erich Fromm [17] and the political scientist Sebastian DeGrazia. In their descriptions of the contemporary setting, the sheer scale and complexity of our urban civilization may intensify feelings of disunity in people. But, besides this, another evil force that emasculates the significance of relationships between people is a way of coordinating and managing social activity. In less complex communities, the coordination and management of social processes are based on direct face-to-face interaction between people. The workshops of a craft guild or the domain of a feudal baron were governed by authority vested either in the chief master of the guild or in the baron himself. The source of the power of the master was his professional skill, the power of the baron stemmed from his family tree. In our more complex times, the personal power of the boss is being replaced by the power of bureaucratic law. With such a system of distribution of power, people are given them not on the basis of personal merit or individual qualities, but depending on the office they occupy. The manifestations of these powers are too seldom based on judgment. If the power of a particular individual is based on a legal law, then the exercise of this power is regulated in the most rigid way by a set of predetermined rules established by the bureaucracy. Developing close ties between the power holder and his follower becomes difficult, at best these relationships are aimed at real work.
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What do you associate with the concept of robotics? Agree, the imagination draws something humanoid, with mechanical arms and legs, or arachnid, and also, the famous robot dog is sure to appear. In a word, the idea of robots for many is rather narrow and one-sided.
In fact, in the modern world, robots are quite in demand. They are used in completely different areas of life, which many may not even be aware of.
The medicine
In the most amazing way, robots save human lives, and sometimes lives. You may not know, but modern prosthetic limbs are directly related to robotics. motionless artificial hands remained in the distant past, the current prostheses are able to move their fingers. Their control is directly related to the electrical impulses transmitted by the body.
However, artificial limbs are not the only merit of robots in medicine. The most advanced specimens are able to carry out high-tech operations!
Space
Probably, no one will have any doubts that space seems to be intended for robots to live. Indeed, if you look at the history of space exploration, you can see that most of the space research fell on the shoulders of robots. Lunokhod, Mars rover and robot avatar are the most famous of space robots. In fact, there are quite a few varieties of them, all of them are designed to work in space and perform actions that would be unbearable or extremely dangerous for a person.
Security systems
Robotic systems are excellent in the field of security. These robots are the first to detect fire hazards and successfully prevent them.
Modern military exercises are as close as possible to the conditions of reality, thanks to robots that imitate the enemy. Robots for military exercises do not differ in stylish design, but mimic human impulses and habits quite well.
Also, robots are able to conduct long-term tracking of objects that are suspicious of law enforcement agencies.
Production and life
It is impossible to imagine modern factories without robotic technology. Robots perform many different tasks. Basically, these are actions that require repeated repetition and high accuracy. Often, the use of robots saves entire industries. After all, their use can significantly increase labor productivity, while freeing up human resources for solving more important tasks.
Robots are perfectly applicable in everyday life. The most famous of them are the robot vacuum cleaner and the lawn mower. Also, you can find robots specially designed to perform more complex household tasks.
Entertainment
And of course, no one canceled the robots, designed to bring joy to people, entertaining them with their skills. For the most part, such robots represent the world of children's toys: all kinds of singing and dancing animals, interactive toys, radio-controlled cars and helicopters. However, robots for the entertainment of adults differ from those for children, except perhaps in size.
ESSAY
The role of bibliography in the modern world
Introduction
Historically, the original forms of bibliographic information appeared in ancient times. All of them were created by people. Consequently, bibliographic activity arose with bibliographic information. At first, bibliographic activity was of an unprofessional, random, episodic nature. It was practiced by scholars, writers, monks, librarians, publishers, and booksellers, incidentally and in connection with their main occupations. Often, for these purposes, simply literate people were involved, who made up “inventories”, “inventories”, “registers” of book collections. But over time, bibliography begins to separate, develop its own methods and rules for the bibliographic description of books, and, finally, stands out as a special area of professional human activity. This process has historically been long and complex.
At present, up to 3 million articles in 35,000 scientific and technical journals and over 150,000 new scientific books are published annually in the world. In addition, over the past century, a huge number of books, brochures, magazines, newspapers, and other types of printed materials and handwritten materials have been accumulated, reflecting the development of science, technology, and culture.
How this rapidly growing wealth is stored and used will determine further progress. How can such wealth be used? After all, literally on every issue today there are already a lot of sources and every day there are more and more of them - printing press world civilization is not only not tired, but is gaining more and more strength.
This is where the bibliography comes in.
In writing my work, I turned to a number of sources, where some attention is paid to the role of bibliography in the modern world.
