What does war take away from civilians? Is it compatible with human life? The problem of the impact of war on people's lives is raised in the text by V.P. Erashov.
Reflecting on this topic, the author describes the first real battle of Katya - the "girl", who, by the will of fate, ended up in the war. Erashov, at the beginning of the text fragment, notes with regret the consequences of this destructive phenomenon on a person: all Katya's relatives died, "in fact, she had nothing to lose in battle - except her own life."
The suffering brought by the war took away from her even the expressed desire to live. Moreover, at the end of the text, the author contrasts Katya's previously possible role in the family with her current fate: Katya has become "not a wife, not a mother, not a keeper of the hearth - a tank commander."
The author's position regarding the problem raised is clear and expressed in the last paragraph: Erashov regrets how the war affected the young girl, bringing her a lot of suffering and depriving her of a peaceful family future.
The theme of the influence of war on a person is developed in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace". This is not the end, continue below.
Useful material on the topic
- according to the text of V.P. Erashova (1) This was Katya's first real fight. The problem of the influence of war on the fate of man
A change in attitude towards the murder of a man by a man, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, can be traced throughout the work. If the hero initially perceived the war as an opportunity to earn fame and respect, then over time he completely abandons his beliefs, seeing the imaginary greatness of Napoleon, the ostentatious nature of his actions. Especially successful is the negative attitude towards the war, which brings severe suffering to thousands during units, Prince Bolkonsky is confirmed by his thoughts about the wounded soldiers in the infirmary: their bodies resembled human meat.
The path of Grigory Melekhov, the hero of M. A. Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don", also demonstrates the destructive role of war in the life of an ordinary person. Accustomed to rural life, the hero presents the war as something due, and the killing of the enemy as something justified. But the first hostilities begin to destroy the convictions of Gregory, who realizes the futility of this action. He understands that the enemy fighters are just ordinary people like him, obeying orders from above. The hero cannot justify the suffering he is forced to inflict on others.
During the Second World War, more than 10 thousand ships were sunk, most of of which had oil heating. As a result, oil slicks gradually spread over the surface of the water and poisoned the benthic fauna.
But there is a place that has suffered incomparable environmental damage - the Baltic Sea.
December 27, 1947 ended one of the most secret operations in history. The naval forces of the Allies (USSR, USA and Great Britain) sent stockpiles of chemical weapons of the defeated Germany to the bottom of the Baltic Sea. 302,875 tons of ammunition containing 14 types of poisonous substances, including the most dangerous mustard gas, were flooded. The mass of poisonous substances in its pure form amounted to approximately 60 thousand tons.
According to new estimates by specialists, 422,875 tons of chemical weapons and 85,000 tons of “clean” poisonous substances lie at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. Moreover, the depth of their occurrence often does not exceed 100 meters.
Those who made the decision to sink chemical weapons naively believed that the problem would be solved once and for all. Indeed, from the point of view of science of those years, this is the easiest and most reliable way to get rid of a dangerous legacy. It was believed that even with the simultaneous depressurization of all ammunition, the concentration of toxic substances due to their mixing with sea water would decrease to a safe level in a few hours.
Only years later, the British geneticist Charlotte Auerbach would discover the terrible mutagenic properties of mustard gas: even a few molecules per liter of water of this poisonous substance retain their dangerous properties. Having passed through the food chain, mustard gas can respond in a person months and years later with terrible diseases. And after generations, according to doctors, the risk of having mentally and physically handicapped children increases.
Experts have calculated that the rate of corrosion of shells of ammunition is approximately 0.1-0.15 mm / year. It is known that the thickness of the shells is on average 5-6 mm. The last expedition, conducted in 2001, confirmed the process of a wide range of toxic substances entering the water. In the coming years, scientists do not rule out the possibility of an ecological catastrophe in the Baltic region.
The perception of the war by a person who really went through all its hardships is strikingly different from what is presented in history books or in solemn celebratory speeches.
