For such a short combat and life path, the sniper heroine distinguished herself by many achievements. She was one of the most accurate snipers of the war, gave odds to many men in this matter. Tatyana destroyed 120 fascists; thanks to her last feat, the 104th height near Kerch was taken. The girl, by her example, raised hundreds of Red Army soldiers into battle, the first to jump out of the trench towards the enemy. In this battle, she personally killed 15 Germans.
Sniper Kostyrina was not only an example in battle, but also a pleasant, friendly person. In the regiment, she enjoyed universal love. The fame of her feat for many months thundered in the division and inspired the fighters. Initially, Tatyana was buried in the place where she died, in Adzhimushkay. But then her grave was transferred to the Kerch military cemetery.
The feat of young Tatyana was described in the essay "Girl from the Kuban" by I. Kryukov. A village in the Leninsky district of Crimea and streets in her native Kropotkin and Kerch were named in her honor. And in the village of Kostyrino, a monument was erected to her, which the locals simply call "The Heroine".
The deep meaning inherent in the old saying gives the Cossack a special role in the events of our history. And it is not for nothing that the Cossacks celebrate the Day of the Cossack Mother. The main purpose of a woman is the preservation of the hearth. Her highest happiness is motherhood. However, life in a military situation presented its own requirements, which had to be met.
During the period of development of the Kuban, the Cossacks carried out military service constantly and without exception, "everyone from 15 to 60 years old." While the husband was gone on campaigns, the wife herself ran the household. Often, it happened, she took a gun in her hands. As wrote pre-revolutionary military historian Vasily Potto: "A woman, an eternal worker in peacetime, in moments of danger was a full-fledged fighter among the Cossacks, like her father, husband, son or brother."
Young Cossacks were taught to ride a horse and fight
The Cossack girl was brought up as a future wife, mother, keeper of the hearth, who knew any work - including men's. Until the age of 13, they even played the same games with boys, learning some military wisdom, such as riding a horse. The girl could already not only ride, but also manage a skiff, deftly wield a lasso, a bow and a self-propelled gun. To survive in the conditions of the Caucasian war, one had to be able to defend oneself.
For more than two centuries, the Cossacks have been celebrating the Day of the Cossack Mother on December 4 (November 21, old style), which falls on the feast of the Entry into the Temple Holy Mother of God. Empress Catherine the Great instituted the “Babi holiday” in honor of the victory in the battle for the village of Naurskaya. In 1774, the village was surrounded by a detachment of nine thousand Tatars and Turks. Combat Cossacks were on the march, and a hundred and fifty women came out to the rampart to repel the onslaught. How desperately they fought, the Mozdok commandant described:
“Some with guns, and others with scythes… some of the women turned out to be those who fired up to twenty charges from guns, and one of them, being with a scythe, at the enemy, when he rushed to the shaft to the slingshot, cut off his head and took possession of his gun” .
Women dragged cannons, beat with buckshot. They boiled resin, poured it on the heads of the invaders. According to legend, even a vat of “boiling pork soup” was used ... Catherine II awarded the brave Cossack women with medals and established a holiday in their glory. The famous battle took place on Chechen soil. However, comparable military conflicts occurred throughout the territory of the developed lands.
George Cross of Anna Serdyukova
More than once, the Kuban Cossacks had to defend their villages. One of the sources tells about Ulyana Linskaya, a brave defender of the Poltava kuren. Ulyana was honored as "the first woman-hero", because "when repelling the attack of one of the attackers, Ulyana drowned in a barrel of kvass." One of the most striking evidence of military prowess dates back to 1862, when 35 scouts held the defense against the mountaineers at the Lipkinsky post. When the commander Yefim Gorbatko was killed, his wife Marianna "with a terrible cry" rushed, protecting his corpse, to the highlanders. Having killed one with a shot from a gun, she stabbed the second with a bayonet ...
Direct evidence of participants in the Russian-Caucasian war has survived to this day. Apollon Shpakovsky, who began his service as a midshipman and “became a Cossack by the will of fate and superiors,” served on the front line of the Labinsk line. He describes an incident that occurred in the 40s. XIX century with 16-year-old Cossack Anna Serdyukova. Anna was working in the garden when she noticed the approach of six horsemen.
“The mountaineer, who was chasing her closer, threw a dagger at his victim, but fate did not let her die: the dagger, flying from the side, stuck far ahead ... Instinctively, she grabbed the fallen dagger, holding it with the tip back. At this time, the mountaineer ran up and seized her, but by what occasion, she herself does not remember, the dagger went right through the stomach of the mountaineer, who fell down with her. The girl was captured, apparently, had a fact of violence ... She came to her senses when the highlanders stopped for the night. The captive, “not feeling threatened by her,” was not tied up. Anna waited until everyone fell asleep, took the dagger from the leader and stuck it in his throat. She grabbed the saber and pistol of the dead man, began to chop ... The last one, who managed to jump up, "under the influence panic fear started to run; but the furious Anna chased after him, and the shot put him on the spot too. Anna Serdyukova received the St. George Cross of the first degree, a lifetime pension of 50 silver rubles and a gold bracelet - a gift from the commander-in-chief, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov.
