When performing stone work, safety requirements must be met. Scaffolding and scaffolding must be strong and stable. Floorings and transitional stairs on them must have railings at a height of at least 1 m with a board board at least 15 cm wide. All openings in the floorings and openings in the walls facing the outside must be fenced with strong railings or covered with shields.

When working from the internal scaffolding outside the building, a solid protective canopy made of wooden flooring or wire mesh with a width of at least 1.5 m is arranged with an upward slope from the wall at an angle of at least 20 °. The first row of canopies is arranged at a height of no higher than 6 m from the ground, the second row is 6-7 m higher than the first, then it is rearranged as the structure is erected. Structures up to 8 m high can be erected without the installation of peaks with a mandatory fence at the bottom. Laying of walls with a height of more than 8 m of temporary flooring along the beams of interfloor ceilings is prohibited.

Cornices protruding from the walls by more than 30 cm should be made from external or outlet scaffolding. These cornices must have temporary fastenings, which can be removed only after the final hardening of the mortar in the masonry.

When moving and applying for workplace lifting cranes of bricks, ceramic stones and small blocks should use pallets, containers and lifting devices that prevent the load from falling when lifting. When laying the walls of buildings to a height of up to 0.7 m from the working platform and a distance from its level behind the wall being erected to the ground (ceiling) of more than 1.3 m, it is necessary to use collective protection equipment (enclosing or trapping devices) or safety belts.

Laying of external walls with a thickness of up to 0.75 m in a standing position on the wall is not allowed.

With a wall thickness of more than 0.75 m, it is allowed to lay from the wall using a safety belt attached to a special safety device.

It is not allowed to lay the walls of buildings of the next floor without installing the load-bearing structures of the interfloor ceiling, as well as platforms and marches in stairwells.

When laying walls with a height of more than 7 m, it is necessary to use protective peaks around the perimeter of the building that meet the following requirements:

the width of the protective canopies must be at least 1.5 m, and they must be installed with a slope to the wall so that the angle formed between the lower part of the building wall and the surface of the canopy is 110°, and the gap between the building wall and the canopy flooring does not exceed 50 mm;

Protective canopies must withstand a uniformly distributed snow load established for a given climatic region, and a concentrated load of at least 1600 N (160 kgf) applied in the middle of the span;

The first row of protective canopies should have a solid flooring at a height of no more than 6 m from the ground and be maintained until the walls are completely laid, and the second row, made of solid or mesh materials with a cell of no more than 50-50 mm, should be installed at a height of 6-7 m above first row, and then in the course of masonry to be rearranged every 6-7 m.

Workers installing, cleaning, or removing protective visors must work with safety belts. Walking on the canopies, using them as scaffolding, and stacking materials on them is not allowed. Without protective visors, it is allowed to lay walls up to 7 m high with the designation danger zone along the perimeter of the building.

When laying industrial brick pipes, it is not allowed to work on the top of the pipe during a thunderstorm or with a wind speed of more than 15 m / s.

A protective double flooring made of boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm should be installed above the place of loading the lift at a height of 2.5-5 m.

It is allowed to remove temporary fasteners of the elements of the cornice or wall cladding after the mortar reaches the strength established by the project.

The erection of stone structures by freezing is allowed if there are instructions in the project on the possibility, procedure and conditions for using this method.

For stone structures made by freezing, the method of thawing structures (artificial or natural) must be determined and measures must be indicated to ensure the stability and geometric invariability of structures for the period of thawing and curing of the solution.

During the period of natural thawing and hardening of the mortar in stone structures made by freezing, constant monitoring should be established. Staying in a building or structure of persons not participating in measures to ensure the stability of these structures is not allowed.

It is necessary to process natural stones within the territory of the construction site in specially designated places where it is not allowed to find persons who are not involved in this work.

Workplaces located at a distance of less than 3 m from each other must be separated by protective screens.

→ Stone work

Safety in the production of stone work

A bricklayer must perform bricklaying only from scaffolding or scaffolding, without standing on the wall.

You can work on the wall (stand on the inner verst) if the thickness of the wall is three bricks or more; at the same time, safety belts must be used and tied to stable structures.

Scaffolding and scaffolding must be installed on cleaned, leveled surfaces. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the racks of tubular scaffolding on the ground. To evenly distribute the pressure under the racks, wooden linings are laid perpendicular to the wall being erected (one lining for two racks).

