Independent chip tuning. Chip tuning basics for beginners

Any car factory that releases even the most inexpensive and low-power car out of the gate has the right to assert that the car fully complies with all the declared technical characteristics. It is according to these criteria that the consumer chooses a car and pays money for it, thereby confirming that he is fully satisfied with all the parameters of the car. Nobody is forcing you to buy. You need a powerful semi-sports car - choose Mitsubishi Lancer 9, you need an off-road car, in which case the UAZ Patriot will help, a utilitarian city sedan - Ford Focus 2 and all issues are resolved. The consumer is happy, the plant is flourishing, everyone is smiling.

The cure for tuning

Only there is a special disease, contagious and practically incurable, reminiscent of craving for gambling. This is tuning stock cars. In order to devote yourself to tuning, it is not at all necessary to have the desire to prove that you can do it better with your own hands than at the factory. There are a lot of infections that cause such a disease.

The first is total poverty. This applies to the territory of the former scoop. In the conditions of a metal garage, having a standard set of keys in the arsenal, making Moskvich 412 a star of rally tracks is the height of resourcefulness and ingenuity. The second virus is passion. In this case, the tuning addict will stop at nothing, spend any money to add an extra pair of horses to the modest herd of Lada Priora, and at the same time he will definitely emphasize this with external manifestations of indomitable power. The most severe stage of the disease is professional tuning. These guys know everything about cars, from torque curves to how naphthalene affects gasoline octane. This is no longer treated, and we only take our hats off to them.

Among all types of car improvements, the most complex and science-intensive process is engine refinement. A fight for every milligram of piston weight, for every hundredth of an atmosphere of boost pressure. We are not talking about any garage tuning and bastard files here. All that is needed here is a high-tech approach with a serious knowledge base, but we will talk about myth-covered chip tuning for beginners.

DIY chip tuning video

Basic concepts of chip tuning, or does it make sense

The discrepancy between the positions of the manufacturer and the owner of the car is obvious. We want maximum power and torque from the engine, minimum fuel consumption, and a huge resource. And so that everything at once, to the maximum, with small investments. Developers of software for managing automotive engine electronics see the situation somewhat differently. For them, the ideal engine is one that meets the established emission standards for toxic gases, runs stably and smoothly in all modes, while consuming a minimum of fuel. At least in one we agreed with the manufacturer. Developers don't get paid in vain. They have behind them a huge array of knowledge, experience and all the tools to implement any task. It is possible to challenge their competence only in isolated cases.

The electronic control unit (ECU) for the operation of the engine contains all possible algorithms for the operation of fuel supply systems, air dosage, speed limit and torque, prescribed by software. All this is collected in a memory device and is perceived as a law that is not subject to revision. Each mode of motor operation is tested in factory laboratory conditions, and any slightest change in the settings of this algorithm leads to incorrect operation of all existing systems. Do-it-yourself chip tuning is precisely aimed at changing these characteristics, especially those related to power and fuel consumption.

Pictured ECU January 7.2 - electronic engine control unit

Chip tuning can affect such important processes and settings:

• change in engine power;
• changing the ignition timing;
• the amount of injected fuel;
• injection time;
• the amount of air in the intake system;
• deactivation or modification of the operation of the emission control system.

There is more to list, but this is perhaps enough to understand what role inept intervention in a finely organized and verified engine management system can play.

Chip tuning of an engine with a turbine

Chip tuning in some cases may be the only method for correcting motor parameters. Take at least turbocharged engines. It is simply impossible to influence the operation of the turbine in any other way. The boost mechanism is regulated only by software, the program and is controlled. In most cases, it will be enough to simply change the characteristics of the turbine, and they will already affect both the torque and the speed regime in which maximum power is achieved.

In this case, there is no need to make changes to the fuel system management algorithm, because the engine necessarily has an air mass meter that will set the oxygen consumption and adjust the fuel supply in an optimal way. But this is only if we did not make changes to the engine size and to the adjustment of the valve timing. Otherwise, the fuel supplied by the nozzle will simply not be enough for the normal operation of the cylinder. Then you need to change the nozzles to more productive ones. The same applies to the gas distribution mechanism. That is precisely why the installation of self-made turbines on VAZ engines looks ridiculous, which are not even close to being designed for such operating modes. You should not expect a normal correct return from such a turbine, and even more so, the figure eight will not “blame” from this.