The famous chronicler Fyodor Shcherbina also left a lot of evidence of desperate Cossack women. For example, when the highlanders attacked the village of Pashkovskaya, one resourceful widow, "bringing a couple of oxen out of the stall, tied them up in plain sight." After that, having taken a “favorable position”, with well-aimed shots she began to “meet the Circassians”.
"Hussar ballad" on the Kuban land
The story of Serdyukova is a "standard" example of how "the high chest of a Cossack woman was adorned by Georgy for a military feat." An example of a “non-standard” is Elena Choba, a native of the village of Rogovskaya. She went to war after her husband, who died on the fronts of the First World War. She came to Lieutenant-General Babych with short hair, in a Circassian coat and hat. Ladies were not allowed to military service then. Permission was given to "Cossack Mikhail Chobe." And soon in the Kuban Cossack Bulletin there was a correspondence about Mikhail: “The enemy tried to forge one of our units and batteries in a tight ring, Chobe managed to break through and save two of our batteries from death, who did not at all assume that the Germans were close. Choba received the St. George Cross for his heroic deed.
There were others ... They served so well that their gender was revealed only as a result of severe wounds. In 1915, the Kuban Regional Gazette reported that in the Kiev infirmary "there is a girl ensign Alexandra Lagereva, a boarding school student who fled to war under male name... Lagereva, being at the head of six Cossacks, captured 18 German lancers. Ekaterinodar "gymnasium student" was awarded the St. George's crosses of three degrees. Unfortunately, for obvious reasons, very little or not at all is known about many "heroes". Including - about the Kuban Cossack Matveyeva, the first woman awarded with a cross.
"Baby Riots"
Historians call "Amazonism" a universal phenomenon for different times and peoples. But among the Cossacks it is special, since it manifested itself not only in the war. Men, when civil courage was required, retreated, and they called fire upon themselves. A separate page in the history of the region is "women's riots".
The old-timer of Mingrelskaya Sergey Damnitsky spoke about the events of the hungry 1932:
“Closer to the market, there is a post office. The grandmothers fled. Well, here - "Give us a king" - grunted. The king?.. How did they give the king! They took it, yes a whip. Right now, we'll give you a king! Women's uprising, peasants ne bulo.
The most famous riot - 1990 - thundered throughout the country. Then, because of the events in Nagorno-Karabakh, the mobilization of men was announced. Kuban women went to protest rallies - and husbands, sons and brothers returned home ...
Igor Vasiliev, Candidate of Historical Sciences:
The norm among the Kuban Cossacks, like all Eastern Slavs, was considered patriarchy. This was facilitated by the military specificity of the Cossack culture. However, the Cossack warrior spent a lot of time in the service. Many chores, often men's, were shouldered by women. The Cossack woman had to be strong, make decisions. As a result, in different families, and in different villages, their own, special way of life developed. Often with a bias towards radical patriarchy. Sometimes - in favor of the status of a Cossack. Different factors come into play in different cases.
Mother Cossack is a significant historical character. Clever, businesslike, bright... Perhaps her main feat is that under the Soviets she managed to preserve Cossack traditions, folklore, and the Orthodox faith. When the Cossacks, in the first place - men, were exterminated and broken.
TOPIC: "Outstanding personalities in the history of the Kuban ».
Goals:
To acquaint with outstanding personalities in the history of the Kuban
Develop the ability to use reference, encyclopedic literature.
To cultivate a sense of pride in one's land, respect for its inhabitants.
Equipment: presentation of photographs of fellow countrymen who glorified the Kuban, signs-symbols "Defenders of the Fatherland", "Science and Art", "Sport", "Agriculture"
Guys, how do you understand the expression "an outstanding person"?
Why do you think prominent people gone down in history?
The name of which Russian Empress is associated with the history of our region"? CatherineII- Russian Empress. In 1792, she signed the Highest Diploma on granting the Black Sea Army the island of Fanagoria and the territory of the right bank of the Kuban, from the mouth of the Laba River to the mouth of the Yei River. In 1793, the military Cossack government decided to build the city of Ekaterinodar.
The Kuban land is rich in poets and writers, artists and composers, athletes, people who defended our native land from enemies.
On the board - the symbol of "Defenders of the Fatherland" and photographs. Which of these people do you know?
Chepega Zakhary Alekseevich- ataman of the Black Sea army. He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to the Kuban.
Golovaty Anton Andreevich- one of the founders of the Black Sea Cossack army.
Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich(1788 - 1851) - naval commander and navigator. Commander of the Black Sea Fleet.
Nedorubov Konstantin Iosifovich - captain. Member of the First World War and civil wars. In 1942, he commanded a squadron of the people's militia, participated in the famous cavalry attacks of the 4th Kuban Cossack Corps against the Nazi invaders.
Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich (1913 - 1985) is an air marshal. Three times Hero of the Secular Union. During the war, he commanded the 16th aviation regiment, whose headquarters was in Art. Kalininskaya.
Alekseeko Vladimir Avraamovich(1923-1995) - lieutenant general. During the years of the Great Patriotic War made 292 combat pilots, destroyed 118 vehicles, 53 railway cars.
Which of these defenders of our settlement (district) do we know?
The symbol "Science and Art" and photographs are hung on the board. Which of these people do you know?
Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich(1849 -1936) - founder of Russian budget statistics, local historian. Born in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya. Author of "History of the Kuban Army".
Felitsyn Evgeny Dmitrievich(1848 -1903) - historian. Compiled maps of Yekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk.
Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich(1842 - 1921) - geographer, geologist, author of works on the theory of anarchism.
Lukyanenko Pavel Panteleimonovich(1901 - 1973) - scientist-breeder. Developed new varieties of wheat.
Before the war, he worked at St. Korenovskaya.
Pustovoit Vasily Stepanovich- scientist-breeder. Brought new varieties of sunflower.
Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich(1862 - 1942) - artist. Honored Art Worker of Russia. He worked on poetic, religious images. Lived and worked in Armavir.
Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilievich(1874 - 1940) - director, actor, teacher. He worked in Novorossiysk, organized several theater groups.
Ponomarenko Grigory Fedorovich- composer. Lived and worked in Krasnodar. Author of more than 200 songs about the Kuban land.
Zapashny Mstislav Mikhailovich- circus performer, director and former head of the Sochi circus.
Which of the figures of science and art do you still know? Which of them was our countryman?
On the board - the sign "Sport" and photographs.
Machuga Vladimir Nikolaevich- sportsman. World and European champion in sports acrobatics. A native of St. Pereyaslavskaya, Bryukhovetsky district.
Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich- chess player International Grandmaster. Born in Tuapse.
Kafelnikov Evgeny Alexandrovich - tennis player. Born in Sochi. Won the Open Championships of France, Australia. Who else among the athletes who glorified the Kuban, do you know? Sign "Agriculture".
Kuzovlev Anatoly Tikhonovich- organizer of agricultural production. For 30 years he has been the head of one of the largest joint-stock agro-industrial enterprises of the Kuban "Kolos".
Tell us about the leaders of agriculture in our region. Tell us about those who glorified our school.
Questions for consolidation: Solve the crossword:
1. Chess player. International Grandmaster.
Air Marshal. Three times Hero of the Secular Union.
Scientist-breeder. Brought new varieties of sunflower.
Kosh ataman of the Black Sea army. He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to the Kuban.
Organizer of agricultural production. For 30 years he has been the head of one of the largest joint-stock agro-industrial enterprises of the Kuban "Kolos".
Circus performer, director and former leader Sochi circus.
Historian. Compiled maps of Yekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk.
1. Kramnik. 2. Pokryshkin. 3. Empty. 4. Chepega. 5. Kuzovlev. 6. Zapashny. 7. Felitsyn.
Homework: compiling a mini-encyclopedia "Outstanding personalities Krasnodar Territory».
Tatiana Skryagina
Outstanding people of the Kuban. Part 1
Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko
(1920 – 1994)
Flight commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front). Guard Lieutenant, Hero Soviet Union.
Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was born on December 1, 1920 in Krasnodar in a working class family. She graduated from high school in the city of Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Territory, studied at the airship building institute (hereinafter Moscow Aviation Technology Institute).
E. A. Zhigulenko graduated from the pilot school at the Moscow flying club. She was in the Red Army from October 1941. In 1942 she graduated from navigator courses at the Military Aviation Pilot School and advanced training courses for pilots.
She was on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from May 1942, by November 1944 she made 773 night sorties, inflicted heavy damage on the enemy in manpower and equipment.
While still a schoolgirl, Zhenya decided to finish two classes in a year. I spent the whole summer studying textbooks and successfully passed the exams. From the seventh grade - immediately to the ninth! In the tenth grade, she wrote an application with a request to be enrolled as a student at the N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. She was told that women were not admitted to the academy.
Another would have calmed down and began to look for another occupation. But Zhenya Zhigulenko was not like that. She writes a hot, excited letter to the Commissar of Defense. And she receives an answer that the question of her admission to the academy will be considered if she receives a secondary aviation technical education.
Zhenya enters the Moscow Airship Institute, and at the same time graduates from the Central Aeroclub named after. V. P. Chkalov.
At the beginning of the war, Evgenia Andreevna made persistent attempts to get to the front, and her efforts were crowned with success. She begins service in the regiment, which later became the Taman Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov Aviation Regiment of Night Bombers. The brave pilot spent three years at the front. Behind her shoulders were 968 sorties, after which enemy warehouses, convoys, and airfield facilities burned.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 23, 1945, Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and two Orders of the Red Star.