A person who fought does not remember the dates of great battles, not the strategic plans of commanders, and not the names of heroic generals. Each of the ordinary soldiers remembers something of their own, personal: fellow soldiers, pictures of battles that remain forever in their memory, even some small everyday details.
Yuri Levitansky "Well, what if I was there ..."
This was written by many authors who devoted themselves to military topics. For example, Yu.D. Levitansky in his poem "So what if I was there..." says that one person could not influence the course of the war so much. On the contrary, the war affected every single soldier.
And the former soldier will never be able to forget all the hardships of the war years, even if he really wants to - all the same, these memories will haunt him. In this poem, Levitansky remembers his dead fellow soldiers (he still feels inexplicable guilt before them), and watches the rapid passage of time, which leaves the war farther and farther away. But the war cannot "end" for those who have been there.
Creativity Yulia Drunina
The poetess Yulia Drunina, who went to war at the age of seventeen and spent all four years as a nurse in a battalion, also wrote about the same effect of war on a person. Her poems show precisely the attitude towards the war of "ordinary" - young boys and girls who had to grow up at the front and in the trenches.
I've only seen melee once.
Once - in reality. And a thousand - in a dream.
Who says that war is not scary,
He knows nothing about the war.
This is one of her most vivid and expressive poems, from which we can conclude that in fact nothing is forgotten. And the impressions that the soldiers received in the war remained with them all their lives.
Boris Vasiliev in the story "Veteran"
Precisely because they usually remembered so well all the terrible details of the war, it was so hard for veterans to talk about the war as a "great victory for a great people." Boris Vasiliev writes about this in the story "Veteran": the main character, who went through the war as a washerwoman at the battalion, is entrusted with a performance on the anniversary of May 9th.
Her husband invites her to tell about the important strategic tasks that the Fourth Ukrainian Front was solving, but the heroine understands that this is not her war, she herself remembers something completely different: how young laundress girls mutilated their hands, washing a soldier's uniform, how they fell in love with young lieutenants and remembered them all their lives, how the commander took care of them like a father ...
But already at the speech, she understands that it will be too painful for her to talk about all this, and therefore she begins to read out a dry text about the introduction Soviet army to Europe.
The war really remained in the memory of veterans forever, and only a few of them then had the spiritual strength to state (on paper or aloud) everything that worried ordinary young soldiers at a time when the commanders were thinking about strategic plans and weapons.
To the question, an essay on the topic of the impact of war on the fate of a person and a country, given by the author 12313123 123123123 the best answer is The theme of human destiny, which is formed under the influence of various historical events, has always been one of the most important in Russian literature. Tolstoy, and Turgenev, and Dostoevsky addressed her. Didn't bypass her famous writer, master of wide epic canvases M. A. Sholokhov. In his works, he reflected all the most important stages of history in the life of our country. The writer painted the fate of his hero, a simple Russian man, against the backdrop of military battles and peaceful battles, showing that not only history makes its own strict judgment, but also a person makes history, carrying its heavy burden on his shoulders. In 1956, Sholokhov, in a strikingly short term- in just a few days - writes his famous story "The Fate of Man". However creative history this work takes many years: between the accidental meeting of the author with a person, the prototype of Andrei Sokolov, and the appearance of the story, ten whole years pass. And all these years the persistent need to speak out and convey to people the confession he once heard has lived in the writer. "The Fate of a Man" is a story about great suffering and about the great resilience of an ordinary person, which embodied all the traits of the Russian character: patience, modesty, responsiveness, a sense of human dignity, merged with a sense of great patriotism, devotion to one's Fatherland. From the very beginning of the story, describing the signs of the first post-war spring, the author prepares us for a meeting with the main character Andrei Sokolov. Before us appears a man in a burnt, roughly darned padded jacket, whose eyes are "filled with inescapable mortal longing." Finding an interlocutor in the face of the author, he restrainedly and wearily, putting large dark hands, hunched over, begins his confession about the past, in which he had to "sip