Tutorial A.V. Kirilenko “Fundamentals of information culture. Bibliography” issue 1 contains basic information about information and the information society.
In addition, one of the main sources for writing his work was a textbook - bibliography. The textbook contains descriptions of the experience of the bibliographic work of libraries, describes the practice of applying the latest information technologies. The textbook provides a great opportunity for the study of bibliographic activities.
1.
Information in the modern world
Mankind has entered the 21st century at a new stage in its development - the stage of the information society. An avalanche-like growth in the volume of information, its qualitative changes, the development of information technologies - all this led to qualitative changes in society itself. Now information, knowledge, technologies are becoming the most demanded goods. The level of a country's development is largely determined by the level of its informatization, which, above all, ensures its prosperity and competitiveness. Under these conditions, the importance of the ability to create, consume and disseminate information, the ability to correctly navigate the flow of information increases, the importance of the information culture of a person increases.
The most obvious manifestation of information change in the modern world is its quantitative growth. Precise estimates of this growth are difficult. But it is quite clear that it is exponential. This phenomenon of rapid growth in the volume of information is called the "information explosion".
It is even more important to note that in the era of computerization of society and the introduction of information technologies, information is changing qualitatively, i.e. its content and structure change.
From the point of view of changing the content of information, the following points can be distinguished:
)The information resources of society are expanding, new information products and services are emerging, )There is an internationalization and globalization of information, )The rate of aging and, accordingly, the updating of information increases, )The differentiation and specialization of information is greatly increased. The quantitative and qualitative change in information, based on computerization and the introduction of new information technologies, accelerated and, to a large extent, predetermined the qualitative changes in human society that occurred at the end of the 20th century. 2.
"Information explosion" and "information crisis"
The "information explosion" - a phenomenon that has already been mentioned, in addition to a huge positive effect, also gave rise to serious problems, the complex of which was called the "information crisis". One of them is the abundance of redundant information, which makes it difficult to access the necessary information. Another problem lies in the contradiction between the limitations of a person's ability to perceive and consume information and the growth of the information flow. A person is often unable to find and use all the information that is useful to him on the issue of interest to him because of its abundance and is forced to limit himself, making a choice in favor of the most important information. Moreover, sometimes it is difficult to make such a choice. In the era of the growing integration of human society and the internationalization and globalization of information, numerous political, legal and economic barriers are increasingly felt that impede access to the necessary information, which sometimes presents a significant problem for scientists, entrepreneurs, artists, etc. The information deficit is very diverse, and its structure varies among people of different professions, different social and age groups, it differs among scientists involved in different scientific fields, etc., not to mention individual differences. However, in general, it can be reduced to three main types: factual, conceptual and documentary. A factual information deficit is a lack of factual information, i.e. specific information about specific real-life or existing objects, processes or phenomena. Satisfying the factual deficit involves turning to full-text sources of information, but not for the exact content of this particular source or part of it, but in order to extract the required information from it. The end result of a search aimed at satisfying the factual deficit is a found concrete fact. These are biographical data, information about historical and political events, economic and statistical data, the meanings of terms and words, formulas. Conceptual information deficit is a lack of generalizing information. The end result of the search aimed at satisfying the conceptual deficit is the found conceptual or methodological information. These are concepts, theories, hypotheses, methods, programs. The search for such information sometimes requires the involvement of a large number of sources, and the final result of the search may be contained in parts in different sources or not contained anywhere and be reconstructed on the basis of the sources found. Documentary information deficit is the lack of specific documents. It occurs in the absence of a document whose content is directive and cannot be formulated differently, or the desired document is unique in content. The end result of a search aimed at satisfying the documentary deficit is a specific document found. These are legislative acts, regulations, instructions, standards, rules, etc., these are the most rated works in this field, the knowledge of which is impossible to do without, these are dissertations and scientific reports, as well as any other documents, information from which cannot be obtained in another way. An extreme case of documentary shortage is the lack of a specific copy of the document. Ways to meet the information deficit are different, but their essence is reduced to the search and subsequent use of the necessary information, and all the variety of ways can be reduced to satisfying the information deficit using traditional sources of information. The most important part of the search for information is the bibliographic list. bibliography information society 3.
