Exercises for the development of logical. The development of logic in adults - why is it needed? Exercises for the development of visual-figurative thinking

Logic, translated from classical Greek, is reasoning. It would seem that we all reason, therefore, it is inseparable from our mind. However, operations with reasoning are only one of the types of processes of understanding and cognition. Reflecting on the task, solving the problem, we can use one or another type of thinking or several at once.

Young children have not yet developed the ability to think logically and abstractly. Remember how kids are taught to count: in order to give the child an idea of the number “3” that does not exist in nature, he is given to touch three objects of the same type. The child will need an effort to distract himself from the insignificant differences between these objects (for example, from the fact that one of the three apples is green and the other is red) and combine the objects into one group.

Consequently, logical thinking, in contrast to figurative thinking, operates with abstract concepts. This is a special kind of comprehension process, where ready-made logical constructions, concepts, judgments are used, and in the end a conclusion or conclusion is developed. This is not to say that the use of such a construction will necessarily lead to the correct conclusion. It is also not true that if a person uses the imagination, thinks emotionally, figuratively, or listens to intuition, this will lead him to erroneous conclusions. It is good to use all types of thinking in the process of thinking about the problem, while not forgetting the critical approach.

Our understanding, starting from a specific case, proceeds to abstract logical constructions and inferences, in order, having created a solution, to transfer it again to this specific, single case. Thus, logical thinking passes through the following stages. Analysis, when we dissect a certain difficult situation into constituent characteristics or parts. At this stage, we apply the methods of induction, deduction and analogy. allows us to conclude that if something is applicable to a group of objects, then it is applicable to one object of this group. And inductive, on the contrary, suggests that some basic qualities of one object apply to all objects of the group. An analogy connects concrete objects of two different groups similar in some of their properties.

But logical thinking is not limited to simple. In its process, it goes through certain stages. The first of them is the search and determination of cause-and-effect relationships. What gave rise to this phenomenon? Why did this problem occur? The correct establishment of such connections is already the key to the success of a correct conclusion. The second stage is the separation of the main from the secondary. "After" does not mean "due to". If we accept the secondary, the particular as essential, we will construct an incorrect conclusion. Next comes the operation with concepts and judgments - in fact, the search for a solution.

Judgments can be erroneous, stereotyped. If we accept them without a critical approach, we run the risk of ending up in a dead end. At this stage, we abstract from our specific case and think globally, operating in verbal terms. There is no longer a specific image of an object in our mind, but there are linguistic constructions. Verbal-logical thinking is very important at all stages of problem solving: with the correct formulation of the question; upon identification of what caused its occurrence; when identifying what exactly needs to be created (or eliminated) in order to solve the problem. And, of course, in order to understand how to apply your abstract conclusion to this particular situation.

It would be wrong to consider that it is capable of completely replacing or displacing the figurative, sensual, intuitive and associative. Therefore, a person is stronger than a robot, because he is able to simultaneously apply all types of understanding, in addition to solving standard problems using stereotyped methods. Our emotional attitudes (likes or dislikes), our fantasy and imagination, associations that allow us to mentally compare things and concepts that are completely different from each other, sometimes lead us to completely non-trivial, illogical, but surprisingly brilliant conclusions.

Logical thinking is one of the most sought after cognitive processes in a number of professions. Interest in its development is growing. After all, it allows us to draw valuable conclusions based on the available data. Provides easier absorption in children educational material, including understanding complex tasks. Some recruiters do a logic test before an interview. Therefore, everyone should do it.

How does logical thinking work?

To understand how to develop logical thinking, you need to know its essence. It represents a thought process. In it, a person must use specific concepts and definitions. At the same time, they use different kinds experience. Based on all this, a person is able to draw certain conclusions. Therefore, in children who do not yet have sufficiently broad knowledge and extensive experience, when solving problems, their conclusions turn out to be incorrect or incomplete.

The following factors influence the level of logical thinking:

age;
work status nervous system and the brain - in premature babies, babies with hypoxia, the indicators are lower;
the degree of development of speech;
activity in the cognitive sphere;
attention, memory and other mental processes.

Human thinking is diverse. There are such types as creative, realistic, visual-effective, etc. Logical is more systemic. Its structure contains:

introductory information;
the process of reasoning and building connecting chains;
inference.

Important! The level of development of logical thinking can be improved at any age.