After the war, Yevgenia Zhigulenko spent another ten years serving in Soviet army, graduated from the Military-Political Academy, then worked in cultural institutions Kuban. The versatility of Yevgenia Andreevna's nature was manifested in the fact that she mastered another profession - a film director. Her first feature film "Night witches in the sky" dedicated to female pilots and navigators of the famous regiment.
Elena Choba
Kuban Cossack, under the name of Mikhail Choba, fought on the fronts of the First World War. She was awarded the St. George medals of the 3rd and 4th degrees, the St. George's Cross of the 4th degree.
About two centuries ago, in the Russian troops fighting against Napoleon's army, they started talking about the mysterious cornet Alexander Alexandrov. As it turned out later, the cavalry girl Durova served under this name in the Lithuanian Lancers Regiment. No matter how Nadezhda hid her belonging to the fair sex, the rumor that a woman was fighting in the army spread throughout Russia. The unusual nature of this incident worried everything for a long time. society: the young lady preferred the hardships of military life and mortal risk to reading sentimental novels. A century later Kuban Cossack of the village of Rogovskaya Elena Choba stood in front of the village society to petition for her sending to the front.
On July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. When the news reached Yekaterinodar, an urgent mobilization of all parts and subdivisions - messengers went to remote villages. The conscripts, saying goodbye to peaceful life, saddled their horses. Gathered to the front and Rogovskoy Cossack Mikhail Choba. To equip a young Cossack in a cavalry regiment was difficult: you need to buy a horse, ammunition - the list of the complete Cossack right included more than 50 necessary things. The Choba spouses did not live well, so they sent the horseless Mikhail on a cart to the Plastunovsky regiment.
Elena Choba was left alone to work and run the household. But it is not in the Cossack character to sit quietly when the enemy came to their native land. Elena decided to go to the front, stand up for Russia and went to the respected residents in the village council. The Cossacks gave their permission.
After the stanitsa elders supported Elena's request to be sent to the front, she was to meet with the chief Kuban region. Elena came to an appointment with Lieutenant General Mikhail Pavlovich Babych with short hair, in a gray cloth Circassian coat and hat. After listening to the petitioner, the ataman gave permission to be sent to the army and, in a fatherly way, admonished the Cossack Mikhail (by this name she wished to be called).
And a few days later the train rushed Elena-Michael to the front. The magazine told about how the Rogov woman fought « Kuban Cossack Bulletin» : “In the heat of fire, under the incessant roar of cannons, under the incessant rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, according to the testimony of comrades, our Mikhailo did his job without fear and reproach.
Looking at the young and fearless figure of their brave comrade-in-arms, his comrades indefatigably marched on the enemies ahead of Mikhail, not suspecting at all that Rogovskaya Cossack Elena Choba was hiding under the Circassian Cossack. During our withdrawal, when the enemy tried to forge one of our part and batteries, Elena Chobe managed to break through the enemy’s ring and save two of our batteries from death, which had absolutely no idea of the proximity of the Germans, and withdraw the batteries from the closing German ring without any damage on our part. For this heroic feat, Choba received the St. George Cross of the 4th degree.
For fights, Elena Choba has the 4th and 3rd degree St. George medals and the St. George Cross of the 4th degree. She refused the latter, leaving it with the regimental banner.
Further information about the fate of the famous Rogov woman is contradictory. Some saw Elena in the village in the Red Army Budenovka on her head, others heard that after the battle near the village of Slavyanskaya she was shot by whites, others said that she had emigrated.
Only many years later, some details of the life of the fighting heroine-Cossack became known. In 1999, in the Krasnodar Regional Museum-Reserve named after. E. D. Felitsyna opened an exhibition "Russian Fates". Among the exhibits was a photograph of an American theater troupe « Kuban horsemen» presented to the museum by a 90-year-old Cossack from Canada. The picture was taken in 1926 in the city of San Luis. In the front row in a white Circassian coat and hat is the legendary Cossack Elena Choba from Kuban village of Rogovskaya.
Anton Andreevich Golovaty
(1732 or 1744, Poltava province - 01/28/1797, Persia)
The whole history of the Cossacks Kuban Until the end of the 18th century, it was inextricably linked with the name of the military judge Anton Andreevich Golovaty. This is an outstanding, gifted, original personality.
Anton Golovaty was born in the town of Novye Sanzhary, Poltava province in 1732. (according to other sources, in 1744) in a wealthy Little Russian family. He studied at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but dreaming of military exploits, went to the Zaporozhian Sich. For courage, literacy and a lively mind of a young Cossack, the Cossacks christened him "Heady".
Being a cheerful, witty man, Golovaty served easily, quickly moving up in the service - from a simple Cossack to a smoking ataman. For his military exploits he was awarded orders and thank you letters from Catherine II.
But his main merit is that the delegation of the Black Sea Cossacks achieved the signing on June 30, 1792 of the manifesto on the allocation of land to the Black Sea on Taman and Kuban.
Anton Golovaty had an innate diplomatic talent, which was clearly reflected in his administrative and civil activities. After moving to Kuban, acting as ataman, Anton Andreevich supervised the construction of roads, bridges, post stations. In order to better manage the army, he introduced "Order of Common Benefit"- a law that establishes the permanent power of the rich elite in the army. He demarcated the villages of kurens, divided the Black Sea coast into five districts, and fortified the border.