Significance and role of bibliography, bibliographic search and bibliographic information in the modern world
Bibliographic search with the help of traditional sources of information has not lost its importance. Bibliography is an integral part of such a type of social activity as bookkeeping, or, taking into account modern achievements of culture and scientific and technological progress- information activity (communication, communication). Possession of information and all methods, forms and means of its production, distribution, storage and use is an objective necessity for every person, especially a specialist in the field of information, book business. Bibliographic information, like a satellite, accompanies a document along all the paths of its movement. It notifies potential consumers of the document even before its publication. On exit informs about this event. As the document circulates and its impact - reflects feedback about it. And when the active life of the document fades away, it preserves the memory of it. The memorial function of bibliographic information is extremely important in human culture. The role of bibliographic information in culture lies in the fact that it serves as a means of preserving the memory of documents, especially ancient, rare, forgotten ones, and is a means of disseminating cultural values. Being alienated from the document, bibliographic information is a means of its search and contributes to its fame and popularization. Without a bibliography, publishing, book trade, scientific information activities are not able to fully function. Finding out the role of bibliography in the modern world, first of all, we note that it functions intensively in science, where it acts as an instrument of the creative process, a kind of report and a means of measuring scientific production (bibliometrics), determining its value. Bibliographic support is included in the infrastructure of science, bibliography is considered in it as an auxiliary discipline. Bibliography is closely connected with social and humanitarian scientific disciplines, especially with textual criticism, civil history, historiography, linguistics, literary history, and semiotics. Without reliance on bibliographic resources and the application of bibliographic search methods, these disciplines cannot fully develop. Bibliography plays an important role in the development of science. Collected together and placed in the chronology of their appearance, descriptions of scientific publications provide the most valuable material for judging the history of a scientific discipline or specific problem, show bursts of interest in discoveries, methods, on the contrary, fading when the unreliability of the published data, the inapplicability of the method, etc. are revealed. Science of science, which studies sciences in general, patterns of development scientific directions and schools, based on bibliographic materials. Bibliography is closely connected with scientific, literary and, to a lesser extent, art criticism. Any product of critical activity (review, note, review) contains bibliographic information (full or brief, standard and for the most part non-standard) about works of scientific, literary, artistic creativity. Public recognition of the bibliography as a valuable component of science and culture finds a variety of expressions. In particular, this is evidenced by articles on bibliography, bibliographic institutions and prominent bibliographers in universal and branch encyclopedias. Bibliography is an integral part of such social activity as book business. A printed book is a universal means of information communication. It is no coincidence that the book is called the graphic memory of mankind, the graphic model of culture. Even in modern conditions, when the process of introducing electronic computing equipment into all areas is actively underway, it plays a dominant role, especially in the system of mass information communication, while retaining its significance in the system of special, or scientific communication. Bibliographic information acts as an intermediary in social (documentary) communications. Social communications are systems of communication, links of exchanges between people and / or societies through the exchange of documents. In these communications, bibliographic information serves as a means of overcoming barriers between documents and consumers that prevent direct exchanges of information in social communication. Physical denotes the spatial separation of documents and their consumers. Bibliographic information communicates the location of documents and thereby helps to overcome the physical barrier. The economic barrier limits access to documents due to their high cost. Bibliographic information informs about the availability of required documents in public free libraries. Socio-psychological barriers prevent the consumption of documents due to the incomprehensibility, complexity of their content, and the uncertainty of the sign system fixing their content. Bibliographic information reflects educational and popular documents. Information barriers are diverse. They are embodied mainly in various and often incompatible information retrieval languages (methods of describing documents, classification systems, thesauri). Bibliographic information "finds" correspondences of designations in national, professional and other languages and jargons or concepts and terms that are close in meaning and thereby helps to overcome information barriers. Thus, by overcoming the barriers described above, bibliographic information facilitates direct access to documents, establishing links between documents and consumers, and transforming the Document-Consumer system from confrontation into interconnection. The number of books published since the invention of the printing press cannot be counted accurately. The total volume of printed works that humanity has today has reached truly grandiose proportions. According to available estimates, it ranges from 50 to 100 million titles. Meanwhile, our physical ability to perceive information from nature is very limited. Therefore, a huge social significance the question arises: what exactly do we read, how do we select the objects of reading from the boundless arrays of documents. After all, what a person can read in his life is negligible if you randomly read everything that accidentally catches your eye, and this is a lot if reading is properly organized. According to the figurative comparison of Academician S.I. Vavilov " modern man is in front of the Himalayas of libraries in the position of a gold digger who needs to find grains of gold in a mass of sand. Therefore, we should not forget about the great importance of recommendatory bibliography, which contributes to the impact on the reader's activity of the individual. The recommendatory bibliography is today an indispensable element of all forms and stages of organized learning. It promotes the organization of independent work of students on the disciplines being studied, provides extracurricular reading for schoolchildren, no matter what training a person receives in the process of organized learning, it cannot be sufficient. Life requires constant renewal received in educational institution knowledge. We are talking about continuous education throughout a person's life, which largely depends on the proper organization of self-educational reading. The recommendatory bibliography, like criticism, is called upon to play the role of a compass in the information ocean. Conclusion
