A rivet is a disposable fastener designed to fasten 2 or more parts. To install this fastener, a riveter is used. How to remove the rivet will have to proceed from the availability of improvised means, because there is no universal tool. In addition, the selection of materials for metal structures is carried out in accordance with the technical specifications.

Aluminum, copper, steel differ in hardness, to varying degrees they are subject to diffusion, oxidation rates and other physical and chemical processes. The only way that can be called almost universal is drilling. This process can be carried out in 3 ways, which in most cases depends on how close the fastening metal is to the fastened elements.

How to remove a rivet

The pull rivet is somewhat easier to remove. When dismantling it, it is necessary to remove the ring formed during fastening. If possible, when compressing the material of construction, insert a saw blade for metal, the fastener can be cut off, and the pin removed by pulling out the rod. If there is no way to cut or cut, there is always a chance to remove the mount using the first method - to drill.

A secret mount can only be removed by drilling, and exhaust heads can be knocked down with a hammer if the strength of the material fastened by them is greater than that of the mount itself. Provided that using this method of dismantling, there is no certainty of 100% safety for one's own hands and appearance material, it is better to refuse it.

Rivet and Riveter. Riveter and rivet device. How to work as a riveter. Tool.

Chapter . construction tool

Riveter - a tool designed to perform riveting work. Rivet joints are non-separable joining of two or more parts by filling the connecting hole with some kind of metal. AT classic version- an adjacent hole is made in the details, and it is countersinked from opposite sides. Inserted into the hole small piece soft metal and flatten it in such a way that the metal fills both the entire hole and recesses of the countersink. The resulting “hats” hold the parts together. Of course, with the help of a rivet, you can close up (rivet) a hole and just in one part.

The riveted connections are very reliable and, most importantly, very vibration-resistant. The rivet will never "suddenly" burst as the breaking load is increased on the parts. This compares favorably with riveted joints from welding, which bursts all at once. The rivet will "stretch" first. A rivet is favorably distinguished from a screw connection by its cheapness, since the rivet itself is just a small cylinder of soft wire. Of course, with the advent of automatic machines, they began to make wire blanks in the form of blanks for riveting.

The classic riveting process requires access to the rivet from both sides. After all, the effort for forging metal is quite significant. If the parts are small, the part is placed with a finished hat on the anvil, and if large, they arrange an emphasis on the side opposite to forging. This was extremely inconvenient and made the process of hardening actually the lot of professionals or industrial production.

But modern rivets (the so-called blind rivets) allow work only on one side. What made riveting work very accessible and popular. All this happened due to a change in the design of the rivet and the appearance special tool- a riveter. A modern building rivet is a small tube with a finished head on one side (Fig. 3). A piece of wire is inserted into the tube, also with a cap on the other side. If this wire is pulled with force through this tube, then the strong head of the wire will flare the tube. And when the head of the wire hits the part, the wire will simply break, and the tube will remain flared. For connecting thin parts into which it is impossible to securely screw a self-tapping screw or make a screw connection, rivets are simply irreplaceable.

The riveter itself is a manual lever mechanism with a large leverage ratio. The drive is carried out on a collet mechanism that captures the rivet wire, and resting against the finished rivet head, pulls it towards itself and breaks it off. Slappers can be simple in design, but there are also “conveniences”. For example, in the form of a rotary collet head, which allows the use of a riveter in hard-to-reach places. Since rivets are different both in diameter and length of the rivet tube, the riveter has a set of interchangeable heads for different wire diameters.

The process of installing the rivet takes about a couple of seconds (if the holes in the parts to be joined are ready). Let's show this with an example.

Let's say you need to connect two parts made of a sufficiently thin metal, and there is access to them only from one side. Well, for example, you need to attach (conditionally) handles or legs to the barrel ... You can’t cook (metal is non-ferrous and heterogeneous), self-tapping screws will not hold in thin metal (they need at least 1.5-2 “threads”, i.e. . thread revolutions). Soldering is impossible, the parts are massive. Gluing is unreliable, adhesives work well for shearing, and not for tearing. It remains only to glue ...