Golovaty was also engaged in diplomatic negotiations with trans-Kuban Circassian princes who expressed a desire to accept Russian citizenship.
On February 26, 1796, Anton Golovaty led a thousandth detachment of Cossacks and joined them in "Persian Campaign", but suddenly fell ill with a fever and died on January 28, 1797.
Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky
(1774–1825)
For a long time the name of this remarkable man was forgotten. He lived only 49 years, but how much good, eternal, reasonable he did! The priest's son, military archpriest Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky came to Kuban June 19, 1803. This talented, educated man devoted his entire short life to a noble cause - the enlightenment of the Cossacks. Kirill Vasilievich in his sermons explained to believers about the benefits of education, about the significance of schools for the people. In 27 churches he opened in the region, he organized the collection of money for the construction of schools. For a long time, Kirill Vasilyevich himself taught at the Ekaterinodar School. There were no textbooks, so all the training was conducted according to the compiled Rossinsky "handwritten notebooks". Later, Kirill Vasilyevich wrote and published a textbook "Brief Spelling Rules", withstood two editions - in 1815 and 1818. Now these books are stored in a special fund of the Russian state library as unique publications. Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky gave a lot of spiritual strength and knowledge to literature and science, wrote poetry, historical and geographical essays. In Yekaterinodar, he was also known as a physician who hurried to the sick at any time and in any weather. His devotion to the cause, disinterestedness, kindness amazed his contemporaries.
In 1904, the library opened at the Dmitrievsky School by the Yekaterinodar charitable society was named after Rossinsky. In honor of Kuban Enlightener named one of the universities of Krasnodar - the Institute of International Law, Economics, Humanities and Management.
Mikhail Pavlovich Babych
Mikhail Pavlovich Babych, the son of one of the valiant conquering officers of the Western Caucasus - Pavel Denisovich Babych, about whose exploits and glory, the people composed songs. All paternal qualities were bestowed on Mikhail, who was born on July 22, 1844 in the family home of Yekaterinodar on Bursakovskaya Street, 1 (corner of Fortress). From a very early age, the boy was prepared for military service.
After successfully graduating from the Mikhailovsky Voronezh Cadet Corps and the Caucasian Training Company, young Babych began to gradually move up the military career ladder and receive military orders. In 1889 he was already a colonel. On February 3, 1908, a decree was issued appointing him, already in the rank of lieutenant general, as a chief ataman. Kuban Cossack army. With a hard hand and harsh measures, he restores order in Yekaterinodar, where at that time terrorist revolutionaries are rampant. Under the constant threat of death, Babych performed his responsible duty and strengthened his Kuban economics and morality. Per short term they did a lot of general cultural, good deeds. Cossacks called ataman "Riddy Batko", since each Cossack personally felt his care, his zeal. The general cultural activity of M. Babych was appreciated not only by the Russian population. He was deeply respected by other peoples who lived on Kuban. It was only thanks to his care and efforts that the construction of the Black Sea Kuban railway, launched an attack on Kuban plavni.
March 16, 1917 the official newspaper in last time reported on the former Ataman Mikhail Pavlovich Babych. In August 1918, he was brutally murdered by the Bolsheviks in Pyatigorsk. The body of the long-suffering general was buried in the tomb of the Catherine's Cathedral.
Memory of a great patriot and guardian Kuban land M P. Babych, the last Chieftain, is alive in the hearts of the Russian people. On August 4, 1994, at the place where the family home of Ataman stood, the cultural fund Kuban Cossacks opened a memorial plaque (the work of A. Apollonov, perpetuating his memory.
Alexey Danilovich Bezkrovny
Among the hundreds of Russian names shining in the rays of military glory, the name of the valiant Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army Alexei Danilovich Bezkrovny is attractive with special magnetism. He was born into a wealthy senior officer family. In 1800, fifteen years old
Aleksey Bezkrovny, brought up in the fighting traditions of his grandfather, signed up for the Cossacks and left his father's house - Shcherbinovsky kuren.
Already in the first skirmishes with the highlanders, the teenager showed amazing skill and fearlessness.
In 1811, during the formation of the Black Sea Guards Hundred, A. Bezkrovny, distinguished combat officer, who possessed extraordinary physical strength, had a penetrating mind and a noble soul, was enrolled in its original composition and honorably carried the title of guardsman through the entire Patriotic War of 1812-1814. For courage and bravery at the Battle of Borodino, Alexei Bezkrovny received the rank of centurion. During the retreat of Kutuzov's army from Mozhaisk to Moscow, the fearless Cossack fought off all attempts of the enemy to break forward for 4 hours. For this feat and other avant-garde military deeds, Bloodless was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For Courage". The retreating enemy tried to burn the ships with bread, but the guards did not allow the French to destroy the grain. For his valor, Bezkrovny was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow. At the request of Platov, Bezkrovny with the Black Sea hundred was enrolled in his corps. With the light hand of M. I. Kutuzov himself, the Cossacks called him "commander without error".