The right chip tuning with your own hands, or the magic button of AvtoVAZ

For those who like to dig deeper into the electronics under the hood, VAZ has provided an excellent opportunity to implement such traction. The January 7.2 control unit, which is installed on the Lada Kalina, VAZ 2115, Lada Priora, Chevrolet Niva and VAZ 2107 with an injection engine, now has several degrees of adjustment. To change the settings, it is not necessary to connect to a computer and surgically make changes to the settings programs manually.

The fact is that at some point extra kilobytes were found in the amount of January's RAM. The 128 kilobytes installed from the factory were enough to program the control unit with two additional modes. On the optionally installed programmer January, the Sport and Economy algorithms were prescribed on the basis of the standard mode.

The beauty of this system is that the unit can be controlled directly from the cab. For this, it is not necessary to have deep knowledge in automotive electronics. Modes change with a simple push of a button. Sport mode adjustments limit the rpm to 6500 only, and the radiator fan turns on when the antifreeze reaches 101°C. In this case, idle speed is set to 900 rpm, and fuel consumption is 1 l / h. In economy mode, the speed is cut off from 6200 rpm, and the twentieth is lowered to 750 rpm. Of course, bench power measurements showed a rather serious increase. Here it is, the engineering approach - the sports program gave an increase in power by 10.7 hp, and the economical one by 8.5 hp. As for fuel consumption, you should not delude yourself especially, especially in the city. But in operation, the dynamics of the car grows noticeably, especially in sports mode. The price of such a tuned January is about 8 thousand, which is quite acceptable.

Do not think that tuning laboratories have completely forgotten about the owners of more frisky cars. Like our January, devices are being sold that change the characteristics of Hyundai Accent engines, the latest Volkswagen Passat, Renault Logan. Such programmers are designed for those cars in which there is no need to completely change the firmware and reprogram the entire control system. For them, it is enough just to make adjustments to the fuel injection controller. Greddy, HKS, Hypertec are the main players in this market. For more powerful cars, BMW E34 7 Series, Subaru Impreza, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Apexi and Greddy devices can change the algorithm, and for medium-sized sedans that are popular with us, Daewoo Nexia 1.5, Chevrolet Lanos 1.5, Chevrolet Cruze, Lacetti, with a programming task the fuel system is handled by Crane, Electromotive and HKS devices. The price of such an implementation is about $ 300, but this toy is able to change not only the injection settings, but also competently manage the ignition timing, up to the point that you can set a certain number of sparks per phase.

Before you roll up your sleeves and try to do chip tuning with your own hands, you should thoroughly learn the operation of a chipped engine and know exactly what you can expect from it and what you should not hope for. Only in this way, competent fine-tuning of the motor by software will give results.

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Sometimes car drivers need to improve the engine, that is, increase the power characteristics, which is done by chip tuning. This can only be done for cars where there is a motor ECU, which can be reprogrammed and can affect the performance of the motor. To increase the power parameters of the motor, a special module is required, or. This is a small microcircuit that provides reprogramming and optimization of the engine, increasing certain characteristics in a big way. Often, the ECU is “reflashed” in highly qualified service stations, which reduces the risk of negative consequences. But sometimes the question arises, how to do chip tuning yourself and is it possible a priori?

• The speed of the car is increased, allowing overtaking on highways with heavy traffic, without risk.
• An increase in traction and speed characteristics, which makes traveling on city roads more comfortable.
• Tuning a car engine with a chip is the easiest way that does not interfere with the integrity of the engine.
• Easy start when the car is loaded and the exclusion of engine shutdown in the hot season when the air conditioner is on.
• Saving combustible mixtures - fuel when traveling.