Reasons for the need to develop logical thinking

All people can create logical connections. It is necessary to develop this skill additionally throughout life, because:

reduced time for decision-making, task completion and drawing conclusions;
reduces the likelihood of doing the wrong thing;
the level of all thought processes improves;
increases competitiveness in the process of education or professional activity;
prolongs life.

Researchers have proven that people who develop their mental abilities live longer and maintain their mental health.

Adults need to constantly be in good shape to help the younger generation master logical operations. Children need to improve their logical thinking in order to successfully cope with the solution of mathematical problems. The modern education system is actively introducing new knowledge testing systems, where the test becomes the basis. Children with a good level of this thinking are more successful in coping with such tests. If the test causes difficulties, parents need to solve similar ones and identify weaknesses.

Ways to develop logic and thinking

All types of means that ensure the development of logical thinking can be divided into conditional groups:

reading;
logical games;
exercises and solving mathematical problems;
learning foreign languages.

It must be remembered that any experience of activity is also a factor influencing the development of logic. The more actions a person learns to carry out, the better for thinking.

For successful development various means training and development, they must be skillfully alternated with each other and given time to consolidate the acquired skills. If a test is passed, then you can return to it after 1-3 months and see if the results have improved. When solving typical problems, take breaks of 1–2 weeks in the process of mastering them.

Basic logic exercises

Everyone has experienced similar exercises. After all, they are included in the program of preschool and school education. Fans of crosswords and scanwords are also constantly engaged in self-improvement of logical operations.

Before choosing exercises, you should do a test to determine the current level in order to compare progress in the future.

You can create an exercise program yourself. Books are also published that are filled with step by step instructions and separate lessons from simple to complex. To check the assimilation of the lesson materials, it is proposed to take a test.

Attention! Improving the system of logical thinking does not imply long and exhausting activities. Just a few minutes a day to pay attention to the selected exercises.

As basic tasks, you can use:

Everyone can improve their competence in logic if they want to. This is a kind of laziness test. If constant training is not carried out, thought processes quickly slow down. There may also be disturbances in memory and attention.

Reading strengthens neural connections:

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Every day a person feels the need to use logic in solving problems. The formation and development of logical thinking is aimed at preventing mistakes that are made, despite the presence of life experience, common sense.

People need logic almost every day to solve a variety of problems. It is applied in scientific research, in the organization of official work, routine, personal life. All these spheres are based on its elements. By developing logical thinking, people can deal with other everyday problems faster and more rationally. For example, this is the ability to highlight the main thing, discarding the secondary. How to develop these skills, we will consider further.

Basic functions of logical thinking

Mental activity consistently establishes the existing connections between objects and phenomena, as well as the relationship between them. Cognition moves to a higher level than sensory perception, which gives only an external representation without understanding the principles.

This process also has a regulatory and communicative role. People often carry it out in speech form when communicating,. Thoughts are expressed in words orally or in writing. Skill acquisition begins in childhood through contact with adults. There are the following types of thinking.

Visually effective.
Visual figurative.
Verbal-logical thinking.
Abstract-logical.

The first two varieties are based on the perception of objects when interacting with them or on their images. Verbal-logical thinking includes the operation of concepts, through which the patterns and relationships of reality are known. With its development, figurative and practical representations are streamlined. Abstract-logical thinking is otherwise called abstract. It is based on the discovery of significant properties, relationships and their separation from less significant ones. Reflecting reality in the course of cognitive activity, the thought process is endowed with the following functions.

Understanding, awareness of the role of concepts, the scope of distribution. as well as their classification.
Solving problems related to life.
Comprehension of reality helps an individual to manage his activities, plan behavior, motivate them.
Reflection allows you to analyze both the activity and its result, meaningful use of knowledge.

Logic is endowed with the following list of forms

A concept is a thought reflecting objects and phenomena.
Judgment expresses attitude and evaluation to the content of a particular thought.
Inference links various thoughts into a sequence of causes and effects.

The following logic functions are distinguished

Cataloging the correct methods of thinking leading to the truth.
Development of theories for the study of ways to implement the thought process.
Formalization of the created theories in the form of symbols, signs.

Now it is easy to understand what functions logic and thinking perform together. The first in its meaning is formulated as “the science of the correct thought process” or “the art of reasoning”. Modernity defines it as the science of the laws and norms of intellectual activity. That (in turn) includes techniques, studies ways to achieve the right results in the form of truth. One of the primary tasks: to learn how it is possible to come to a conclusion from premises. And also to get accurate knowledge, then understand the aspects.

Components of logical thinking

Having realized the tasks and forms of logical thinking, one can clearly formulate the definition this concept. It is a process with evidence properties. The goal is to get a conclusion from the premises. You should also consider in detail its types.