On April 20, 1818, Alexei Danilovich received the rank of colonel for military merit. In 1821, he returned to his father's land and continues to serve in the detachment of another hero of the Patriotic War, General M. G. Vlasov. In May 1823, he was sent with the 3rd Cavalry Regiment to the border of the Kingdom of Poland, and then to Prussia. From the next campaign, A. D. Bezkrovny returned to Chernomoria only on March 21, 1827. And six months later (September 27) he, as the best and most talented military officer, is appointed by the Highest Will to the military, and then to the Chieftain.
In May - June 1828 A. D. Bezkrovny with his detachment involved in the siege of the Turkish fortress of Anapa under the command of Prince A. S. Menshikov. For the victory over the Turks and the fall of the impregnable fortress, A. Bezkrovny was promoted to the rank of major general and awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Then - for new exploits - the second golden saber, decorated with diamonds.
Two features were especially characteristic of Bloodless: rare courage in battles and deep humanity in civilian life.
In January 1829, Alexei Danilovich commanded one of the detachments directed against the Shapsugs. In 1930, the Cossack knight again participates in the fight against abreks, with the famous Kazbich himself, who threatened the Cossack city of Yekaterinodar. In the same year he built Kuban three fortifications: Ivanovsko-Shebskoe, Georgi-Afipskoe and Alekseevskoe (named after Alexei Bezkrovny himself).
The health of the famous ataman was undermined. His heroic odyssey is over. The appointment of A. D. Bezkrovny as Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army caused envy in the circle of the tribal Cossack aristocracy. He, the hero of 1812, could fight and defeat the external enemies of the Fatherland. But he could not overcome the envious internal ones. Hounded by enemies, with an unhealed wound in his side, Bloodless lived in isolation in his Ekaterinodar estate. He gave 28 years of service to the Fatherland. Participated in 13 large military campaigns, 100 separate battles - and did not know a single defeat.
Alexei Danilovich died on July 9, 1833, on the day of the holy martyr Theodora, and was buried in the almshouse courtyard, at the first Cossack cemetery located here.
Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko
I will happy if my songs will live among the people.
V. G. Zakharchenko
Composer, artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir, Honored Art Worker and People's Artist of Russia, Honored Art Worker of Adygea, People's Artist of Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Russia, Professor, Hero of Labor Kuban, Academician of the International Academy of Information, Academician of the Russian Academy of Humanities, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional Culture of Krasnodar state university culture and arts, chairman of the charitable foundation for the revival of folk culture Kuban"Origins", member of the Union of Composers of the Russian Federation, member of the Presidium of the Russian Choral Society and the All-Russian Musical Society.
The future composer lost his father early, he died in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. The memory of her mother, Natalya Alekseevna, remained in the smell of the bread she baked, in the taste of her homemade sweets. The family had six children. Mom always worked, and when she worked, she usually sang. These songs so naturally entered the children's life that over time they became a spiritual need. The boy listened to the wedding round dances, the game of local virtuoso accordion players.
In 1956, Viktor Gavrilovich entered the Krasnodar Music and Pedagogical School. After graduating from it, he became a student of the Novosibirsk State Conservatory. M. I. Glinka at the Faculty of Choral Conducting. Already in the 3rd year, V. G. Zakharchenko was invited to a high position - the chief conductor of the State Siberian Folk Choir. The next 10 years of work in this post is a whole era in the development of the future master.
1974 - a turning point in the fate of V. G. Zakharchenko. A talented musician and organizer becomes the artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir. started happy and an inspired time for the creative upsurge of the team, the search for its original Kuban repertoire, creation of scientific-methodical and concert-organizational base. V. G. Zakharchenko - founder of the Center for Folk Culture Kuban, children's art school at Kuban Cossack choir. But his main brainchild is the State Kuban Cossack Choir. The choir has achieved a stunning result on many venues peace: in Australia, Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Czechoslovakia, America, Japan. Twice, in 1975 and 1984, he won the All-Russian competitions State Russian folk choirs. And in 1994 he received highest rank- academic, was awarded two State premiums: Russia - them. M. I. Glinka and Ukraine - them. T. G. Shevchenko.
Patriotic pathos, a sense of one's own participation in the life of the people, civil responsibility for the fate of the country - this is the main line of the composer's work of Viktor Zakharchenko.
In recent years, he has been expanding his musical and thematic range, the ideological and moral orientation of his work. The lines of poems by Pushkin, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Yesenin, Blok, Rubtsov sounded differently. The boundaries of the traditional song have already become narrower. Ballads-confessions, poems-reflections, songs-revelations are created. This is how the poems came about. "I will jump"(to poems by N. Rubtsov, "The Power of the Russian Spirit"(on the verses of G. Golovatov, new editions of the poem "Rus" (to lyrics by I. Nikitin).
