Immoral behavior: signs, causes, types, differences in different countries. What is immoral behavior

Unethical behavior means the implementation of a different value system than the prevailing one in society. For example, in a society where the human person is the most important value, it would be unethical to give preference to profit: for example, to dismiss an employee who has been working at the company for a long time, since his work can be performed more efficiently by an automatic machine or a computer. On the contrary, in a group where the leading value is material well-being, such behavior is the only possible and completely ethical.

It is generally accepted to refer to options for unethical behavior: ?

bribes,

extortion?

expensive gifts,

payment to the accomplice of a share of illegally obtained money, ?

conflict based on clash of interests, ?

violation of laws?

fraud, ?

disclosure of company secrets, ?

use of information received in confidential conversations from members of "one's own group", ?

illegal payments to political organizations in order to pass a beneficial piece of legislation, ?

falsification of documents

fictitious transactions and operations, ?

inaccurate financial statements, ?

tax evasion?

infliction of moral damage business reputation, ?

artificial price increase, ?

collusion about prices and/or quantity of products sold, ?

violation of the environment, social standards, ?

misuse of foreign trademarks, false certificates, ?

low quality products, especially in matters of its safety.

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Moral behavior is a set of actions, actions of people that meet the norms of morality, consciousness, order, formed in society, or to which it is directed.

In the process of entrepreneurial and management activities there are cases of deviation from social norms, that is, unethical behavior, it can be due to various factors:

1. competitive struggle;

2. the desire for large profits;

3. inept stimulation of managers for ethical behavior;

4. underestimation of ethical standards in society;

5. an attempt to achieve the goal and realize the mission of the organization at any cost;

6. unethical behavior of partners;

7. conflict, stressful situations in the organization;

8. poor selection and inept application of leadership styles;

9. complex system of development and decision-making in the organization.

To ensure ethical behavior, modern management offers the following measures:

The introduction of ethical standards that reflect a system of common values, social preferences, rules of conduct for employees of the organization;

Creation of ethics committees;

The use of incentive mechanisms that counteract unethical behavior and actions;

Implementation of social audits to determine the impact of social factors on the organization;

Organization of training of ethical behavior of managers and all staff:

Constantly informing employees about cases of highly ethical behavior;

Holding meetings, conferences, symposiums, etc. on issues of ethical behavior.

The established norms of morality are the result of a long process of establishing relationships between people. Without observing these norms, political, economic, cultural relations are impossible, because it is impossible to exist without respecting each other, without imposing certain restrictions on oneself.

Faced with the problem of ethical choice, managers, as a rule, rely on a normative point of view, that is, certain norms and values, in accordance with which decisions are made.

In normative ethics, there are several approaches to the description of value systems and, accordingly, the adoption of ethical difficult decisions that can be applied in management practice: utilitarian approach, individualistic approach, moral and legal approach, the concept of justice.

utilitarian approach. The basic principles of the utilitarian approach are based on the fact that moral behavior brings the greatest benefit to the greatest number of people. The decision maker must consider the impact of each of his options on all parties concerned and choose the option that brings pleasure to the greatest number of people.

Individualistic approach. Assumes that a person's actions that benefit her in the long run are morally acceptable. Home driving force self-control is considered, and all external forces limiting it must be suppressed. Each person chooses for himself the most profitable solution in the long run, on the basis of which he judges the quality of his decisions. Individualism is reduced to behavior that is beneficial to other people, that is, a person’s actions begin to correspond to the norms desired by society. One of the peculiarities of this approach is that it presupposes (if necessary) the actions of the individual aimed at acquiring personal short-term benefits, which at once do not correspond to social norms.

Moral-legal approach. The moral-legal approach claims that a person is initially endowed with fundamental rights and freedoms that cannot be violated or limited by the decisions of other people. The following moral rights can be taken into account in the decision-making process:

1. The right to freedom of consent.

2. The right to privacy.

3. The right to freedom of conscience.

4. The right to proper treatment.

5. Right to life and security.

Justice concept. There is distributive justice (equal - equal), procedural justice (compliance with the rules), compensatory justice (compensation for damages).

In the global economy, there are seven main mechanisms by which norms can be put into practice. These include:

1) ethical codes;

2) ethics committees;

3) training;

4) social audits;

5) legal committees;

6) services that consider claims of citizens on ethical issues;

7) changes in the corporate structure.

The most commonly used mechanism is the code of ethics. It is developed by a specially created body - a committee, commission, and the like. About 90% of foreign companies implemented ethical principles with the help of such codes. They can be developed for the company as a whole and contain ethical rules common to all.

In the global economy, many companies are now creating departments or hiring individuals to develop codes of ethics: measures are being taken to familiarize managers with the provisions of these codes; a system of incentives for managers is also being created, provided that they take into account ethical issues when making decisions and that their official behavior complies with the ethical standards recorded in the codes.

When monitoring the official actions of company employees, lie detector tests, drug tests, etc. are used.