Flooring on scaffolding and scaffolding must be flat and not have gaps. They should be made from inventory shields sewn with planks. The gap between the wall of the building under construction and the working deck of the scaffold should not exceed 5 cm. This gap is needed so that, by lowering the plumb line below the scaffold, it is possible to check the verticality of the masonry being erected.

The condition of all structures of scaffolding and scaffolding, including the condition of connections, flooring and fences, should be systematically monitored. The condition of scaffolding and scaffolding must be checked daily before the start of the shift by the foreman in charge of the relevant work area at this facility, and the foreman.

The laying of any tier of walls is carried out so that its level after each mixing is 15 cm higher than the working floor.

Simultaneously with the laying of walls, ready-made window blocks should be installed in window openings. In cases where door and window openings are not filled with ready-made blocks during the laying process, the openings must be closed with inventory fences.

The laying of cornices protruding from the plane of the wall by more than 30 cm, in the absence of external scaffolding, must be carried out from inventory outlet hanging scaffolding.

When laying walls from internal scaffolds, it is necessary to arrange external inventory protective visors around the entire perimeter of the building in the form of flooring on brackets hung on steel hooks, which are embedded in the masonry as it is erected.

When installing canopies, the following requirements must be observed: the first row of canopies should be installed at a height of not more than 6 m from the ground and left until the masonry walls are erected to the full height; install the second row of canopies at a height of 6-7 m above the first row, and then rearrange them every 6-7 m along the course of laying.

Without the device of protective peaks, it is possible to lay the walls of buildings with a height of no more than 7 m, but at the same time, fences must be arranged on the ground along the perimeter of buildings at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the wall.

1. In the production of brickwork for walls and installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, be guided by the safety rules in construction SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction".

2. The installation and operation of the crane runway shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Instructions for the arrangement of operation and relocation of rail tracks for construction tower cranes" SN 78-79.

3. At all construction sites - at work sites, workplaces, passages of cars and vehicles, passages for people, select dangerous ones and mark them with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form.

4. Construction site areas of the robot, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them at night must be illuminated in accordance with the standards specified in SN 81-80. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

5. All persons on construction site, are required to wear protective helmets in accordance with GOST 12.4.087-80. Workers and engineers without protective helmets and other necessary personal protective equipment are not allowed to perform work.

6. Before starting work, the members of the team involved in the laying of walls and the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, as well as the tower crane operators, must be familiar with the project for the production of works ( technological map and safety measures).

7. Before starting work, check the reliability of the ropes, blocks and braking devices of the crane.

8. For slinging loads, use only serviceable and tested load-handling devices. It is forbidden to use lifting devices and containers, the carrying capacity of which is unknown.

9. Loads on the platform decking should not exceed the permissible values ​​established by the project (passport).

10. The level of masonry after each movement of the means of paving should be at least 0.7 m higher than the level of the working floor or ceiling. In all other cases, if there is a possible danger of falling, it is necessary to use a safety belt, fastening it to the loops of installed and securely fixed reinforced concrete structures or a special safety device.

11. It is not allowed to lay the walls of the building of the next floor without installing the supporting structures of the interfloor ceiling, as well as platforms and flights in the stairwells.

12. When laying walls with a height of more than 7 m around the entire perimeter of the building, install protective canopies with a width of at least 1.5 m with a slope towards the wall. The angle formed between the lower part of the building wall and the surface of the canopy should be 110°.

13. Above the entrances to the building under construction, arrange sheds measuring 2 × 2 m in plan.

14. Prior to the installation of joinery, window and door openings of the laid out walls must be protected.

15. On the site (grip) where installation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

16. The combination of mounting and other robots along the same vertical is allowed with the written permission of the chief engineer after the implementation of measures to ensure the safe performance of work.

17. It is forbidden to lift prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that do not have mounting loops or marks that ensure their correct slinging and installation. It is not allowed to lift a load whose weight is unknown.

18. It is not allowed for people to stay on structural elements during their lifting or moving.

19. It is not allowed to leave the raised structural elements on weight. It is not allowed to find people under the mounted structural elements until they are installed in the design position and secured.

20. Unslinging of structural elements installed in the design position should be carried out after their permanent or temporary reliable fastening.

21. It is forbidden to lift loads with a tower crane into door and window openings without the installation of external loading platforms.

22. It is not allowed to carry out construction and installation work in icy conditions, fog, snowfall, thunderstorms, at air temperatures below or at wind speeds above the limits provided for in the tower crane's passport. The tower crane must be secured with anti-theft devices.