1. Having attached the parts to each other, we drill a through hole in both parts.

2. We insert a rivet into the hole. The length of the rivet tube should be such that it protrudes from the opposite side by about 1 cm. There is no more sense, and less - there may not be enough metal to flare and form a reliable hat.

3. We put the head of the riveter on the protruding wire, press it to the cap and press the handles.

4. We do this several times until the wire breaks. The rivet is ready!

5. Since this is just an example, let's see how the rivet looks from the opposite side. Pretty neat head too.

The head of wire remaining in the flared tube can be knocked out using a piece of wire that has come off. Then, at the place of the rivet, a small neat hole is formed, rolled with a rivet. This rivet can be used for cutting threads in thin metal. Those. if we need to do threaded connection in thin metal, we first drill a hole, rivet it, and then, knocking out the wire head, cut the thread in the rivet.

The use of a riveter (and riveting technology) greatly facilitates some construction and installation work and allows you to quickly make reliable connections. various parts.

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Many have seen this device in tool stores - but not everyone knows how to use it. Those who have never held an exhaust riveter in their hands will simply not be able to appreciate the convenience and versatility of its use.

Rivet joints have been and remain a versatile and inexpensive way to splice various parts. In shipbuilding and aircraft construction, this is generally the only way to attach the skin to the frame.

Classic riveting looks like this:

This is how they riveted the body of the Titanic and the handle to your frying pan.

IMPORTANT! The rivet connection is non-separable. To separate the parts, it is necessary to mechanically break (drill, cut) the rivet.

Modern technologies have also touched this ancient method. In everyday life, few people use a hammer and a crimping nozzle. There are semi-automatic tools that allow you to rivet parts to each other with almost one hand. True, the rivets look a little different.

How does a hand riveter work?

To understand the process, you need to see the rivet in action. The diagram shows its main elements:

The rivet sleeve is placed in the prepared hole. The tool is put on the core and rests against the collar of the rivet. The fixed rod is pulled out of the sleeve, riveting its upper part.

When the riveting is completed and the head of the core is firmly seated in the riveted bushing, the rod comes off. The riveted materials are connected only by a sleeve.

IMPORTANT! The material describes a mechanical exhaust riveter. There are hydraulic, pneumatic and electric devices. However, they are not used in everyday life.

The principle of operation of the tool itself and its device will also be considered in the diagram.

• the head (1) is put on the core of the rivet installed in the hole;
• the body (2) performs the functions of the lower handle and thrust bed;
• the upper handle (3), leaning on the frame with the help of the axis (9), is a power lever;
• when squeezing the handles, the working sleeve (4) compresses the collet cams (5), tightly fixing the rivet shaft;
• continuing to move, the collet mechanism pulls the rod out of the rivet bushing, forming a riveted ring;
• when the handles are opened, the cone bushing (6) under the action of the spring (7) opens the cams, allowing the collet mechanism to take its original lower position;
• the cover (8) is a stop for the spring, it is removed for maintenance of the collet mechanism;
• for the convenience of the operator, interchangeable heads (10) are stored in the body, for different diameters of rivets.

A special jointing gun can be useful for joining parts, but not everyone knows how to use a riveter correctly, and what are the safety recommendations.

A riveter is needed to connect parts.

Scope of the tool

The riveter becomes really indispensable during the repair work. This hand tool used to secure several parts in the case when it is not possible to connect them in another way. Most often, with its help, fasteners are fixed on the inside of the part.

The hand riveting lever mechanism comes in the form of a pistol and consists of two parts. The first is a spring mechanism, with which the riveting is pulled inward. Then it is flattened by a lever system - the second element of the mechanism. Such a tool allows you to connect parts with a total thickness of up to 10 mm.

To simplify the work with the tool, the kit includes special nozzles that differ in diameter and with different lengths of the tail. All this allows you to use them for fastening parts of various lengths and thicknesses. For home use, the heads supplied with the riveter are enough. If for some reason they do not fit, a set of non-standard heads can be purchased additionally.

Rivet connection is different best quality thanks to the following specifications, characteristic of this type of connection:

The double lever riveter is easier to use.