Figurative-logical thinking

This variety is otherwise called visual-figurative thinking. The situation is presented visually, operations are performed on the images of the objects included in it. In fact, this is an imagination that allows you to give a variety of vivid characteristics. Such mental activity and logical thinking begin to form from the age of 1.5 years in childhood. You can check the level of development through the Raven Test - an auxiliary questionnaire. It allows you to derive the IQ, which is essentially a diagnostic of logical thinking with an objective assessment.

The development of 1936 by D. Raven and R. Penrose calculates IQ without dependence on education, social class of a person. The scale of progressive matrices is based on images of figures, does not include text. 60 tables are given with figures related by some dependence. The missing figure is located at the bottom of the image in the middle of 6 - 8 others. A person must establish a pattern, choose the right element that is missing. Tables are offered according to the principle of increasing the complexity of the task.

Abstract logical thinking

This kind uses non-existent categories - abstractions through which one thinks. Relationships are modeled not only for real objects, but also between the created figurative representations. It is this kind of thinking that includes forms: a concept, a judgment, a conclusion.

Verbal-logical thinking

This type uses speech constructions, language tools. Verbal or verbal-logical thinking involves the ability to speak competently with the skillful application of the thought process. These are public speaking, disputes, other situations where thoughts are expressed verbally.

Features of the development of logical thinking

Any person has the skill of processing information. That is, literally everyone thinks, considering it a natural function of the brain. The main and secondary forms of logical thinking make it possible to plan and regulate behavior. And also to draw the right conclusions from the circumstances and organize the adoption of measures. We conclude that it is necessary to have the ability to think logically, which can be developed or trained.

This intellectual characteristic includes a number of skills:

theoretical basis;
the ability to perform operations: generalize, compare, specify;
correct presentation of thoughts;
the ability to avoid delusions;
detection of errors;
finding the required arguments.

How to develop logical thinking

The skill is developed by several methods, and having studied such an art, a person will analyze information more correctly and resolve emerging problems faster. Also, the culture of logical thinking helps to build a perspective of their actions for a long period. This is facilitated by the ability to process the available information.

How to develop logical thinking, providing yourself with a comfortable response to various situations? It is necessary to learn how to calculate the available aspects, excluding unsuitable solutions, moving towards finding the correct conclusion - the conclusion. People with outstanding minds are constantly looking for new answers to the question of how to improve logical and other types of thinking. Politicians, business coaches, develop methods to help people improve.

How to develop logical thinking, moving from theory to practice? The most effective are:

puzzles in which you need to show intelligence and logic;
exercises for the development of logical thinking;
familiarity with literature, reading books;

Consider in detail how to develop logical thinking. For this, the following methods are supposed to be used.

Reading

In books, many find not only a source of wisdom, but also an opportunity to diversify themselves. If we talk about purely logical thinking, one should use scientific and fiction. There is much more knowledge regarding practical skills than in reference books. And also applied all the main forms of realization of these abilities. How to develop logical thinking through books? You need to read at least 10 sheets daily. Each line and chapter is subject to analysis, whereby the information received will remain in the head, gradually accumulating. Predictions are also made: what is the end, what will happen to the characters.

Games

An ancient example - chess develops thinking. Since childhood, many are familiar with simpler checkers. Opponents learn to foresee their actions for several moves, which leads one of them to victory. Training logical thinking will require allocating up to 3 hours a day to this lesson. Now there are many games on the computer and mobile devices. A kind of simulator available at any time of the day or night.

Special exercises

Mathematical problems of school and university programs can serve as a model. Logical forms of thinking in psychology provide for separate types that develop them. So children should learn to explain inferences, come to the right decisions.

Acquaintance with foreign languages

This gives new information that activates the abilities and activity of the brain at a very high level. A person makes associations between phrases, words, sounds from his own and foreign speech. How can logical thinking be improved in this way? There are online courses on the Internet. As well as lessons that can be downloaded. Should be practiced every day, it is recommended to enroll in a language school.

Brain Fitness Secrets

You can learn about the specifics and results of the development of mental abilities at special trainings. Brain fitness includes programs and exercises similar to physical training. The parameters and performance of the intellect are improved: super-memory or speed reading. Almost any such course requires logic and develops it. You just need to choose your field correctly, whether it be science, improving the abilities of a child, or something else.