The bibliography plays a very important role in the modern world. This role of information management - managing the process of production, distribution, storage and use of social information in society. The bibliography aims to inform about existing works and their value. This is an inventory, a description of published works, regardless of what collections or libraries they are in. The bibliography serves as the source of our references to existing books and the basis of all documentation. Playing the role of an intermediary between books and readers, it is an integral part of the scientific reference apparatus, as well as a valuable component of science and culture. Thanks to the bibliography, we can comprehensively study the history of the region, region, country, etc. The value of a bibliography is important to every reader. In today's world, clear and evidence-based approaches to bibliography help to normalize and structure huge flows of information. A large role is given to the management of these flows, because influential people, political parties and movements effectively used the managerial role of bibliography in the system of the fourth power - the press (book business, information activity, spiritual communication). The conclusion can serve as the words that became the epigraph of the textbook Grechikhin A.A. "General bibliography" - "He who owns the bibliography, owns the information, who owns the information, owns the world." List of sources and literature
1.Bibliography: General course: Textbook / Ed. O.P. Korshunov. M., 1981. - S. 9-10. 2.Diamidova, G.N. Bibliography. Tutorial. [Text] / G.N. Diamidova. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. - 288 p. .Kirilenko, A.V. Fundamentals of information culture. Bibliography: Issue 1: Textbook / Raspletina E.G. - St. Petersburg: ITMO State University, 2008. - S. 6-7, 14-15. .Morgenstern, I.G. Bibliographic resources: lecture on the course "General bibliography" in the specialty 052700 - library and information activities // Morgenshtern I.G. Bibliography. - 2003. - No. 6. - S. 31-42. .Bibliographer's Handbook. [Text] / Scientific. Ed. A.N. Vaneev, V.A. Minkin. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. - 560 p.
Introduction
This work is devoted to translation in the modern world.
The purpose of this work is to familiarize with the linguistic and cultural barriers and the further development of translation in the modern world.
The objectives of this work are: 1) familiarization of language; 2) cultural barriers and consideration of the types of translations in the modern world.
The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the translation has gone through several stages in its development, but at present, preference is given to informative translation, in which the features of the individual author's style are not so significant. Also, with the development of information technology, computer programs have appeared, to simplify the translation, we should know the disadvantages and advantages of this type of translation. All these changes are related to advertising texts, which, in terms of their importance, come to a high place.
Among the numerous complex problems that modern linguistics studies, an important place is occupied by the study of the linguistic aspects of interlingual speech activity, which is called "translation" or "translation activity".
From the very beginning, translation has performed an important social function, making it possible for people to communicate across languages. The dissemination of written translations opened wide access for people to the cultural achievements of other peoples, made possible the interaction and mutual enrichment of literatures and cultures.
What is "translation" in the everyday, non-professional sense, perhaps, it is not necessary to explain. Any case where a text created in one language is re-expressed by means of another language, we call translation. At the same time, the term "text" is understood extremely broadly: it means any oral statement and any written work from the instructions for the refrigerator to the novel. However, there are also limitations: in our reasoning, we will be limited only to verbal texts in living human languages .
If we assume that language is a kind of code, i.e. arbitrary designation of objects and phenomena of reality with the help of conventional signs, then the translation can be called recoding, since each of the conventional signs is replaced during translation by a sign of another sign system.
Translation is a complex multifaceted phenomenon, some aspects of which can be the subject of research by various sciences. Within the framework of translation studies, psychological, literary, ethnographic and other aspects of translation activity are studied, as well as the history of translation activity in a particular country or countries.
The 21st century poses new challenges in the information space of mankind. Thanks to the mass media, the role of translation in the life of mankind is steadily increasing. Today, translation links cover almost all spheres of human activity. The movement of information flows knows no boundaries, no time, no space. The endless diversity of the modern world is transmitted through the media in the sensations and interpretations of numerous participants in the international information process - journalists, correspondents, commentators, cameramen. Therefore, the importance of translation activities is constantly growing, and translation problems arise along with them. The aggravation of language problems dictates the search for new solutions. If earlier translation activity was considered only in connection with the translation of fiction, today an increasingly important place - both in terms of volume and social significance - has been occupied by translations of texts of a special nature - informational, economic, legal, technical and advertising.