1. Vibration resistance.
2. Reliability. As a result of the work, a non-separable connection is created, which guarantees its high strength. The riveted connection method was used in the construction of the Eiffel Tower and the Shukhov Tower in Moscow, structures that have existed for decades. This indicates the quality of fastening parts with rivets.
3. Rivets do not burst suddenly, unlike welding. First, they stretch, which allows you to see and fix the malfunction in a timely manner.
4. Preparation for installation is carried out as quickly as possible. The riveter works in just a few seconds, which allows you to quickly complete the connecting work.
5. Lower price, unlike a screw connection, since a rivet is a small piece of cylindrical metal.

Currently, various rivet mechanisms are produced, both simple and more complex, for example, in the form of a swivel head, which allows them to be used in hard-to-reach places. The process of installing rivets takes a few seconds.

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Types of hand riveting tools

On the shelves of modern stores you can find 2 types of rivet tools:

1. Threaded riveter,
2. Pull-out riveter.

These 2 tools differ in the way they work. Let's consider each of them.

The pulling tool creates a pulling force, due to which the rivet is fixed. Holes are drilled in the elements to be connected. Then the rivet is placed in the hole and with the help of squeezing and unclenching the handle bursts. The design of the rivet has a ball that expands the rivet tube from the inside. On the opposite side, the rivet is flattened, due to which the two parts are connected.

Riveters have a lever mechanism to operate.

A pull-out hand riveter is a versatile tool that is suitable for joining various parts. The price of such a tool is much lower than that of other types of tools. The threaded tool works in a similar way. The only difference is that the ball is pulled into the tube when the handle is rotated. Threaded riveter is rarely used. It is suitable for connecting very thin parts on which it is necessary to make a thread, and screw a bolt into the rivet.

Depending on the type of drive, riveting tools are divided into 3 groups:

1. Pneumatic,
2. mechanical,
3. Pneumohydraulic.

Mechanical devices are the most popular, as they are convenient to work in domestic conditions. Such riveters are divided into tools that can be held with one or two hands. Before buying a device, you need to make sure of its quality. The determining factor is the price. Usually you can't buy a quality model for a small price. The use of cheap riveters leads to poor fastening quality and rapid failure of structures. And the tool itself will not last long. Do not disregard the material from which the rivets are made, or rather, its quality.

You can buy riveting tools at any specialized store. A wide range of products allows you to choose the right model that meets the requirements for the job.

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Riveting technology

The riveting tool is easy to use. It is only important to remember the general principle of operation. The first stage is the preparation of metal parts. They must be prepared for work: level the surface so that both elements fit well together. Then both parts are placed on a wooden blank, well fixed. First of all, you need to mark on the details the places where the holes for the fasteners will be located. This must be done very accurately so that in the future the holes coincide on all parts.

Then you need to drill a hole with a drill into which the rivet will be installed. Pay attention to the dimensions of the hole, rivet and drill. If the desired hole diameter is 4.8 mm, then the drill should be 5 mm in diameter. At this stage, it is important to check that the fixing skirt fits snugly against the metal around the hole. The length of the rivets directly depends on the thickness of the parts and the load on them. Small rivets are designed for parts that will have little to no load. In this case, rivets ranging in size from 2 to 6 mm are suitable. If there is a significant load on the parts, then rivets up to 16 mm will be needed.

The thin end of the rivet is set in the sharpener so that the nozzle fits exactly. The head of the rivet is installed in a hole in the workpiece. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the rivet should protrude slightly on the other side, by about 10 mm. A riveter is put on the upper part of the part perpendicular to the main part. Then you need to make a linearly directed clamp - always strong. If after compression the leg of the rivet does not fall off, you need to repeat the operation several times.

The next step is broaching with a lever system. For this, steel wire is used. The entire space in the riveting part is filled with wire metal. Due to the pressure along the edges, there are sagging that will hold the fastened elements and prevent them from dispersing. The remaining fasteners are made along the connecting seam. After that, it is possible to make no more than 3-4 points - the wire breaks. Wire scraps must be removed from the tool - this can be done with a slotted screwdriver.

When making a seam, you need to pay attention to the size of the parts, because the quality of the connection will deteriorate if you make a mistake when setting the size. A poor-quality connection will lead to the destruction of the fasteners - they will not withstand the load. The result will be the destruction of fasteners and the need for repair.