Depending on the brand and model of car, the increase in the above indicators may vary significantly. You can see how the power characteristics change before and after the installation of chip tuning, using the example

We make chip tuning of the car motor

If you have already decided to do-it-yourself chip tuning and we are sure that everything will work out for you, it is worth considering every nuance, since reprogramming the “heart” of the machine is a serious process, therefore it is necessary:

• Decide what goals you are pursuing.
• Thoroughly study the whole theory and clearly know what to do.
• Buy a microcircuit in advance, that is, modules, or make it yourself (which you should not do, without professional skills).
• A working and tested computer that will need to be used when "flashing" the ECU.
• Download the necessary software that you will use on your computer.
• Look for a proven program that will provide a clear and correct reprogramming of the vehicle's electronic control unit.

Instruction: chip tuning by yourself

1. The need to reprogram the computer most often arises if an error was made in the factory program, or if it appeared during the operation of the car. Also, an important reason to produce do-it-yourself engine chip tuning is the desire to improve, modernize and improve the parameters of the engine, to make the car more powerful, sharper and more dynamic. A flashing is also necessary to reduce fuel waste when traveling.
2. It is necessary to prepare for the complex process of reprogramming gradually in order to correctly produce DIY chip tuning. You should initially allocate a large amount of time to study the subject, to study the technical features of the engine, that is, to the control system. Initially, pay attention to the stages of working with electronics, as well as electronic systems, and learn (if there is no such knowledge) to work with programs on a computer, with the rules for installing drivers, etc. If you have knowledgeable people to help produce chip tuning online do it yourself you can turn to them for help if you are not confident in your own abilities.
3. Familiarize yourself with the markings and types of ECUs, specify which one your car is equipped with, because the variations of the program that will provide the firmware in the right direction will depend on this.
4. It would not be superfluous to clarify with the master the question regarding the functioning of the immobilizer, that is, the electronic anti-theft device, namely how to turn it off in order to perform a simple reprogramming.
5. Assembling the adapter is easy enough if you have skillful hands. The simplest module (adapter) that is required for a COM port works on bases such as K1533LN1, KT3102, and MAX232. But, it is worth noting that sometimes it also happens that special programs for flashing the system may not work, although the operation of the COM port is ideal. This problem is solved by reinstalling drivers or a new operating system, although these manipulations are not always successful. To solve such a problem, you can try to flash from another computer, which is often the best option. In this case, the most common, already used data cable from a mobile device, created on a PL 2303 chip and one L9637D MS, may be suitable.
6. The proposed scheme (for the ECU January 7.2), which is fully working, shows what the USB-K-Line adapter should be. For a non-standard ECU speed, it is worth supplementing the driver registry with one line with the necessary indicators. If you add a few more transistors and additional parts, you can get another L-line.

1. Two blocks from an IDE computer cable, without additional alterations, can be used as a connector. This train will only need to be cut into two parts so that pieces from 10 to 15 centimeters are obtained. They fit well in the lower and upper slots on the January 7.2 series ECU, but be careful not to confuse their correct location, otherwise you may simply burn the block later. Three microtoggle switches are also used - + common 12V, + ignition and mandatory transfer to programming mode +. IMPORTANT! Before performing any manipulations, it is necessary to turn off the second and third toggle switches.

2. To perform the firmware, the following programs are required:

   • Chiploder 1.6 or 1.96 for complex ECUs. Provides high quality flashing.
   • Combiloder 2.18 (comes with Сtp321-full - it starts when the module is connected and is a free loader). The program is needed in order to remove protection from the firmware and, when reprogramming, protect the quality of the software installed in the ECU.
   • ChipExplorer 1.6. Provides viewing of the firmware you found, as well as comparing or editing them.

Carrying out the process of optimizing the car engine

To carry out the correct do-it-yourself chip tuning Nexia or other cars, you need to take into account the fact that the program works fine only on the Windows XP operating system. The same applies if the production do-it-yourself vaz chip tuning, or other car brands. The difference in programming is only in the Flasher firmware, or rather in the file size. If, after starting the program, the calibration file displays the wrong size, then you will need to "adjust this parameter" using the "SMS Enigma new v 1.10 unpacker". It is worth noting that anti-virus computer systems do not like this program very much, but do not worry, there are no virus programs in it. After downloading the program, you need to run it and specify the file that you need.

If you did everything correctly, but your computer has a different operating system, and to produce, for example, do-it-yourself chip tuning prior, with the correct size already selected, which is necessary for this car, you need to install the virtual XP system:

• Download and install the Virtual PC program
• Download ISO image of Windows XP operating system.
• Install and configure the system.