The titles of his works speak for themselves. "Nabat"(to verses by V. Latynin, “You can’t understand Russia with the mind”(on verses by F. Tyutchev, "Help the weaker" (to verses by N. Kartashov).
V. G. Zakharchenko revived the traditions Kuban military singing choir, founded in 1811, including in its repertoire, in addition to folk and author's songs, Orthodox spiritual chants. With the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, the State Kuban Cossack choir accepts participation in church worship. In Russia, this is the only team that has been awarded such a high honor.
Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko - Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional Culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art. He conducts extensive scientific research activities, he has collected over 30 thousand folk songs and traditional rites - a historical heritage Kuban village; collections of songs published Kuban Cossacks; hundreds of arrangements and folk songs have been recorded on gramophone records, CDs, and videos.
Municipal formation Tuapse district
Municipal budgetary educational institution
average comprehensive school No. 34 pgt. Dzhubga
Classroom hour in 5 "B" class on the topic:
Prepared by: Troshina A.V.
Class hour at 5 "B" on the topic: " Famous people of the Krasnodar Territory.
Event goals:
P to acquaint students with outstanding personalities in the history of the Kuban;
Cultivate a sense of pride in their land, respect for its inhabitants;
To develop feelings of patriotism on the examples of heroism and dedication of the famous representatives of the region;
Contribute to the formation of an active position aimed at the participation of young people in the economic and socio-political life of their region.
Equipment: computer, projector, image of the emblem, anthem, flag of the Kuban.
Event progress.
1. Introductory speech of the teacher .
Our today's class hour is called “Famous people of the Krasnodar Territory. People are the main wealth of our region. Those who teach children, sow wheat, build, plow the oceans. And each of them dreams of a wonderful future for their children. The well-being and prosperity of the Krasnodar Territory is the result of the efforts of its inhabitants, the parents of the Kuban land, its defenders. Today Kuban is confidently looking into the future.
Native land! Your gardens and fields
Chains of mountains, gray distance of the seas.
If you were, and we will be alive
Your generosity and joy.
(I. Varrava)
2. The main part.
And now let's get acquainted with the heroes who glorified the Kuban with their work.
Padalka Gennady Ivanovich(born June 21, 1958 in Krasnodar) - Russian cosmonaut, Air Force colonel. As of September 12, 2015, Padalka ranks first in terms of the duration of being in space - 878 days. Gennady Ivanovich Padalka was born on June 21, 1958 in the city of Krasnodar in the family of a tractor driver. The 89th cosmonaut of Russia and the 384th cosmonaut of the world, commander spaceship"Soyuz TM-28" and orbital research complex "Mir", pilot-cosmonaut of the Russian Federation, lieutenant colonel.
In October 1979 he graduated from the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School named after V.M. Komarov. From December 1979 he served as a pilot in the 559th fighter-bomber aviation regiment as part of the 105th fighter-bomber aviation division of the 61st Guards Fighter Aviation Corps of the 16th Air Army of the Air Force of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.From August 13, 1998 to February 28, 1999 he made his first space flight as an expedition commander to the Mir and Soyuz TM-28 spacecraft. He launched together with S.V. Avdeev and Yu.M. Baturin. During the flight he made one spacewalk, duration 5 hours 54 minutes. From April 19 to October 24, 2004, he made his second space flight as the crew commander of the ISS main expedition and the Soyuz TMA-4 spacecraft. At the station from April 21 to October 23, 2004. During the flight, he performed four spacewalks. The flight duration was 187 days 21 hours 16 minutes 9 seconds. From March 26 to October 11, 2009 he made his third space flight as commander of the Soyuz TMA-14 spacecraft and commander of the 19th and 20th main expeditions of the ISS. During the flight he performed two spacewalks.Awarded: the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd (04.2.2010) and 4th (02.23.2005) degrees, medals. Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Ponomarenko Grigory Fedorovich - the great Soviet composer, People's Artist of the USSR, was born in the village of Morovsk, Ostersky district, Chernihiv region in Ukraine, into a peasant family. Since childhood, Grigory Fedorovich showed a love for music. Here ends the text of the eleventh slide In 1959-60. Fedor Grigorievich, together with V.F. Sideways create the famous song - "Orenburg downy shawl". In 1972, at the invitation of the Krasnodar Regional Committee, Grigory Fedorovich came to the festival "Kuban Musical Spring". He liked the Kuban so much that at the end of the summer of that year he became a local composer.