Exercises for the development of logical thinking

On the Internet you can find a lot of educational games and riddles. These are crossword puzzles, rebuses, reversi, sudoku, which both adults and children like. For example, the game "Erudite" helps to increase vocabulary, speed up logic. You should download the game application to your computer, and then use it in free time. The brain can be trained at home, on the way in transport, in moments of waiting, while usefully spending time. To achieve maximum results, regularity is important.

They offer a variety of exercises. For example, by ordering words on one topic. A chain of concepts is built from the specific to the general: a shepherd dog - the name of the breed - a dog - an animal. You need to try to pick up as many words as possible included in the chain. Training is carried out twice a day, spending a quarter of an hour.

Courses, books for the development and training of thinking

An example of a book about the practical application of logic is Sherlock Holmes by A. Conan Doyle. You can familiarize yourself with the “Textbook of Logic” by G. I. Chelpanov. There is similar literature for schools, universities and specialized educational institutions. Additionally, development training will be effective:

memory and attention;
creative thinking, writing skills;
speed reading, oral counting;
psychology.

Thinking is the highest function of human consciousness. It reflects the world, is able to replenish its stock of knowledge, make new judgments. It is necessary to develop its logic with childhood. Then the skill to find the right solutions will appear in time.

We suggest you teach children to solve puzzles. This lesson perfectly develops logical thinking, methods of analysis and synthesis. To learn how to solve puzzles, you need to familiarize yourself with the special rules for compiling them.

Basic rules for solving puzzles

1. A noun is guessed in the nominative case.

2. Parts of a word are sometimes depicted with drawings or symbols. They may be read in different ways. For example: 1 - unit, count, one. All options need to be checked.

3. Commas before a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the beginning of the word indicated by the picture or symbol. For example: ,☆ - reads like "riding".

4. Commas after a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the end of the word indicated by the picture or symbol.

5. If equality is indicated above the figure, for example A \u003d And, then the letter A must be replaced with And.

6. If the equality 2 = And is indicated, then the second letter in the word must be replaced with And.

7. Letters or drawings may be depicted inside other letters, above them, below them, behind them and on them. This is how the parts of the words “in”, “above”, “under”, “for”, “on” are denoted.

8. The numbers above the figures mean a change in the order of the letters in the word.

Use the rules to solve puzzles.

"Addition and Subtraction"

To develop the ability to think logically, we offer exciting examples of addition and subtraction. These are special examples that do not use numbers familiar to the child, but words. With them, you need to perform mathematical operations, after guessing the original word and writing the answers in brackets. Here is a sample solution for such examples.

Addition

Given: boo + shade = unopened flower

Solution: bu + tone = bud

Subtraction

Given: mode of transport - o = unit of measurement Solution: metro - o = meter

Option 1

Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use addition to get the correct equality.

b + food = bad luck

k + insect = girl's hairstyle

y + bad weather with rain = danger

y + country house = success

o + opponent = long hole

y + child-girl = angler's tackle

o + tool = edge of the forest

c + animal hair = distributed during fun

y + one = done to the patient

m + fish soup = insect

y + ball in goal = in triangle

for + country house = needs a decision

ka + reward = whim

o + settlement = piece of land

av + tomato = weapon

ba + shade = white bread

ob + for scooping up food = on a notebook and on a book

ku + for nails \u003d hand with fingers pressed to the palms

ko + played by actor = monarch

by + misfortune = success in battle

at + pine forest = apparatus

at + battle = waves near the shore

Answers: misfortune, scythe, threat, luck, ravine, fishing rod, edge, laughter, prick, fly, angle, task, whim, vegetable garden, automatic machine, loaf, cover, fist, king, victory, device, surf.

Option 2

Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use subtraction to get the correct equality.

vessel - a \u003d money is stored there

moralizing poem - nya = deep voice

underwear - s = afraid of everything

tomato - at = separate book

shallow place in the river - b \u003d they are written on the blackboard

strong fear - great master = snake

bird - pronoun = criminal

military unit - k \u003d we walk on it at home

facial hair of a man - solemn verse = pine forest

bird - eye = garbage

flower - with = game

fantasy - ta = knight's weapon

you can cook in it - ate = pet

on the neck in winter - f = geometric figure

young plant - oc = human height

the goalkeeper is standing in them - a = on clothes around the neck

sport - c = body has right and left

Answers: bank, bass, coward, volume, chalk, already, thief, floor, boron, rubbish, lotto, sword, cat, ball, growth, gate, side.

"Next Number"

The ability to compare and analyze is well developed when performing tasks in which it is required to identify patterns. We suggest using series of numbers for this. The child needs to find a pattern within a series of numbers and continue it following the same logic.