goryushka up to the nostrils and above." Sokolov's fate is full of such difficult trials, such irreparable losses that it seems impossible for a person to endure all this and not break down, not lose heart. But this simple soldier and worker, overcoming all physical and moral suffering, retains in himself a pure soul, wide open to goodness and light. His difficult fate reflects the fate of the entire generation. Deprived of the opportunity to fight the enemy with weapons, Sokolov demonstrates his superiority in a duel with the camp commandant Muller, who turned out to be powerless in the face of the proud dignity and human greatness of the Russian soldier. The exhausted, emaciated, exhausted prisoner was ready to meet death with such courage and endurance that it strikes further the commandant who had lost his human appearance. "That's what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier. I am also a soldier and respect worthy opponents," the German officer is forced to admit. But not only in a collision with the enemy, Sholokhov shows the manifestation of this heroic nature. A serious test for the hero is the loneliness that the war brought him. After all, Andrei Sokolov, a soldier who defended the independence of his homeland, who returned peace and tranquility to people, is losing everything he had in life: family, love, happiness. The harsh fate does not leave him even a haven on earth. It would seem that everything is over, but life "distorted" this man, but could not break him, kill the liar soul in him. Sokolov is alone, but he is not alone.
Answer from enlighten[newbie]
The theme of human destiny, which is formed under the influence of various historical events, has always been one of the most important in Russian literature. Tolstoy, and Turgenev, and Dostoevsky addressed her. The well-known writer, master of wide epic canvases M. A. Sholokhov did not bypass her. In his works, he reflected all the most important stages of history in the life of our country. The writer painted the fate of his hero, a simple Russian man, against the backdrop of military battles and peaceful battles, showing that not only history makes its own strict judgment, but also a person makes history, carrying its heavy burden on his shoulders. In 1956, Sholokhov, in an amazingly short time - just a few days - wrote his famous story "The Fate of a Man". However, the creative history of this work takes many years: between the accidental meeting of the author with a person, the prototype of Andrei Sokolov, and the appearance of the story, ten whole years pass. And all these years the persistent need to speak out and convey to people the confession he once heard has lived in the writer. "The Fate of a Man" is a story about great suffering and about the great resilience of an ordinary person, which embodied all the traits of the Russian character: patience, modesty, responsiveness, a sense of human dignity, merged with a sense of great patriotism, devotion to one's Fatherland. From the very beginning of the story, describing the signs of the first post-war spring, the author prepares us for a meeting with the main character Andrei Sokolov. Before us appears a man in a burnt, roughly darned padded jacket, whose eyes are "filled with inescapable mortal longing." Having found an interlocutor in the face of the author, he restrainedly and wearily, putting his big dark hands on his knees, hunched over, begins his confession about the past, in which he had to "sip goryushka up to the nostrils and above." Sokolov's fate is full of such difficult trials, such irreparable losses, that it seems impossible for a person to endure all this and not break down, not lose heart. But this simple soldier and worker, overcoming all physical and moral suffering, retains in himself a pure soul, wide open to goodness and light. His difficult fate reflects the fate of the entire generation. Deprived of the opportunity to fight the enemy with weapons, Sokolov demonstrates his superiority in a duel with the camp commandant Muller, who turned out to be powerless in the face of the proud dignity and human greatness of the Russian soldier. The exhausted, emaciated, exhausted prisoner was ready to meet death with such courage and endurance that it strikes further the commandant who had lost his human appearance. "That's what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier. I am also a soldier and respect worthy opponents," the German officer is forced to admit. But not only in a collision with the enemy, Sholokhov shows the manifestation of this heroic nature. A serious test for the hero is the loneliness that the war brought him. After all, Andrei Sokolov, a soldier who defended the independence of his homeland, who returned peace and tranquility to people, is losing everything he had in life: family, love, happiness. The harsh fate does not leave him even a haven on earth. It would seem that everything is over, but life "distorted" this man, but could not break him, kill the liar soul in him. Sokolov is alone, but he is not alone.