In the Kuban, Ponomarenko writes such well-known songs to the verses of local poets as “The Cossack went to the Kuban”, “Krasnodar Spring”, “Oh village, dear village” (to the verses of Ivan Varavva), “Kubanochka”, “Working hands”, “Planted I am gardens” (to poems by Sergei Khokhlov), “I planted gardens”. "Khutora" (to the words of Tatiana Golub), "Krasnodar Krasnaya Street" (to the words of the poet Nikolai Dorizo). Here ends the text of the twelfth slide G.F. Ponomarenko laureate of the Prize. K.V. Rossinsky Administration of the Krasnodar Territory (1995), honorary citizen of the city of Krasnodar (1993), honorary member of the Krasnodar State Academy Recording companies of the USSR, Russia, England, Japan, Germany, Finland released more than 30 records of works by G.F. Ponomarenko, 4 CDs, about 30 collections of songs have been published. He is the author of music for performances staged at the Maly Theater of the USSR, the theaters of Omsk, Kuibyshev, Gorky, Rostov. Krasnodar and other cities. He wrote songs for the films "Stepmother", "Fatherlessness", "Ah, autumn, autumn", etc. In 1985 I. G.F. Ponomarenko was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR, in 1990 - People's Artist of the USSR. Grigory Fedorovich died tragically - in a car accident on January 7, 1996, a month before his 75th birthday. Throughout his life, G.F. Ponomarenko wrote music for about 970 works. On February 2, 2001, a monument to Grigory Fedorovich Ponomarenko was erected in Krasnodar and a memorial plaque on the house where he lived. The Memorial Museum-Apartment of the People's Artist of the USSR G.F. Ponomarenko.
Zakharchenko Viktor Gavrilovich artistic director Kuban Cossack Choir. On October 14, 1811, the foundation of professional musical activity in the Kuban was laid, the glorious creative way Black Sea Military Choir. On October 14, 1974, Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko, a folklorist, choirmaster and composer, was appointed artistic director of the choir. With the arrival of Viktor Gavrilovich to lead the choir, the team rose to the heights of creativity and gained worldwide fame.
For 35 years of his activity in the Kuban, V. G. Zakharchenko managed to fully realize his artistic aspirations and bring the team to new creative frontiers. Today the team consists of 146 artists. During the leadership of the choir, V. G. Zakharchenko turned the choir into an international-class ensemble. The choir's tour geography is boundless, it is applauded on five continents, in dozens of countries around the world. Now he is based in Krasnodar, in his own building, specially allocated for him by the leadership of the Krasnodar Territory.
The choir took an active part in the opening and closing of the Sochi 2014 Olympic Games. The Cultural-Olympic project of the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir has been prepared for the 2014 Olympics: “22 concerts of the Kuban Cossack Choir - for the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi!” - it was a special Olympic tour of the team in the capitals of the Winter Olympics and gr.
The concept of the Kuban Folk Culture Center, established in 1990, later renamed the State Scientific and Creative Institution (SSTU) "Kuban Cossack Choir" was developed and implemented.
upholsterersKronid Alexandrovich Obishchikov- the pride of the Kuban poetry, a famous poet and public figure of Russia. He is a participant in the Great Patriotic War, sings the feats of arms of our multinational people, the heroism of our soldiers, who bore the brunt of the war on their shoulders and, together with selfless home front workers, achieved Victory. Kronid Alexandrovich Oboyshchikov was born on April 10, 1920 in the village of Tatsinovskaya, Rostov Region. His school years were spent in the Kuban: in Bryukhovetskaya, Kropotkin, Armavir, Novorossiysk. At the end of 1940, K. Oboyshchikov graduated from the Krasnodar Military Aviation School. From the first days of the war, he participated in fierce battles, defending Odessa and Kyiv. Then his air regiment covered allied caravans in the Barents and White Seas. For courage and heroism shown in battles with the German fascist invaders. Kronid Oboyshchikov was awarded three orders and twelve medals.
And the following people attracted the attention of the whole world, became heroes in sports, Olympic winners.
Kafelnikov Evgeny Alexandrovich was born in 1974 in Sochi, Krasnodar Territory. This is the most titled tennis player in the history of Russia. The first Russian tennis player to win the Grand Slam tournament in singles and become the first racket of the world.
Chernova Ludmila Aleksandrovna(born in 1955 in Norilsk) - Soviet athlete, Olympic champion. Since 2012 - Minister of Physical Culture and Sports of the Krasnodar Territory.
Bragina Ludmila Ivanovna(born in 1943 - Soviet middle-distance runner, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, played for Dynamo (Krasnodar) Kuban at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, presented 30 athletes.
And what famous people Do you know the Krasnodar Territory?
3. Conclusion.
Teacher: We, of course, did not have time to tell about all famous people our region. There are a lot of them. With their whole lives, they proved that the heroic people live in the Kuban and their deeds are heroic!
Think, please, what contribution to the development of the Kuban can you personally make, students of the 5th "B" class?
Kuban is such a land:
Only the first beam will slip - And the field comes to life,
And the thunder of the earth floats, And the plow cuts the earth,
Like oil. All year round
Here something is sown, And something is harvested,
And something blooms. Kuban is such a land:
From end to end Two Denmarks will enter.
Washed by the seas, sheltered in the woods,
Wheat fields Looking up at the sky.
And snowy peaks - Like a gray warrior,
Like the wisdom of old. Kuban is such a land:
In it is the glory of battle And the glory of labor
Bonded with cement.
Cossack fire,
Beautiful, young
Kuban is such a land:
One day caresses -
love forever!