3, 5, 7, 9 ... . (Row of odd numbers, next number 11.)

16, 22, 28, 34 ... . (Each next number is 6 more than the previous one, the next number is 40.)

55, 48, 41, 34 ... . (Each next number is less than the previous one by 7, the next number is 27.)

12, 21, 16, 61, 25 .... (In each pair of numbers, the numbers are reversed, the next number is 52.)

"Definitions"

Each object or phenomenon has many signs, but we do not always notice them. When performing this task, the child must look at objects and phenomena from different angles.

The exercise can be performed individually or collectively, in the form of a competition.

Option 1

Come up with as many definitions as possible that characterize objects or phenomena. (The task trains analysis skills, as it is necessary to distinguish parts from a whole.)

Snow - cold, fluffy, light, white, lacy, iridescent, thick, beautiful, etc.

Clouds -

Kitty -

Rainbow -

Option 2

Think over the listed definitions and guess the object or phenomenon that they characterize. (This option is more difficult, when performing synthesis skills are trained: it is necessary to combine all the signs and determine which subject they refer to. The hint is the gender of adjectives and participles.)

Gusty, hurricane, warm, piercing - wind.

Dark, quiet, lunar, black - ... (night).

Long, asphalt, forest, broken - ... (road).

Kind, caring, beloved, beautiful - ... (mother).

Short, long, cut, shiny - ... (hair).

Magical, interesting, folk, kind - ... (fairy tale).

Strong, fragrant, sweet, hot - ... (tea).

Hot, cheerful, long-awaited, sunny - ... (summer).

Loyal, shaggy, noisy, beloved - ... (dog).

Round, bright, yellow, hot - ... (sun).

"Confusion-2"

This exercise contains sentences in which some words are mixed up or replaced. In order to complete tasks, you need to use logical thinking.

Option 1

Due to unforeseen circumstances, one word disappeared from the sentence, and an inappropriate, random word took its place. Put things in order in each sentence: delete a random word and return the correct word.

I overslept this morning, I was in a hurry, but, unfortunately, I came to school before.(with delay)

I bought long loaf, presented it to the conductor and got on the train, (ticket)

It was hot outside, so Masha put on fur coat(sundress)

On the roof of my grandmother's house stick from which smoke came out when the stove was heated. (pipe)

When it dawned, we began to look into the night sky, looking at the stars and the moon. (it got dark)

I like to swim on the beach and wallow on pavement.(sand)

Option 2

And in these sentences, the words changed places, and it became very difficult to understand what was being said. Restore the correct word order in the sentences.

My friends on the children's playground were playing.

Five in the Russian language I received a lesson.

Aquarium fish are interesting to watch life.

I made all for gifts to relatives.

It was quiet on the street after fresh and thunderstorms.

You can see stars in the falling night sky in August.

"Assignments with text"

To complete the exercise, prepare excerpts from the texts.

Completing tasks with texts perfectly develops logical thinking. In this exercise, we present several options for such tasks. They apply to any passages unfamiliar to the child. literary works(fairy tales, stories, etc.).

Option 1

Read the passage and invite the child to come up with 5-7 headings for it. They should reflect the main content and be original. Tell the child that you can use the words from the text. If the exercise is performed by several people, then it can be carried out in the form of a competition.

Option 2

Read a passage consisting of 10-15 sentences and ask them to convey its content in 2-3 sentences, that is, to do brief retelling. This exercise will form the child's ability to generalize the material, to highlight the main thing. Such tasks are useful for the development of logical thinking.

Option 3

Read the passage to the child, skipping the middle part, which the child must complete. The logical connection of the insert invented by the child with the beginning and end of the original text is evaluated.

Option 4

Read the passage and invite the child to come up with a continuation of the text. This task develops both imagination and logical thinking, since the content of the continuation must be justified by the previous events described in the passage.

"Pantomime"

This game perfectly develops logical thinking. What is pantomime? Pantomime is a performance with the help of facial expressions and gestures, without words. The minimum number of participants is 5, one of them is the leader, the rest are divided into two teams. The facilitator guesses the words, monitors compliance with the rules and awards points for the correct completion of the task. Teams take turns playing the game.