More productive, according to the managers of many firms and their owners, is the way of hiring graduates educational institutions, where there was a large and extensive program of training in the basics of ethics. In this case, ethical standards are laid down in the consciousness (and subconsciousness) of the future employee as part of the worldview complex and, one might even say, as unshakable axioms, are not subject to appeal. Then the cumbersome and expensive system of developing company codes, training employees in ethical standards for monitoring compliance with ethical requirements is largely unnecessary.

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Turning to Spirituality

Many immoral acts are immoral not only from a human point of view, but also from a religious one. Take, for example, greed. An unhealthy craving for material goods often pushes people to commit terrible acts, with the help of which they succeed in satisfying their self-interest.

Pride, which is one of the seven deadly sins in Catholicism, also refers to immoral qualities. Excessive arrogance and disrespect for other people do not make anyone better. Just like adultery. Adultery is a sin, an immoral act, betrayal and humiliation of the one to whom the oath of allegiance was given. The person who committed it is not worthy of trust, respect and good relations.

Vanity is perceived by many as a socio-psychological property of the individual, which, however, does not paint people. Often they are selfish, arrogant, constantly craving conviction in their own superiority. It would seem, is it bad to appreciate and love yourself? No it is OK. But only vanity implies exposing all of the above for show, which is usually carried out through humiliation or neglect of other people.

Notable examples

Many of us have long ceased to notice the immoral acts of people who are found almost at every turn. A prime example can be considered the use of obscene expressions, observed everywhere. Foul language is speech saturated with indecent expressions. They are also called obscene. Why? Because they are shameless, and therefore violating public morality.

Swearing, which has long become habitual and has lost its ability to shock members of modern society, has practically ceased to fall into the category of immoral acts. Unlike insults, which are a deliberate humiliation of the dignity and honor of a person. And such immoral acts as insults are punishable by law. All provisions relating to this are spelled out in article 5.61 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Contradictory Behaviors

If a person commits an immoral act, then it definitely does not fit into the generally accepted moral framework. But it corresponds to certain forms of behavior that are contrary to the norms. There are several of them. These are drug addiction, substance abuse, prostitution, crime, alcoholism and suicide.

It is believed that a person adheres to a particular form of behavior for one of three reasons. To the first, most common in modern society, refers to inequality on the social ladder.

Everything is simple here. The behavior and upbringing of a person is influenced by his income. The smaller it is, the higher the probability of personality degradation. Many people try to deal with disappointment in their lives with drugs or alcohol. They cannot be blamed for the lack of an inner “core”. Poverty is indeed a psychological ordeal.

External factors

The commission of an immoral act by a person who follows a particular form of behavior may also depend on his environment. It is no secret to anyone that the thoughts and actions of a person are often formed under the influence of family, friends, colleagues, classmates. Unfortunately, those people who grew up surrounded by individuals with immoral behavior and saw nothing but deviant actions begin to consider everything like this the norm.

The environment and society is one of the fundamental reasons that shape human consciousness. Often, to eradicate immoral acts, the help of sociologists is required, who work not with one guilty individual, but with a whole group of people.

The level of education is also important. Sometimes people do not know about such elementary concepts as "morality" and "morality" because of their ignorance. From generation to generation, rules, norms and traditions should be passed on, and this is the task of parents. But some people simply forget to educate their children and instill in them an awareness of how to act and what not to do.

Attitude towards animals

It is impossible not to pay attention to the immoral acts of people regarding our smaller brothers. Cruelty to animals is not only a crime, but also a sharp moral issue. Individuals who allow themselves to mistreat our smaller brothers are not accepted by normal, modern society. They are condemned and condemned by other people.

It is a truly immoral act. It does not pose a threat to public safety. But nevertheless it is unacceptable and unacceptable from a different, moral point of view.

Real cases

A variety of immoral acts take place in our lives. And you would not wish even an enemy to become their victims or witnesses.

How many situations are known when sons got drunk to the point of insanity and rushed with their fists at their mothers. Or when someone's beloved pet was subjected to cruel acts by juvenile deviants for the sake of entertainment. Often, many people have witnessed suicide, which also belongs to the category of behavior under consideration. And of course, none of us is immune from betrayal for the personal benefit of a trusted person.

When you realize how often these and similar cases occur, it becomes extremely clear that morality in modern society, unfortunately, is by no means in the first place in the value system.

Bad manners

Speaking about moral and immoral actions, it is worth mentioning that the latter also includes behavior that is perceived by many as elementary uncouthness and bad manners.

And examples of this accompany us in everyday life. In public transport, you can often see a picture of how ill-mannered individuals push in the back of those in front, just to leave the salon as quickly as possible. At the exit from the premises, many do not hesitate to slam the door right in front of the noses of those who follow them, and without even looking back.

But most often, perhaps, there are individuals who openly violate the rules of the hostel. They put trash on landing, smoke in the entrance without opening the windows, violate sanitation and hygiene in other ways. These are also immoral acts. Examples surround us everywhere, but we have ceased to notice many of them, because, no matter how sad it may be, they have passed into the category of everyday life.