1. Language and cultural barriers
Speaking about the important role of translation, we immediately mentioned its “overcoming” function. After all, it helps people get closer, understand each other. What is being overcome?
It has long been clear that translation helps to overcome language and cultural barriers. Let's try to figure out where these barriers come from and how to overcome them.
Language barriers exist because humanity is historically multilingual. According to modern researchers, the number of living languages in the world ranges from 2,500 to 50,003. There are more than a thousand Indian languages, about a thousand African languages; only on the islands of New Guinea there are more than 700 different languages. True, the main part of the languages \u200b\u200bis languages with a very small number of speakers (some of them are spoken by only 100 to 1000 people; a typical example is the Mansi language in Russia: about 150 speakers) . There are less than 100 languages spoken by 95% of the world's population. And yet, if we even hypothetically imagine that every inhabitant of the planet may need to communicate with representatives of each of the languages of the world, then the number language barriers will be unusually high.
The problem is that people, as a rule, speak one or two foreign languages, and they may need information in 3-10 more languages. Moreover, knowledge of 1-2 foreign languages in most cases does not mean complete bilingualism, they know a foreign language worse and not in full.
The representatives of the so-called "small" languages, that is, languages with a small number of speakers, have the hardest time of all; they more often than others have to rely on translations. The most popular way for speakers of small languages to enter into international cultural contact is bilingualism. Foreign language, in which native speakers of small languages write scientific papers and even plays and novels, is usually one of the "big" languages with a large number of speakers: English, German, French, Spanish. Such a language during the existence of the USSR for many peoples was involuntarily Russian, and for Iceland and Norway - Danish. The experience of using an intermediary language for cultural contacts, as you know, is not new. For a long time, Latin was the language of ecclesiastical and then secular scientific unity. From the end of the XVIII century. French becomes the language of secular communication; up to the beginning of the 20th century. it retains the functions of the language of diplomacy, and French retained the functions of the language of international mail until the middle of the 20th century.
Now the English language is absolutely leading. In recent years, it has even supplanted the native languages Swedish and Danish in their homelands, Sweden and Denmark. The desire to overcome language barriers contributes to the reduction in the number of speakers of small languages, such as Frisian and Faroese in Europe, and complicates the task of guardians for the preservation of the cultural phenomenon of small languages.
A significant obstacle to overcoming language barriers may be the closed society. Thus, the researchers note that interlingual contact with Russian, Chinese, Japanese scientists does not cover all scientific, technical, literary fields; although Russian, and Chinese, and Japanese with a huge number of speakers. The last decade of Russia's "openness" has not yet changed this situation much: as before, many important studies by Russian scientists, for example in the field of translation theory, have not been translated into English 2 .
According to the UNESCO special almanac "Statistical Yearbook", Germany has been leading in terms of the number of translated publications over the past decade, Spain is in second place, and Russia is third. But these are absolute data, they do not take into account the population that this number accounts for. For example, Denmark (!) now occupies the 8th place with a population of 5 million people, thus, it is much more fully provided with translated literature than Russia. On average, translations account for 14 to 20% of the total volume of European book production. Among the languages from which people translate the most in different countries, English (by a wide margin), Russian and French are in the lead.
At different times, mankind has also made attempts to create an artificial common language, which would not be burdened by the specifics of any one culture. The most successful of these attempts, perhaps, should be recognized as the creation of an international artificial language Esperanto, which was developed by the Warsaw doctor L. L. Zamenhof in 1887. Currently, according to the General Esperanto Association, about 8 million people speak this language in the world. But, apparently, it was the artificial isolation of Esperanto from the cultural roots of living languages that did not allow it to become a world language. At the same time, attempts by scientists to create a unified, non-national information coding system, similar to living languages or using the principles of living languages, do not stop today, but none of them has seriously competed with translation 1 .