The leader goes out with a member of the first team from the room in which the rest of the players are, and calls the word. For example "bath". The player must, with the help of pantomime,

show the given word to your team, whose members can ask questions. The demonstrator cannot answer, but can only nod his head or use other gestures. Its goal is to show a given object or phenomenon in such a way that the team can quickly guess. The facilitator may limit the time for pantomime. For each word guessed by the team, 1 point is awarded. Then the task is given to the second team. The game can be played with three participants, one of which is the leader. Then points are not awarded, but words are simply guessed.

All the exercises and games that are offered in this article will help children master the techniques of logical thinking, learn to think logically on practical material. The gradual complication of tasks allows you to develop logical thinking. This will help the child at school, make the process of mastering knowledge easier, more interesting and more successful.

. Help the child explain the essence of the tasks and examples of their implementation, which are given in the exercises.

The exercises proposed in the book will allow the child to independently compare, analyze, synthesize, classify.

Having mastered the skills of logical thinking, the child will learn to draw conclusions, think clearly and clearly, solve any problems. This is the surest way to excellent study!

"Cross out the excess"

For the lesson, you will need cards with rows of 4-5 words or numbers.

The child, after reading the series, must determine what common feature unites most of the words or numbers of the series, and find one extra. Then he must explain his choice.

Option 1

Words are combined in meaning.

Pan Pan,ball , plate.

A pen,doll , notebook, ruler.

Shirt,shoes , sweater dress.

Chair, sofa, stool,cupboard.

Happy,bold , joyful, happy.

Red Green,dark , blue, orange.

Bus, wheel, trolleybus, tram, bike.

Option 2

Words are not united by meaning, but by formal features (for example, they begin with one letter, with a vowel, there is the same prefix, the same number of syllables, one part of speech, etc.). When compiling such a series, you need to make sure that only one sign matches. Performing the exercise requires a high level of development of attention.

phone, fog,port , tourist. (Three words begin with the letter "T".)

April, performance, teacher,snow , rain. (Four words end in "b".)

Wall, paste,notebook , legs, arrows. (In four words, the stress falls on the first syllable.)

drawing, strength, wind, life, minute. (In four words, the second letter is "I".)

Option 3

16, 25, 73, 34 (73 is extra, for the rest the sum of the digits is 7)

5, 8, 10, 15 (8 is extra, the rest are divisible by 5)

64, 75, 86, 72 (72 is extra, the rest of the numbers have a difference of 2)

87, 65, 53, 32 (53 is too much, the rest have the first digit more than the second by 1)

3, 7, 11, 14 (14 is extra, the rest are odd)

"Invisible Words"

For the lesson, you will need to type words in which the letters are mixed.

For example, there was the word "book", it became - "nkagi". This evil sorceress got angry and made all the words invisible. It is necessary to return each word to its former, correct form. Completing a task requires a high concentration of attention. During the exercise, the ability to analyze the material is trained.

Option 1

Restore the correct order of letters in words.

Dubrzha, kluka, balnok, leon, gona, sug.

Selnots, imza, chenite, tarm, myase.

Pmisyo, kroilk, bubaksha, stovefor, bomeget.

Kovora, kirutsa, shakok, sakob.

Option 2

To make it more interesting for the child to complete the task, you can group the words into columns so that after deciphering the first letters of correctly spelled words will also form a word.

Write the invisible words correctly and read the new tree, consisting of the first letters of the deciphered words.

PTLAOK -

CHREKA -

GIRA-

VDUZOH -

ADE-

BRUAT -

Answer: hello.

VAUD -

URVAK -

CHICO -

CSSLA -

Answer: lesson.

KSOTMU -

LEWY -

OFF -

OKNEA -

Answer: cinema.

POSEK -

SHOW -

KODCHA -

AVSUTG-

CHER -

OBADI -

KHUKYAN -

Answer: a gift.

Option 3

Restore the correct order of the letters in the words and find among them one superfluous in meaning.

1. Here are invisible animals, but one word is superfluous (perch).

Yazats, devmed, black, nokyu, dexterous.

2. Here are invisible flowers, but one word is superfluous (birch).

Pyualtn, Zora, Bzerea, Snarsits, Lydnash.

3. Here the trees are invisible, but one word is superfluous (acorn).

Oinsa, bdu, zhuldier, nelk.

Option 4

Find another in one word by rearranging the letters.

1. Find the invisible animals by swapping the letters in the words.

Strength, salt, jar, peony.

2. Find the invisible game in the word.

Cone.

3. Find an invisible tree in the word.

Pump.

4. Find an item of invisible clothing in the word.

Bast shoes.

5. Find the invisible flower in the word.

Midge.

