Today in civilized countries there is not a single person who does not know about plasticine and at least once did not hold this material for needlework in his hands. Many of us have known modeling from plasticine since kindergarten, and this is not surprising, because given material recognized as one of the best for the development of qualities and skills important in the process of growing up and shaping the personality of a child: ranging from fine motor skills and ending with critical thinking.
Plasticine makes it possible to make a wide variety of crafts, including:
- applications on paper and other surfaces;
- figurines of representatives of the animal world;
- any plants, vegetables and fruits;
- models of cars, aircraft and other equipment;
- figurines of fabulous animals and characters;
- many other crafts.
However, although today this material is used as a tool for effective educational programs for kids preschool age, the history of the appearance of plasticine has nothing to do with education or needlework in general.
When did plasticine appear
It is customary to attribute the invention of plasticine to two people at once - the pharmacist Franz Kolb and the inventor William Harbutt, and this happened more than a hundred years ago. The first of them patented a model mass called "Plastilin" in 1880, and the second made non-drying clay in 1987, which he called "Plasticine". The inventions turned out to be almost identical and soon received one common name "plasticine".
An interesting fact is that at the dawn of its existence, plasticine had only one color - gray. However, with the growing popularity of this invention as a material for making crafts, modeling mass began to go on sale in four colors. The very first plasticine factory was founded by Harbutt a couple of years after its opening and lasted until 1968, when production was moved to Thailand due to a fire.
As for the second inventor, Franz Kolb, his original modeling material made according to his recipe can still be found on sale today under the name “Munich Artistic Clay”.
To date, the scope of the use of plasticine is incredibly extensive. It is applied:
- in kindergartens for the development of fine motor skills of pupils and their acquaintance with the outside world;
- in the field of modeling;
- as a material for needlework (the popularity of such a hobby as plasticine modeling continues to grow today);
- in animation and many other spheres of human activity.
Despite the existence of plasticine for more than a century, its popularity continues to grow, and its applications are only expanding. In addition, various crafts, compositions and other products made from this material have repeatedly entered the Guinness Book of Records.
The first patent for the invention of plasticine was issued to Franz Kolb in 1880. The plastic mass was called Claudel Models. Today, this plasticine can be found under the trade name "Munich Artistic Plasticine".
The second patent for almost the same composition was received in 1899 by the Englishman William Harbutt. It was he who first used plasticine as an educational toy for children. From here begins the history of the invention of plasticine.
Initially, the goal of Harbutt, an art school teacher, was somewhat different. He was looking for a composition that would be easy to use for beginner sculptors. The clay used before had a significant drawback - it dried out very quickly, after which it was impossible to fix the work. By the time the teacher could check the student's work, the clay had often had time to set to a crust. It was the desire to easily correct minor flaws in the sculptures of his students that prompted Harbutt to look for a new composition of clay.
Despite the nondescript gray color, the teacher's invention was very liked by his own six children. Pretty quickly, his house was filled with various buildings, cars and animals made of plasticine. Some of them liked the inventor from an artistic point of view. So William Harbutt was the first to face the problem:
Quite quickly, plasticine became popular among professional artists. This gave Harbutt the idea of industrial production. To obtain a patent, it was necessary to come up with a short and capacious name for the invention. "Clay that does not dry out for a long time" - it was not too euphonious. The commercial name "Plastitsin" was helped to come up with the first and most loyal fans of the plastic composition - the native children of the inventor. Already in 1900, Harbutt opened his own factory, and plasticine appeared on the open market. At that time, it already had four colors, which significantly increased its artistic value.
I must say that plasticine was not only convenient, but also quite cheap. It was available to most children of that time. Plasticine modeling has become a favorite pastime for children all over Europe. The generation of artists of the early twentieth century literally grew up on plasticine. One of these artists was Salvador Dali, who was born in 1904. Already a famous artist, he continued to create plasticine models for his paintings. These models helped him to more fully express his plans in the paintings.
The popularity of plasticine grew. He found more and more new areas of application. Some of them were described in the brochure "101 ways to use Harbutt's plasticine."