So far, we have discussed overcoming language barriers both with the help of translations and with the help of intermediary languages. A much more difficult problem is to overcome cultural barriers. Translation plays a leading role in this process. However, the specific, going back centuries, differences in everyday and spiritual cultures cannot be fully perceived by other peoples, and only an approximate idea of the specifics of a foreign culture is possible. We will discuss this in more detail in the Situational Realities section. Here we confine ourselves to one simple example. For the word "freedom" in all languages of the world there is a ready correspondence. With the exception of special occasions when the compatibility or context of the original suggests a special correspondence (for example, in translation into German, “freedom of style” will most likely be “Lockerheit des Stils”), so, except for these special cases, there is a one-to-one correspondence: English, freedom, German. Freiheit, etc. Of course, the denotation is invariant in this case (one and the same). But representatives of different cultures with different historical and social backgrounds understand freedom in different ways. Americans, Russians, Germans, and Chineses have sharply different ideas about freedom. For example, for a Russian person, freedom is, first of all, the absence of any obligations, the ability to fully manage oneself and one's time, the absence of external pressure; for a German, freedom is first of all a legal guarantee of his rights, a clear regulation of the legal mechanism, material security, and he considers Russian “freedom” to be rampant. But in the Chukchi language, as M. L. Gasparov notes, there is no word “free” at all, there is only “one who has broken the chain”. Such cases often lead to misunderstandings in contacts. If these contacts are oral, then the translator, in addition to translating the text, is entrusted with the function of a consultant on intercultural communication, but if a written text is translated, comments or notes to the text are required, initiated by the translator. A similar problem is a special symbolic interpretation of certain customs of different peoples. For example, the custom of removing shoes before entering a house in the East, say in Uzbekistan, is considered a manifestation of respect for the owner; most European peoples do not have such a custom, and it is quite decent to enter the house in shoes. And here the translator can help avoid misunderstandings by explaining to his wards the meaning of customs, if he is a guide-translator, or by offering his own commentary on the written text, if a custom is described that is incomprehensible to the readers of the translated text 1 .
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Robots are primarily associated with the high technologies of the future. However, it is believed that the first project of a machine that can replace a person belongs to Leonardo da Vinci. Among his papers was found a sketch of a robot that could rise, sit down, move its arms and turn its head. True, it is still unknown whether the idea was put into practice. Moreover, already today in everyday life people use many robots for various purposes: from a robot vacuum cleaner to a robot artist.
Robots at the service of man
One of the most popular areas in robotics is the creation of au pairs. In general, a robot is a machine with anthropomorphic behavior. The word for the first time appeared in the play by the Czech writer Karel Capek "R. U. R", the term itself comes from the Czech word robota - forced labor. It turns out that serving people is their main task. So the Korean Mahru-Z knows how to clean up, load washing machine, heat food in the microwave and bring it to the owner.
Of course, any mechanisms, first of all, are designed to make life easier for a person. Scientists are constantly creating medical microrobots that can penetrate the human body, mechanized arms, etc. And American specialists, for example, have developed a prototype of a wheelchair that can move independently. Laser detectors evaluate landscape features at a distance of 20 cm and plot a route.
The most unusual robots
Austrian inventors have created an alcoholic robot. Bar Bot sits in a bar, looking for a "victim". Having caught a curious look on himself, he begins to ask for a coin, having collected the necessary amount, he begins to spin around his axis, saying: "Please, one beer." The bartender inserts a can of beer into his "arm". "Thanks a lot," thanks Bar Bot, and slowly pours the drink into a shell-like "mouth." Then he throws the jar on the floor and the process begins again.
A robot is not necessarily a metal terminator. American sculptor Michael Rea made a wooden robotic suit. The model is called "a suit-prosthesis for Stephen Hawking" - a British theoretical physicist suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Outwardly, the suit looks like a combat robot: one hand is a giant fist, the other is pincers, and a huge sword is attached to the back.
As robotics advances, models become more emotional. Humanoid robots are becoming more and more human-like. They can not only perform certain functions, but also express admiration, surprise, sadness, antipathy, joy and other feelings. Capturing a change in a human face with a camera, the robot reacts accordingly. In the future, it is planned to use it as a nurse.
American David Hanson went a little further in creating emotional robots. He created a mechanized head similar to Einstein. The device frowns, smiles, winks, laughs - and all this is just like a brilliant scientist. At the same time, the facial expressions of the head depend on the reaction of others, which is recorded using two cameras-eyes.
Before you decide to become parents, start a home, suggest Japanese scientists. It is called Yotaro and is able to deliver all the difficulties that await young parents. He can express emotions and even knows how to cry.
The smallest robot was assembled, of course, in Japan in 1992. The length of the mechanism was only one centimeter. And the smallest humanoid robot is the BeRobot model with a height of just over 15 centimeters. He can walk, dance, do push-ups and knows the simple techniques of oriental tai chi wrestling. You can control the mechanism by voice or remote control.