Option 5

There are many invisible words hidden in one word. For example, in the very word "word" several words are hidden: hair, solo, ox and fishing. Try to find as many invisible words as possible in the words:

pillow

keyboard

rocket

score

gift

parents

"Another Letter"

In this exercise, riddles and tasks are given, according to the conditions of which, by replacing one letter in a word, you can get a new word. The number of letters in words cannot be changed. For example: oak - tooth, dream - catfish, steam - feast.

Option 1

Guess riddles.

They can put us at school

If we don't know anything.

Well, if with the letter "T",

He meows at you.(count - cat)

Anyone will pass through it.

With the letter "P" - it pours from the forehead.(half sweat)

If "K" - the hostess is crying.

If "G" - the horse is galloping.(bow - meadow)

With "R" - she is an actor,

With "C" - everyone needs it in the kitchen.(role - salt)

With the letter "D" - the entrance to the apartment,

With the letter "3" - lives in the forest.(door is a beast)

With "D" - mom dresses up in a dress,

With "N" - at this time they fall asleep.(daughter - night)

With "L" - the goalkeeper did not help out,

With "D" - we change the calendar. (goal - year)

With the letter "K" - she is in a swamp,

With "P" - you will find it on a tree.(bump - kidney)

With "T" - he is on fire with food,

With "3" - with horns, with a beard.(boiler - goat)

With "R" - and hide and seek, and football.

With "L" - she is given an injection. (game - needle)

Option 2

Words with one missing letter are given. Form as many words as possible, substituting one letter for the gap, as in the sample.

Sample: ...ol - role, salt, mole, pain, zero.

Ro... -

Glasses -

Ba... -

Ar -

Ara -

Aika -

Yen -

Ohm -

Option 3

Get from one word to another through a chain of words by replacing one letter at each stage. For example, how to get the word "goal" from the word "smoke"? It is necessary to make several transformations: smoke - house - com - count - goal. Only nouns can be used in the chain, only one letter changes each time. Performing this exercise, the child learns to analyze and predict the result. It is desirable to reach the goal in the least number of moves, that is, the one with the shortest chain wins.

Get from the word "moment" the word "steam", from the word "cheese" the word "mouth", from the word "house" the word "ball", from the word "moment" the word "hour".

"Houses"

Performing mathematical tasks forms logical thinking. We offer the game "Houses", the content of which can become more complicated depending on the level of knowledge of the child.

Option 1

Put one of the signs of mathematical operations in the free window of the house so as to get a number on the roof.

Option 2

Put one of the signs of mathematical operations in the free windows of the house to get the number on the roof as a result. There are several possible solutions for these tasks.

"Puzzles"

Basic rules for solving puzzles

1. A noun is guessed in the nominative case.

2. Parts of a word are sometimes depicted with drawings or symbols. They may be read in different ways. For example: 1 - unit, count, one. All options need to be checked.

3. Commas before a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the beginning of the word indicated by the picture or symbol. For example: ,☆ - reads like "riding".

4. Commas after a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the end of the word indicated by the picture or symbol.

5. If equality is indicated above the figure, for example A \u003d And, then the letter A must be replaced with And.

6. If the equality 2 = And is indicated, then the second letter in the word must be replaced with And.

8. The numbers above the figures mean a change in the order of the letters in the word.

Use the rules to solve puzzles.

"Addition and Subtraction"

Addition

Given: boo + shade = unopened flower

Solution: bu + tone = bud

Subtraction

Given: mode of transport - o = unit of measurement Solution: metro - o = meter

Option 1

Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use addition to get the correct equality.

b + food = bad luck

k + insect = girl's hairstyle

y + bad weather with rain = danger

y + country house = success

o + opponent = long hole

y + child-girl = angler's tackle

o + tool = edge of the forest

c + animal hair = distributed during fun

y + one = done to the patient

m + fish soup = insect

y + ball in goal = in triangle

for + country house = needs a decision

ka + reward = whim

o + settlement = piece of land

av + tomato = weapon

ba + shade = white bread

ob + for scooping up food = on a notebook and on a book

ku + for nails \u003d hand with fingers pressed to the palms

ko + played by actor = monarch

by + misfortune = success in battle

at + pine forest = apparatus

at + battle = waves near the shore

Answers : misfortune, scythe, threat, luck, ravine, fishing rod, edge, laughter, prick, fly, angle, task, whim, vegetable garden, automatic machine, loaf, cover, fist, king, victory, device, surf.