Monument to William Harbutt, the creator of plasticine. Written by James May, 2009
In 2009, James May presented at the Chelsea flower show - 2009 the installation "Plasticine Paradise", which took two and a half tons of plasticine in 24 shades. In the center of the garden, May erected a monument to William Harbutt made of gray plasticine. Plasticine flowers, although they did not take a prize, impressed the visitors of the exhibition very much. The jury also appreciated the painstaking work of the author and his devotion to his favorite material, presenting him with a special prize - a plasticine medal.
When buying a box with bright blocks for creative activities for their child, adults often do not think about what plasticine is, what it is made of and where it came from. But this is very interesting material.
Plasticine- a special material for modeling, the composition of which is clay, wax, petroleum jelly, purified and crushed to a homogeneous state. Also, the composition of plasticine can include various high-molecular synthetic substances - polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, as well as rubbers, ozokerite, ceresin and animal fats.
History of plasticine
The word plasticine comes from the Italian adjective, which translates as stucco.
For the first time, a material similar in properties to plasticine was mentioned back in the sixteenth century in the books of George Vasari. There are several applicants for the title of the inventor of plasticine. In Germany, it is believed that the German Franz Kolba invented the first plasticine. In 1880, Kolba patented his invention. In the UK in 1899, art school teacher William Harbut also creates a material similar to plasticine. Later, he even opened his own factory for the production of this material.
There is also a version that the inventor of plasticine is the Italian Joe McVicker. Moreover, he created the material not for modeling, but for cleaning stains from wallpaper. But his relative is a teacher in kindergarten- began to use his invention instead of clay to create crafts. Her idea took on a large scale - and in 1955, plasticine was officially introduced for modeling classes in institutions. preschool education. And McVicker himself became a dollar millionaire at the age of 27 thanks to plasticine.
Previously, plasticine was used not for its intended purpose, but as a window lubricant and a stain remover from paper surfaces. Also, this versatile material was widely used by sculptors for the manufacture of decorative elements in the interior and statues.
Nowadays, clay is mainly used by professional sculptors and children - respectively, sculptural and ornamental clay is used.
Sculptors are very fond of this material, it is second only to clay in terms of use. Plasticine is used to make medals, various miniatures, genre compositions, small sketches for the subsequent creation of large sculptures, and various types of layouts. Plasticine has an advantage over other materials: it does not dry out and remains flexible. That is why sculptors use it to make delicate details when performing complex painstaking work.
For children's creative activities, there is currently a wide selection of different types of plasticine: ball, bouncing, wax, hardening, floating, nano-plasticine, art plasticine. It is sold in various forms: in balls, sticks, buckets, cells and sausages. A good plasticine for children should be soft, non-toxic, it should not stick to hands, stain and stain them, and should not leave greasy marks.
Plasticine has many advantages in use. Classes with its use are very useful for children's development. After all, when a child sculpts, he develops hand motor skills. Also, such activities contribute to the development of accuracy and imagination, have a positive effect on nervous system. And at any stage of the creative process, you can adjust the product.
There are many ideas for using plasticine for children. You can make various things out of it: it can be animals, fruits, toys, flowers. Original paintings are obtained from plasticine - cardboard or paper is taken for the base. A stained glass picture made of glass and plasticine looks beautiful and unusual. You can also smear a vase, glass or board with this plastic material and stick shells, beads and cereals in the form of various patterns.
With the help of plasticine figures, a unique genre of animation is created - plasticine animation. This animation is based on three-dimensional plasticine figures. The most famous cartoon is Plasticine Crow.
Plasticine has few drawbacks: fading and melting under the action of open sun rays, the possibility of burning some types, dust sticking to it.
And still , plasticine- this is a safe material if it is chosen correctly and correctly. It has no expiration dates, it has the widest palette of colors. But most importantly, plasticine is the most convenient material for children's creativity.
research project
"Plasticine Fantasy".
Completed by a student of 1 "A" class:
Chedzhemov Maxim
Project Manager:
Maruda O. A.
I will fashion a blue bay from plasticine. There funny dolphins frolicked, swam to us. The fruits ripen on the trees... I admire the beauty: Plasticine animals In the plasticine forest.
I sculpt from plasticine All I want: I want - I blind the car, I can do this. I will mold from plasticine Multi-colored horses And on their broad backs I will seat heroes.
Plasticine is a material familiar to everyone since childhood, in itself a pantry for fantasy and imagination.