After the virtual system has been installed:

1. A BIOS window appears, where you will need to select CD-Capture ISO Image, indicating the location where you have the ISO image of the downloaded operating system and load the axis by clicking Action-Install or Update Virtual Machine Addons.

2. After that, your K-Line adapter is connected to the computer and a package of necessary drivers is installed:

   • Go to Device Manager;
   • Select the characteristics of the port;
   • We start the XP system;
   • We allow access to chip tuning and adapter;
   • A disk will appear in the "My Computer" window, from where you need to transfer files to a convenient location;
   • We install the driver package on the adapter and check the performance of Flasher
3. We proceed to the beginning of the system boot into the ECU

Produce on cars chip tuning do it yourself accent, VAZ, Priora, Hyundai, Nexia, and other well-known cars, it’s very simple, you need to sequentially perform the following processes:

Preparing for reprogramming

1. Ensure the availability of 220V electricity to power a computer or laptop.
2. After turning off the ignition of the car, we connect the adapter to the USB connector of the laptop, after which we launch the already created XP operating system.
3. Turn on the ignition

Software download

1. Launch Flasher.
2. Specify the calibration file. The download can take quite a long time, so you will have to wait for 20-30 minutes.
3. As soon as the download is over, turn off the ignition and wait 5 minutes. You can also turn off the adapter and computer.
4. Reprogramming completed.

If suddenly, the download process went wrong, and an error occurred, then these manipulations can be carried out again.

We enjoy the impressions of the updated car

Immediately, after reprogramming, the results should be noticeable - the dynamics have improved, the car does not “stall”, the sound of the engine has become more frisky. In an overloaded state, the car does not stop, does not reduce its agility and speed, and the operation of the air conditioner does not affect the operation of the engine so much.

Drivers approach the choice of a car quite responsibly and with great trepidation. However, over time, engine performance may not be sufficient. On the other hand, buying a new and more powerful machine is an extremely expensive decision. The ideal way out of this unpleasant situation is engine chip tuning, which has gained really wild popularity in recent years. In this article, we will talk about how to make chip tuning with your own hands and what a novice master needs to know and be able to do in order to avoid annoying mistakes and ruin the software stuffing of expensive nodes.

The ideal alternative

Not so long ago, chip tuning a car engine seemed impossible. Why? The fact is that modern internal combustion engines are necessarily equipped with an ECU, or simply electronic control units. The electronic filling made it possible to programmatically regulate the characteristics of both the internal combustion engine itself and each of its individual nodes.

The internal combustion engines of old-style cars do not have such electronics, so all settings are made exclusively mechanically. What is the progenitor of chip tuning, and what methods were popular before the advent of electronics in the design of modern engines? Such operations for modifying engines include the use of turbocharging, pistons and connecting rods made of lightweight materials, and other types of interference with the standard design.

It is almost impossible to do such an operation on your own without certain skills and equipment. In addition, do not forget about elementary risks: any repair carried out illiterately can have a deplorable effect on the condition of both the engine and the car as a whole.

For this reason, chip tuning is much easier. In addition, in this case, you do not have to interfere with the design of the internal combustion engine, change the parameters of its components and disassemble the complex and sensitive mechanism.

ICE chip tuning is not always done on its own, however, in any case, this operation is simpler and faster than the usual methods of upgrading ICE. What is it?

The fact is that the electronic engine control unit is endowed with a program, which is a translated binary code and, using a computer, is recorded on the built-in storage medium. This program, in fact, controls and changes the operating modes of the internal combustion engine, allowing it to reveal its potential to one degree or another.

The modern automotive industry is trying to make the car not only a powerful and comfortable vehicle, but also an environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly vehicle. For this reason, many engine models do not try to make them as powerful as possible, artificially cutting down their characteristics in favor of lower fuel consumption and emissions of combustion products into the environment.

To return the motor to its potential, the firmware developers have changed the standard programs of the control units so that the internal combustion engine gives out its maximum parameters. At the same time, the number of emissions increases, but, despite this, fuel consumption becomes less, and the driving comfort and acceleration dynamics are incomparable with those before the flashing procedure.

How it's done?