Option 2

Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use subtraction to get the correct equality.

vessel - a \u003d money is stored there

moralizing poem - nya = deep voice

underwear - s = afraid of everything

tomato - at = separate book

shallow place in the river - b \u003d they are written on the blackboard

strong fear - great master = snake

bird - pronoun = criminal

military unit - k \u003d we walk on it at home

facial hair of a man - solemn verse = pine forest

bird - eye = garbage

flower - with = game

fantasy - ta = knight's weapon

you can cook in it - ate = pet

on the neck in winter - f = geometric figure

young plant - oc = human height

the goalkeeper is standing in them - a = on clothes around the neck

sport - c = body has right and left

Answers: bank, bass, coward, volume, chalk, already, thief, floor, boron, rubbish, lotto, sword, cat, ball, growth, gate, side.

"Next Number"

3, 5, 7, 9 ... . (Row of odd numbers, next number 11.)

16, 22, 28, 34 ... . (Each next number is 6 more than the previous one, the next number is 40.)

55, 48, 41, 34 ... . (Each next number is less than the previous one by 7, the next number is 27.)

12, 21, 16, 61, 25 .... (In each pair of numbers, the numbers are reversed, the next number is 52.)

"Definitions"

Each object or phenomenon has many signs, but we do not always notice them. When performing this task, the child must look at objects and phenomena from different angles.

The exercise can be performed individually or collectively, in the form of a competition.

Option 1

Come up with as many definitions as possible that characterize objects or phenomena. (The task trains analysis skills, as it is necessary to distinguish parts from a whole.)

Snow - cold, fluffy, light, white, lacy, iridescent, thick, beautiful, etc.

River -

Salute -

Clouds -

Kitty -

Rainbow -

Option 2

Gusty, hurricane, warm, piercing - wind.

Dark, quiet, moonlit, black - ... (night).

Long, asphalt, forest, broken - ... (road).

Kind, caring, beloved, beautiful - ... (mother).

Short, long, cut, shiny - ... (hair).

Magical, interesting, folk, kind - ... (fairy tale).

Strong, fragrant, sweet, hot - ... (tea).

Hot, cheerful, long-awaited, sunny - ... (summer).

Loyal, shaggy, noisy, beloved - ... (dog).

Round, bright, yellow, hot - ... (sun).

"Confusion-2"

This exercise contains sentences in which some words are mixed up or replaced. In order to complete tasks, you need to use logical thinking.

Option 1

I overslept this morning, I was in a hurry, but, unfortunately, I came to schoolbefore. (with delay)

I boughtlong loaf , presented it to the conductor and got on the train, (ticket)

It was hot outside, so Masha put onfur coat (sundress)

On the roof of my grandmother's housestick from which smoke came out when the stove was heated. (pipe)

Whenit dawned , we began to look into the night sky, looking at the stars and the moon. (it got dark)

I like to swim on the beach and wallow on pavement.(sand)

Option 2

And in these sentences, the words changed places, and it became very difficult to understand what was being said. Restore the correct word order in the sentences.

My friends on the children's playground were playing.

Five in the Russian language I received a lesson.

Aquarium fish are interesting to watch life.

I made all for gifts to relatives.

It was quiet on the street after fresh and thunderstorms.

You can see stars in the falling night sky in August.

"Assignments with text"

To complete the exercise, prepare excerpts from the texts.

Completing tasks with texts perfectly develops logical thinking. In this exercise, we present several options for such tasks. They are applicable to any excerpts from literary works unfamiliar to the child (fairy tales, stories, etc.).

Option 1

Option 2

Read a passage consisting of 10-15 sentences and ask them to convey its content in 2-3 sentences, that is, to make a brief retelling. This exercise will form the child's ability to generalize the material, to highlight the main thing. Such tasks are useful for the development of logical thinking.

Option 3

Option 4

"Pantomime"

This game perfectly develops logical thinking. What is pantomime? Pantomime is a performance using facial expressions and gestures, without words. The minimum number of participants is 5, one of them is the leader, the rest are divided into two teams. The facilitator guesses the words, monitors compliance with the rules and awards points for the correct completion of the task. Teams take turns playing the game.

The leader goes out with a member of the first team from the room in which the rest of the players are, and calls the word. For example "bath". The player must, with the help of pantomime,

Help the child explain the essence of the tasks and examples of their implementation, which are given in the exercises.

The exercises proposed in the book will allow the child to independently compare, analyze, synthesize, classify.

Having mastered the skills of logical thinking, the child will learn to draw conclusions, think clearly and clearly, solve any problems. This is the surest way to excellent study!