I chose this topic of my work because I wanted to know what plasticine consists of, what secrets it contains, what can be made from it, and what benefits can be obtained from working with this material.
object my research is the usual plasticine.
put forward by me hypothesis :
“Working with plasticine benefits children.
Objective:
Organize an exhibition
"My plasticine world".
Tasks:
- find and study the literature related to the topic of the research work;
- find out where and when the first plasticine appeared;
- determine what properties plasticine has;
- learn interesting facts about plasticine;
- make your own crafts from plasticine.
From the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
I learned that the word "plasticine" originates from Italian. the words plastic
and from Greek . plastos, which means "stucco".
The meaning of the word Plasticine according to Ozhegov: Plasticine - Plastic material for modeling, consisting of clay and wax with the addition of fats, petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent drying
Plasticine in the Encyclopedic Dictionary: Plasticine - (Italian plastilina - from Greek plastos stucco), material
for modeling. It is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, lard and other substances that prevent drying. Dyed in
various colors. Serves for making sketches, small models, works of small forms.
The meaning of the word Plasticine according to Ushakov's dictionary: PLASTILINE (or plasticine), plasticine, pl. no, m. (from the Greek Plastos stucco) (special). A mass of clay with certain impurities that prevent it from drying out, used. for modeling.
Any knowledge begins with the study of the history of the subject.
I started looking for information on the internet. :
who, where and when created this miracle?
The history of the appearance of plasticine .
Here's what I was able to find out...
First version.
Invented the material later called plasticine,
Franz Kolb .
In 1880, after many experiments, a composition was invented that included clay, wax, fat and other substances. Invented material immediately gained popularity among sculptors.
Second version .
An Englishman is also considered the inventor of plasticine.
William Harbut ,
who patented his invention in 1899. The material obtained by him was patented in Germany and received the appropriate name "Plastilin".
Third version .
However, the history of plasticine does not end there. Several decades later Joe McVicker produces a substance for cleaning wallpaper. His sister, being a kindergarten teacher, actively practices modeling lessons, replaced ordinary clay with new material, which was more plastic and did not get your hands dirty. Since then, modeling material has become mandatory for classes in kindergarten. And Joe McVicker became a millionaire at 27.
Joe McVicker
CONCLUSION
The history of the invention of plasticine.
Franz Kolb, a German, invented a mass called "Plastilin" in 1880. Plasticine production began in 1900 in Germany. They began to add dyes to it, which made it possible to make it multi-colored.
1955 - Joe McVicker
Types of plasticine
I also learned that plasticine can be simple, sculptural, floating, jumping, wax, mother-of-pearl, ball, hardening plasticine,
in sticks, in sausages,
in cells and in buckets.
Types of plasticine
Plasticine can be in sticks, in sausages, in cells and in buckets.
plasticine properties.
- it is soft, plastic;
- quickly warms up in the hands;
- does not crumble and does not smear;
- does not stick to hands;
- easy to wash off with warm water;
- easy to stick to paper, cardboard;
- can stay in water for a long time;
- plasticine is non-toxic;
- if the child tries it, then nothing will happen to him;
- shelf-life Unlimited.
Making plasticine at home
Plasticine can be easily made at home
For this we need:
400 gr. flour
200 gr. salt
500 ml boiling water
1 tablespoon "alann"
(this is a powder similar to gelatin, it is not harmful and is sold in a pharmacy)
1 tablespoon of sunflower oil.
Mix flour, salt and "alann" in one cup, pour boiling water and mix quickly, avoiding the formation of lumps. Mix better with a mixer. After pouring water, add a tablespoon of oil. In boiling water, you need to add food coloring in large quantities so that the color becomes beautiful and juicy. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer cannot turn further, you still need to knead the mass well, like dough.
And plasticine is ready! Home plasticine can be dried both in the air and in microwave oven, varnish and even taste a little (salty!). Homemade plasticine, wrapped in a bag, can be stored in the refrigerator for about a month.
Exhibition
"My plasticine world".
As a result of my project, I present the exhibition "My Plasticine World". I want to continue this work, to replenish my collection, to please others with my works.
Exhibition
"My plasticine world".
Interesting Facts about plasticine
The cartoon "Plasticine Crow" took 800 kg of plasticine.
And who has not watched the children's program "Good night, kids"? Her screen saver is also made of plasticine.