To do chip tuning with your own hands, in addition to the car itself, you need to have two important components, without which this operation, in fact, cannot be performed. The first component is a special adapter. Its task is to interact with a laptop or personal computer with a machine by connecting to its diagnostic connector. Usually, such a connector should be looked for under the steering column, but it would not be superfluous to clarify this point in the documentation attached to the car.

The second component is the software and firmware program, which will eventually be implemented in the electronic engine control unit. The software that needs to be installed on the computer is usually included on a CD with the adapter itself. If there is no such disk, usually the instruction manual indicates the site from which you can download the desired distribution.

With the second part, everything is somewhat more complicated. Several programs usually come on the same CD as the installation file for the computer program. But the problem is that for each individual engine model, its own program is used, which may not be in the public domain. Usually in these cases, the program is purchased on specialized sites, and then transferred to a computer and firmware is produced.

How is the procedure itself? The first step is to find the diagnostic connector and connect the adapter to it. Then a laptop with a running program is connected to the adapter and they wait until the software “finds” the machine and connects to its block for recording.

The attached program allows you to read files of a certain format only. For this reason, don't be surprised if a malformed file won't load or causes a memory error, indicating that flashing is not possible.

If there are no problems with the format, then the next step will be the actual process of starting the firmware, which can last from 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the ICE model, adapter and software version. At this time, it is strictly forbidden to turn off and start the engine. It is also worth monitoring the state of charge of the battery of the laptop itself, because if the process is suddenly interrupted, the ECU can easily turn into a “brick”.

At the end of the process, the program will display a message about the successful completion of the operation. If all is well, then the internal combustion engine will start without problems and will not make extraneous noise. Usually the difference is felt during acceleration: the car starts to go faster, and its dynamics becomes an order of magnitude better than the old one.

Worth it or not?

Of course, doing chip tuning for free will not work in any case. If you produce it on your own, then an adapter will cost a pretty penny, which is not always easy to find on free sale. If you turn to a third-party company, it will cost less. So, usually the cost of firmware varies up to 5 to 30 thousand rubles, depending on the make and model of the car.

If a motor that is not endowed with a turbine is being flashed, the effect will not be so noticeable. So, on average, the increase in power and torque is 10-15 percent, and fuel consumption is reduced by no more than one liter per hundred kilometers. True, the price of such firmware will be minimal.

Owners of turbocharged internal combustion engines will feel the difference in almost all cases. On average, the increase in performance is from 30 to 40 percent: twice as much as any atmospheric ICE. In addition, the reduction in fuel consumption is also more noticeable: in various cases, the difference can be up to 30 percent in all driving modes.

Summary

Summing up, we can confidently say one thing: chip tuning is the most modern and safest way to increase the potential of the car and its performance. Despite the fact that such a procedure is not cheap, it allows you not to interfere with the mechanics of the internal combustion engine and increase its capabilities. The main thing is not to save money and purchase official equipment and software: in this case, there are usually no problems with the firmware.

To tune the engine and increase its power, constructive solutions are used, while many try to do chip tuning with their own hands. We will tell you what you will have to face and what you should pay attention to.

1

In translation, the word tuning means "tuning". In the view of many novice car owners, this should only affect the appearance or interior of the car, as well as the installation of additional parts and elements. The word "chip" was added to tuning relatively recently. Indeed, in recent years, computer technology has been especially actively introduced. They are now used everywhere and well-known automakers could not ignore them.

Almost all cars are equipped with a system of sensors, there may be more than a few dozen. The data must be sent to the electronic control unit, which not only processes, but is also responsible for the full operation of the engine. Each ECU has its own program, chip and factory settings, which are calculated on average.

That is why car owners, knowing, put another chip or microcircuit. Such an engine upgrade will give a tangible result and a number of important advantages, and everything can be done by hand.

2

Chip tuning is essentially nothing more than a fine tuning of all engine electronics. As a result, it is possible to achieve an improvement in many characteristics, namely:

• The reconfigured chip will affect the operation of the fan, which will affect the cold start and run modes. As a result, it is possible to reduce the acceleration time to 100 km / h;
• Tuning will help reduce fuel consumption, as injection parameters will be improved and the ignition timing will be adjusted. On average, savings of up to 12% can be achieved;
• It is possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, as constant monitoring will be carried out;
• All systems of the onboard complex begin to work in the desired mode, since the factory settings are usually designed to save resources. Engine chip tuning will allow you to use them to the maximum.