A rivet is one of the simplest types of fasteners for creating one-piece connections. In the general case, this is a rod or tubular part that has a support "mortgage" head of a certain shape at one end. It is installed in the connection, as the name implies, by riveting (as well as shrinkage, rolling, broaching, explosion).

According to the shape of the rivet, it can be divided into several main types:

• Rivets with a closing head (there are solid, hollow and semi-hollow)
• Rivets with a broach (also called tear-off or exhaust)
• Threaded rivets (also called riveting nuts)

Closing head rivets

Historically, rivets with a closing head were the first to be invented - therefore they are most widely used. Such rivets have a mortgage head on one side. The second head, called the closing one, is formed using a rolling or riveting tool: a riveting hammer, tongs.

According to the shape of the head, rivets with a locking head are divided into:

• Rivets with semi countersunk head

They are also structurally distinguished by the presence of a hole inside the rivet:

• Solid rivets - no hole
• Hollow rivets - tubular - have a through hole
• Semi-hollow rivets - for flaring - have a blind hole

Rivet materials

Closing head rivets can be made from a variety of metals and alloys that lend themselves well to plastic deformation.

The most widely used materials are:

• Steels - mainly ductile high-boiling steels are used 03kp, 05kp, 08kp, 10kp, 15kp, 20kp
• Stainless steels - austenitic steels 12X18H9, 08X18H10, 03X18H11, 12X18H10T
• Aluminum alloys - the most applicable alloys HELL, AD1, aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg2, AMg5, AMg5P, AMg6, alloys AMts, V94, V65, also use duralumin alloys D1, D16, D16T, D18, D18P, D19P
• Brass alloys - basically an alloy L63
• Copper - grades MT, M3

Marking of rivets according to materials

Rivets can be marked on the head for subsequent identification. Marking can be convex or concave (branding).

Determination of the rivet length

Proper installation of the rivet provides for the creation of the full shape of the closing head and the absence of any excess gaps and sagging. For correct installation rivet, it is necessary to determine the length of the rivet body, depending on the thickness of the materials to be riveted and the type of rivet.

"Handbook of the designer-machine builder" edited by Anuriev V.I. proposes to use one universal formula for all forms of rivet heads. Common sense suggests that this approach is erroneous - therefore, we will use the formulas from another source: "Design Fundamentals" edited by Orlov P.I., 1988.

Rivet design	Allowance "H" for rivets without clearance	Allowance "H" for gap rivets
	H=1.2d	H≈1.2d+0.1S
	H=0.54d	H≈0.5d+0.1S
	H=0.6d	H≈0.5d+0.1S
	H=0.8d	H≈0.7d+0.1S
	H=d	H≈0.9d+0.1S
	H=1.2d	H≈1.1d+0.1S

By calculating the required size of the allowance by the formula, you can determine the length of the rivet L , adding to the thickness of the riveted materials S allowance value H . Then you need to choose the closest value of the rivet length from the standard range of lengths. For rivets, a standard range of lengths has been approved, according to which they are produced (in mm):

• 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 55, 58, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180

Rivet length calculation example

For example, we need to rivet several sheets with a total thickness of 32 mm; we will rivet without a gap with rivets with a semicircular head Ø6 mm (1st design in the table).

d = 6 mm

S=32mm

H=1.2d=1.2x6=7.2mm

Therefore, it is necessary to use a rivet with a shank length

L=S+H=32+7.2=39.2mm

We choose the nearest length from the standard range - this is 40 mm.

As a result, we found out that for riveting a package of sheets with a thickness of 32 mm, we need a rivet of size Ø6x40 mm.

Rivets with broach

Broaching rivets are made hollow, with a head at one end, a movable expansion rod is inserted into the rivet, which, when installed, is pulled through the rivet, expands it, forms a second closing head and tightens the fastened sheets of material. After tightening, the rods break off or are pulled completely through the rivets.

Such rivets are often called tear-off or exhaust - according to the installation technology. Rivets with broach recent times are becoming more and more popular. This happens for several reasons:

• technological simplicity of installation of rivets;
• it is enough to have access to the installation only on one side of the structure;
• no rivet support required reverse side;
• low cost and compactness of the tool for installing rivets;
• high performance when setting rivets
• variety of types of rivets

Since tear-off rivets are hollow, after installation, a hole remains inside the rivet, into which you can lay wires, install other fasteners - for example, screws. The diameter of the normal head of such rivets is approximately equal to twice the diameter of the rivet. D ≈ 2d . Along with a normal head, rivets can have an enlarged head with a diameter equal to three times the diameter of the rivet. D ≈ 3d.