Interesting facts about plasticine
Screensaver "Good night, kids!"
Englishman James May created a garden
consisting exclusively of plasticine,
and called it "Plasticine Paradise".
It took 6 weeks and 2.6 tons of plasticine in 24 colors to create such a garden.
"Plasticine Paradise" British TV presenter James May(James May)
Conclusion
My research work came to an end, as a result of which the hypothesis was confirmed. Indeed, working with plasticine brings great benefits to children.
Conclusion
While working on the Plasticine Fantasy project, I learned what plasticine is and where its homeland is, who created the plasticine.
The goal and objectives have been achieved.
My hypothesis was confirmed.
I shared the secret of making plasticine with classmates. From home plasticine, you can make crafts and draw pictures. It will make a great gift for mom, dad, grandma, grandpa or other beloved relative.
Nina Vlasova
Children's research work "Plasticine history"
plasticine story
Introduction.
Each person has a favorite occupation to which he dedicates his free time and even your own life. I love to sculpt, but I'm not very good at it. Once in the program "Good night kids" they showed the cartoon "Plasticine Crow", which I really liked. It became interesting for me to find out who invented plasticine and where it came from, what interesting crafts can be made from it?
Object of study: plasticine.
Hypothesis: There are many types of plasticine, absolutely everything can be created from it: your own colorful world, full of adventure and unusual creatures.
The purpose of this work was to study various types of plasticine and the preparation of plasticine at home.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were defined:
1. Get acquainted with the history of plasticine.
2. Consider the types of plasticine.
3. Mark the features of plasticine.
4. Cook at home the new kind"mother's plasticine".
plasticine story
1.1 The history of the appearance of plasticine.
The name "plasticine" means "stucco" means to sculpt.
Plasticine has become known to the world since the 19th century, it first appeared in Germany and there is another version that later in the UK.
The creator of this material was Joe McVicker. Plasticine was at first gray in color and was used for window smears and cleaning stains from wallpaper. When Joe sent a sample of the mass to his sister who works in kindergarten, she began to use mass for modeling, in place of clay. The children really liked this mass, as their hands did not get dirty.
1.2 What plasticine is made of.
Plasticine is a plastic material consisting of clay and wax with the addition of animal fats, petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent drying and hardening. In addition to all this, the composition of modern plasticine also includes dyes, and fine, refined clay powder.
1.3 Features of plasticine:
Plasticine is a popular material for free creativity. Both children and adults;
Thanks to its plasticity, you can sculpt anything from it: from cute little animals to a whole city.
If in order to correct the drawn picture, you need to take an eraser or a new sheet of paper and draw again. With plasticine, things are easier. The “failed” part can be molded again, and there is no need to correct the rest of the creation.
It is one of the safest materials for children's creativity. You don't need sharp scissors for sculpting. which can be cut.
Working with plasticine teaches attentiveness and accuracy, contributes to the development of children's imagination.
1.4 Rules safe work with plasticine.
You can not take plasticine in your mouth
Do not rub your eyes while sculpting with dirty hands
Be sure to wash your hands after working with plasticine.
2. Research methods.
As part of the ongoing project, we conducted a shopping tour, prepared home-made plasticine and showed up new works with plasticine.
2.1 Excursion to the shops of the city.
On the day off, my mother and I visited the shops of the city, where they sell different types plasticine. On the shelves of the store "Tumbler", "Vityaz" and the bookstore "Diplomat", "Secretary" you can find plasticine of the most unusual shades and types and modeling paste. On the shelves of stores, we examined the types of plasticine. These are such types as: wax of different shades, ball, two types Art. plasticine (soft for paintings and hard for crafts, mass for modeling.
2.2 Information from the Internet
We learned from the Internet that there are other types of plasticine:
Smart plasticine feels like chewing gum;
Edible plasticine;
Floating plasticine, where you can go on a real swim;
Jumping plasticine, where crafts from it jump like real ones.
2.3 Cooking homemade "Mom's Clay"
My mother and I decided that if we make homemade plasticine.
To make homemade plasticine, we needed the following ingredients:
* hot water - 2 cups;
* vegetable oil - 2 tablespoons;
* flour - 2 cups;
* salt -1- glass;
* citric acid -1 tablespoon;
*food colorings different colors.