In some cases, it will be necessary to deactivate a number of systems in order to increase engine power. True, then fuel consumption may increase, since the engine will increase speed. Power grows from 5 to 30%.

Do-it-yourself tuning will give a special effect in turbocharged cars, since the switching system and pressure are optimized here. The result is a 40% increase in torque and a 30% increase in power.

3

To begin with, you should carefully think again and decide whether it will be possible to do all the work with your own hands or it is better to turn to specialists who have the necessary equipment and professional skills. One mistake can completely reset all factory settings and then they will have to be debugged again. That is why you should carefully read the procedure and buy some materials.

The first thing to do is to choose a high-quality firmware version so that there are no problems in the future. For reconfiguration, you can use special programs. They are downloaded to a laptop, as it is more convenient to work with it. It will be easy to check the software. For example, you can use Chip Tuning PRO, although much depends on the brand of the car. You will also have to purchase a microchip. Usually this ROM 27S256 or ROM 27S512. The latter option is sold not only in specialized stores, but also on the Internet. You can also purchase them from auto repair shops that do flashing. You should immediately take an interest in the panel, it should be of high quality. Its task is to protect the microcircuit.

You can not do without, which carries out the firmware. It is not very cheap, but it is possible to make such a device yourself or rent it. It is quite possible to find free software for Combiloader firmware, but you will have to pay for Chiploader. When connecting to a car port, you will need a K-Line adapter. It should also fit a laptop, which is still desirable to be connected to a power outlet during operation.

Now it remains to sort out your acquisitions and start setting up.

4

First of all, you need to make sure once again that the engine has no problems and it works properly. Only in this case we start work.

The laptop must be securely fixed so that it cannot move during work. We connect a programmer to it, which will facilitate the whole process of work. If necessary, use the instructions (it should always be at hand).

To get to the electronic control unit, you will need to remove the panel located under the center console (first right, and then left). You need to work carefully and remember that it is best to disconnect the battery before doing this.

Under the left panel is the control unit, to get it you will need to remove the latch. The connector is removed from the socket, while being careful not to touch the contacts with a tool or hands. Now you need to unscrew the fastening nuts in order to get the ECU itself along with the bracket, which is also fixed.

To open the block, you will need to bend the latches and remove the cover. Inside is a printed circuit board. The utmost care must be taken here, as electronic components are extremely sensitive to static electricity.

The ROM chip can have characters, but the number of outputs is 28. Before replacing it, you must mark the first output with a marker. When removing the microcircuit, it is necessary to gently press it upwards. If it was soldered, then you should have a bite to eat with the help of side cutters all the joints and then solder the panel. Only then can you install a new microcircuit, but at the same time prevent distortions with your actions.

Next, close the cover and return the control unit to its intended place, following the reverse procedure. To reconfigure, you will need to connect the laptop to the diagnostic port and make sure that the wires are securely fastened.

Now we turn on the ignition and install, in accordance with the instructions, the engine calibration program. Typically installation takes 20-30 minutes. After that, turn off the ignition and other equipment.5

This procedure may have some disadvantages. Although there are not many of them, but some will have to be considered:

• The more you can increase the power of the car, the faster its resources will be used up, which means that the service life may be reduced;
• Incorrectly executed firmware will lead to the fact that exhaust toxicity will only increase, not decrease;
• "Left" firmware leads to detonation or to the substitution of indicators. As a result, the control unit starts to issue incorrect signals. You should carefully select regular programs so as not to damage all the settings;
• Do-it-yourself reconfiguration can lead to the failure of the electronic control unit and the cost of its restoration.

Therefore, experts say that chip tuning is best done in a specialized car repair shop or at an authorized dealer. When replacing and installing a new chip, you should not throw away the old one, as it can come in handy if some interruptions with updates suddenly begin to occur.

However, for many cars, chip tuning will do more good than harm. The positive aspect of do-it-yourself installation should be considered that as a result, the car owner will know the device of his car better and understand the problems that arise.