A special type of water- and gas-tight rivets with a broach is also produced - deaf or hermetic rivets, after installation of which the connection is tight.

The installation of rivets with a broach is carried out using a special tool - a rivet gun - a riveter. Mechanical manual riveters and high-performance pneumatic and battery electric riveters are produced.

A schematic diagram of the installation of a rivet with a broach is shown in the video:

Materials for rivets with broach

Based on the method of installing rivets with a broach, it seems logical that the rivet assembly consists of two materials, and the material of the rod must be stronger than the material of the rivet itself - otherwise, the rod will open and compress the rivet before it collapses itself. In such rivets, either a pair of different materials or the same type of materials are used, but with different strengths. Here are the most common pairs of materials for rivets with broach:

• (in fact, the rivet is not made of aluminum, but of an aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg, which can have different percentages of magnesium (Mg): 1%; 2.5%; 3.5%; 5% - respectively alloys AMg, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5- the higher the content of magnesium (Mg), the stronger the rivet) - denote Al/St
• (the rivet is made of aluminium-magnesium alloy AMg, and the outside is powder coated in a certain color from the color layout RAL) - denote Al/St 0000 , where 0000 - four-digit layout color number RAL
• Aluminum rivet + aluminum rod (the rivet and the rod are made of aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg, but with a different percentage of magnesium - the rod is stronger) - denote Al/Al
• Aluminum rivet + stainless steel rod - designate Al/A2
• (both the rivet and the stem are made of stainless steel, but of different grades, and the stem is stronger) - denote A2/A2 or A4/A4
• - designate Cu/St
• Copper rivet + bronze rod - designate Cu/Br
• Copper rivet + stainless steel rod - designate Cu/A2
• (rivet and rod made of steel, but different grades and the rod is stronger) - denote St/St

Determining the length of a rivet with a broach

The length of a pull rivet can be determined using the following table, depending on the thickness of the materials to be fastened (the manufacturer strongly does not recommend using rivets for riveting materials with a thickness less than the lower recommended limit and above the upper limit).

Threaded rivets

Threaded rivets, although they were invented almost simultaneously with broach rivets, have become widespread only recently.

A threaded rivet is a hybrid of a hollow rivet and a nut, therefore the second name of such rivets is riveting nuts. In fact, there is no unity in the name - they are also called a rivet nut, a threaded rivet, a rivet nut. Such a mess with names is explained by the lack of an ISO or DIN standard for this type of fastener. The design feature of riveting nuts determines their dual purpose: they can be used both to rivet sheet materials together, and simply to create threaded fastening points on thin-walled structural elements. The convenience of installing rivets is due to the absence of the need for access from the back of the structure - the so-called "blind installation". During installation, the already processed surface of the part, for example, coated, painted, is not damaged.

According to the shape of the shoulder (head), riveting nuts are divided into:

• with a flat cylindrical shoulder (normal and reduced)
• with hidden shoulder (normal and reduced)

By design, threaded rivets are divided into open - with a through hole, and deaf - closed on one side.

By shape outer surface threaded rivets are divided into:

• smooth
• corrugated
• hexagonal
• semi-hexagonal

Installation, as in the case of detachable (exhaust) rivets, is carried out using a specialized tool - tongs for riveting nuts - a riveter. Mechanical manual riveters and high-performance pneumatic riveters are produced.

Materials for threaded rivets

Currently, European manufacturers produce threaded rivets from the following materials:

• Aluminum-magnesium alloys
• Steel galvanized
• Stainless steel

How to choose the length of a threaded rivet

The selection of the correct rivet length is carried out depending on the type of threaded rivet and the thickness of the sheet structure on which the rivet is installed. The length of the rivet with the same thread varies depending on the type of rivet. Many types of threaded rivets come in normal length and elongated. Rivet length must be selected according to

Tables with sizes and parameters of rivets