2.4 Creative productions from “Mom's plasticine.
Crafts from my mother's plasticine appear at my house, which I fashioned myself. These are dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago, and robots of the future, that is, I can visit the distant past and create something else unknown, unknown. My magical amazing plasticine helps me in this!
I need patience and perseverance, but the results make me happy!
Conclusions.
I got acquainted: with the history of the creation of plasticine with a variety of types of plasticine. As a result of the work carried out, we can conclude: all types of plasticine are suitable for children's creativity.
My research has shown: that plasticine can be prepared by yourself, from natural ingredients: flour, oil, salt.
I found: That "Mom's Clay" is better to use, as it mixes well, has a wide range of colors, sticks together well, holds its shape and does not get your hands dirty.
What is plasticine?
He is our number one friend!
Strengthens our hands
And it won't let you get bored
What is plasticine?
This is molding material.
It is soft and colorful.
What is plasticine?
This is a means for fantasies,
We are interested in playing with him!
Bibliography:
Morozova OA Magic clay: Workbook on artistic work. M.: "Mosaic - Synthesis", 1998.- p. eighteen
Chernyaeva A. No plasticine is better than mom's!//Preschool education. -2013-№5.-p. 63.
Hello, my name is Mozhaev Timofey Nikolaevich, I am 6 years old, I am a pupil of kindergarten No. 14 "Firefly".
My research work is called "Plasticine History"
Everyone has a hobby and so do I. I really like to sculpt, but I'm not very good at it. After watching the cartoon "Plasticine Crow" I became interested to know who invented plasticine.
Mom and I decided
Learn the history of plasticine;
Consider the types of plasticine;
Prepare a new type of plasticine with your own hands.
And we got a plasticine story.
The name "Plasticine" means "stucco" means to sculpt. Plasticine has become known to the world since the 19th century, it first appeared in Germany and there is another version that later in the UK.
The creator of this material was Joe McVICKER. Plasticine was at first gray in color and was used for window smears and cleaning stains from wallpaper. When Joe sent a sample of the mass to his sister who works in kindergarten, she began to use the mass for modeling in place of clay.
The children really liked this mass, as their hands did not get dirty. Plasticine at first was only gray.
I found out that Plasticine is a plastic material consisting of clay and wax with the addition of animal fats, petroleum jelly and other substances, which is not allowed to dry and harden. Various dyes are also added to the composition.
It became clear to me: that plasticine is a popular material for free creativity, both for children and adults.
If in order to correct the drawn drawing. You need to take an eraser and a new sheet of paper and draw again. With plasticine, it is easier to re-sculpt the "failed" part, and not correct the main parts of the creation. It is also the safest material for children's creativity.
I will now follow the rules for working with plasticine:
You can not take plasticine in your mouth;
Do not rub your eyes while sculpting with dirty hands;
Be sure to wash your hands after sculpting.
I met:
On the day off, my mother and I went to the shops of the city, where plasticine is sold. On the shelves of the Tumbler store. "Vityaz". "Diplomat" you can find plasticine of the most unusual colors and types.
On the shelves of plasticine examined the types of plasticine. These are such as:
Wax of different colors, which we use in the garden;
ball;
Two types Art. plasticine is soft for paintings, and hard for fakes;
Mass for modeling.
I found out from the Internet that there are other types;
Smart plasticine feels like chewing gum;
Edible plasticine, for the smallest;
Floating plasticine, where you can go on a real swim;
Jumping plasticine, where fakes jump like real ones.
I found out that you can make your own kind of plasticine, as we did with my mother. For "Mom's Plasticine" we needed:
Hot water 2 cups, vegetable oil -2 tbsp. spoons, flour 2 cups,
Salt-1 glass, food coloring.
How we cooked: tells from photographs.
What I did: New crafts appear at my house
I want to proudly note that "mother's plasticine" is better, since it mixes well, you can create any color, sticks together well, keeps its shape and does not get your hands dirty.
During the study, I understood "What is plasticine"
What is plasticine
He is our number one friend
Strengthens our hands
And it won't let you get bored
What is plasticine?
This is molding material.
It is soft and colorful.
What is plasticine?
This is a means for fantasies,
We are interested in playing with him!
Thank you for your attention!