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How did the war affect my family?
MOU "Secondary School No. 4", Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Region
Chernukhina Elena Nikolaevna
Real heroes are near
The theme of the Great Patriotic War has lived in me and always lives. To pain in the heart, to a coma in the throat. Brought up by the Soviet school, I clearly know all the stages, all the events and heroes of that time. For a year now, watching the traditional events associated with the anniversary military date, I suddenly realized that I know very little about the participation of my relatives in that war. I am bitter that I did not learn anything about the war from them themselves. Then my heart was occupied by other heroes. Reading books about them, I shed tears: Pavka Korchagin, the Young Guards, Vitaly Bonivur (I even named my younger brother after him).
Now, when none of my relatives, participants in the war, are alive, I understand that real heroes lived next to me, and not book ones. It is amazing that, having serious injuries, their health undermined by the war, they then did not enjoy any benefits, did not have a disability, but worked like hell for the rest of their lives in the fields and farms. But who then considered the heroes of ordinary village peasants? Their profiles were not very suitable for the heroism of that time. Yes, and participation in the war was considered a common thing: after all, everyone who returned from the front was alive. Nobody went into details.
True, once a year, on May 9, front-line soldiers, along with schoolchildren, were invited to a rally at a mass grave with a traditional pyramid on which eight names of buried soldiers were carved. This grave is now abandoned, the monument has almost collapsed, as no one cares for it.
After the rallies, the veterans sat on the grass, celebrated the Victory with a drink and a simple snack, and commemorated the dead. After several toasts, the noise of voices intensified, disputes arose, turning into shouts, thick obscenities, and sometimes into fights. The main reason for these unrest was the fact that former policemen were also present here. In their address from the “warriors” (as the front-line soldiers were called in the village) such things were carried! “I shed blood, and you, bitch, served the Nazis!” Those who were captured were not welcomed either.
Grandpa is a former tanker.
My paternal grandfather Ivan Fedorovich Chernukhin went to the Finnish War at the age of 21 in 1939. At this time, his first child, my dad, was only a year old. Grandfather was seriously wounded, and in 1940 he came home for aftercare. And already in 1941, Ivan, having two children, went to the Great Patriotic War with the first call. After the courses, he fought as a gunner-driver in tank troops. He held the defense of Leningrad, was wounded more than once, but reached Berlin.
The family at that time lived in the occupied territory. They were in poverty - the policemen took away the cow, the only breadwinner. I often catch myself thinking that the civilian population, especially children, had a difficult life during the war. One winter, the policemen brought Nazis to the house where a grandmother lived with small children. They climbed onto the stove, took off their grandmother's felt boots and tried to try them on, but the boots did not fit - grandmother had a small foot. And then my four-year-old dad shouted: “You don’t need to take our felt boots, go to Grandma Varya (neighbor) - she has a hefty leg!”
Grandfather returned home with the rank of foreman, having military awards. As a relatively competent young front-line soldier, he was harnessed to collective farm work. He visited all positions - from the chairman to the shepherd on the Ordzhonikidze collective farm (they came up with such names: where is Ordzhonikidze, and where is the downtrodden village of Konyshevsky district). This was a common phenomenon in those years: instead of not very literate soldiers on leadership positions party functionaries came, and the "warrior" was sent to the shepherds. Grandpa liked to drink. At these moments, he became miserable, cried, remembered the war and asked me: “Unucha, sing “Three tankers!” Grandfather, a former tanker, adored this song. And I, a little one, sang loudly with my tipsy grandfather: “Three tankmen, three cheerful friends!” Grandfather loved me: the first granddaughter! I regret that I did not ask him about the war years when I was an adult.
The fate of relatives
The fate of Semyon Vasilyevich Lebedev, maternal grandfather, was more tragic. Semyon Vasilyevich was very literate: he graduated with honors from a parochial school, drew well, and played the harmonica from the age of three. But the parents disposed of Semyon's fate in their own way. Instead of studying to become an icon painter, which the son dreamed of, they sent him to relatives in the Donbass, where his grandfather served as a boy in a shop. Before the Great Patriotic War, he had a serious path. In 1914 he was drafted into the tsarist army, went through the First World War. Fighting against the Germans (he said so), he experienced chemical weapons: he was poisoned with gases, and until the end of his life, his grandfather suffered from terrible asthma. Revolutionary propaganda brought him under the banner of the Red Army and put him through the crucible civil war, after which he established Soviet power, engaging in collectivization in his district. At the same time, my grandfather was not officially a member of the party. His brother Peter, who returned from Austrian captivity, had a windmill and fell under dispossession. Until the end of his life, the brother did not forgive that his grandfather did not protect him, but he never joined the collective farm, he died early.
In September 1941, at the age of 46, my grandfather went to the Great Patriotic War. A seriously ill wife remained at home with four children, the youngest of which is my mother. Grandfather began his soldier's way with the defense of Moscow, and in 1944 he was very seriously wounded in the legs, he was treated in a hospital in Kazan. That year he returned from the front. Mom remembers that my grandmother jumped out onto the porch and threw herself on the neck of some uncle. She only shouted out loud: “Senechka has come!” and cried. And my mother thought that this mother was hugging a strange man. She did not recognize her father, terrible, overgrown, dirty, on two crutches. After all, when he went to the front, she was three years old. Grandfather went not only the path of a soldier. In the year of his return from the front, he was put on two crutches as a weigher to weigh grain. And in the year of the Victory, grandfather Semyon became an enemy of the people: hungry fellow countrymen made a dig in the warehouse, and the grains were missing. They did not find out - they sent him to Stalin's camps for six years, where he served three years. Ironically, grandfather was sent to where he was treated in the hospital after being wounded. Then there was rehabilitation, but what did it matter then when the children suffered from hunger (the household was confiscated), and the wife, overstrained, died early ...
After grandfather Semyon worked in the village council (he secretly issued certificates to how many people breaking out of the village to study or earn money!). He was known throughout the region as an accordionist. He, an absolute teetotaler, was in great demand and catered for everything from christenings to funerals. There was even a queue for him. Grandfather had a special notebook where he wrote down his repertoire: grandfather knew dozens of Poles alone. He knew how to repair harmonicas. And if there were still harmonists in the district, then no one possessed this skill. Sometimes grandfather was given an extra workday for playing at events. The accordion was with her grandfather on all fronts. He did not part with her until the end of his life.
The sons of my grandfather, my uncles, as teenagers on horseback, took the wounded fighters. For this, the policemen well “departed” with their whips. Grandmother was also crippled - they kicked and beat her half to death with rifle butts. Mom still remembers the terrible pool of blood on the porch of the hut. And then the eldest of my mother's brothers, Uncle Semyon, was mobilized for the last military draft. At the age of 17, he began to fight, crossed the Dnieper, participated in bloody battles, liberated the countries of Western Europe, reached Berlin. However, not a single serious injury. Graduated after the war military school, served as an officer until the shell shock, which he received during the exercises. Uncle was a smart girl: without support and patronage, he rose to the rank of captain, could have made a good career if not for his serious illness.
The grandfathers' awards were lost (who then kept them in the villages, these pieces of iron and letters - a piece of cloth or a pood of millet were valued more), and some of the uncle's awards were preserved.
In our village in the Konyshevsky district, standing on high mountain, a lot of traces from the trenches. Soviet troops held the defense here. My parents used to play hide-and-seek in the trenches after the war when they were little, and then so did we. But every year the traces from the trenches become smaller, overgrown with time, only small depressions remain: the earth heals the wounds. Herbs are now raging in these places, berries and flowers are growing. Here you feel eternity, and nothing reminds of the brutal war years. But how terrible it will be if our memory of that tragic time overgrows.