23. External electrical wiring for temporary power supply should be carried out with insulated wire along supports at a height of 2.5 m above workplaces, 3.5 m - above aisles, 6.0 m - above aisles.

7. SAFETY AND HEALTH IN STONE WORKS

7.1.

Safe bricklaying practices

Safety is a set of measures and rules, with strict observance of which working conditions are ensured that are safe for life and health.

Before work the bricklayer needs to be instructed on safe methods and techniques for performing the production task; inspect the workplace and check the correct placement of materials; check the serviceability of tools, inventory, fixtures; establish the presence of external protective visors and fences in the openings; put on overalls and a protective helmet.

When laying from scaffolds or scaffolding(Fig. 7.1) the following requirements must be met:

1) the working platform should be located 150 mm below the top of the masonry;

2) the width of the flooring must be at least 2 m, and the flooring itself must have a flat surface and not sag when walking;

3) the gap between the masonry and flooring should not exceed 50 mm;

4) with a flooring height of not more than 1 m, scaffolding and scaffolding must be
fenced with railings with a height of at least 1.1 m, consisting of a handrail, a horizontal intermediate element and a side board;

5) when arranging masonry materials along the laid out wall, a passage of at least 60 ... 70 cm must remain.

Rice. 7.1. Storage of masonry materials
on the scaffold

Supply of bricks and mortar. Ceramic bricks, stone on pallets with supporting bars are fed to the mason's workplace with a pick-up case, consisting of two L-shaped half-cases with gripping levers, which are brought under the pallet shield (Fig. 7.2).

Wall materials on pallets with hooks at the ends are served with a grip-case with a rigid fence. The end brackets, pivotally connected to the grip frame, are hooked onto the four hooks of the sling and the pallet is fed to the mason's workplace (Fig. 7.3).

Brick arriving atconstruction site without pallets, served self-tighteningcapture (fig. 7.4 and 7.5). The mass of the package with the grip is 1.9 tons, therefore, it is allowed to install a brick with such a grip only on reinforced scaffolds. If the scaffolding and scaffolding are not designed for such a load, then the top six rows of the package are first lifted with a grip, then the bottom four.

Rice. 7.3. Supply of bricks on pallets with hooks: a– putting cases on the pallet; b- fixing the fence for the hooks of the pallet; 1 - pallet hooks; 2 - case body; 3 - hard fencing

Rice. 7.4. Feed self-tightening
capture: 1 - a package of silicate bricks;
2 - self-tightening grip

Rice. 7.5. Supply of masonry mortar:
a- distributing hopper;
b- in boxes tied with a garland

The solution is supplied by a dispensing hopper moved by a crane (Fig. 7.5). At workplaces, masons' boxes are filled with mortar from a hopper, the volume of which allows filling up to five mortar boxes.

Boxes loaded with mortar are delivered to the workplace.

When supplying masonry materials, it is forbidden to be under the supplied load. The arrangement of materials on the working floor of scaffolds and scaffolding, as well as on the ceilings, is carried out in accordance with the scheme approved by the project for the production of works.

In the process of laying the bricklayer observes the following safety measures (Fig. 7.6):

- monitors the correctness hand tool, the working surfaces of which should be even, and the wooden handles should be tightly fitted and wedged;

– works in mittens;

- performs jointing of external seams after each row in such a way as not to be on the wall;

- he performs cutting and cutting of bricks in goggles;

- protects the laid out openings or inserts window or door blocks into them;

- the masonry at the level of the floors is completed in the form of a ledge (side), rising 150 mm above the laid floor;

- when laying out the outer pilasters, when you have to stand on wall, puts on a safety belt and is fixed to stable parts of the building.

Rice. 7.6. Measures to ensure masonry safety: a- fencing of openings;
b- arrangement of a side at the level of interfloor ceilings; in– work with a safety belt; 1 - inventory fence; 2 - side; 3 - safety belt; 4 – halyard fixed to the stable structures of the building

Labor protection instruction for masons

Bricklayers in the production of work on brickwork according to their qualifications, they are required to comply with the safety requirements set forth in the "Standard instructions for labor protection for workers in construction, industry building materials and housing and communal services", of this standard instruction, developed taking into account building codes and regulations Russian Federation, as well as the requirements of manufacturers' instructions for the operation of technological equipment, equipment and tools used during operation.

It is necessary to comply with the safety requirements in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 and the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87.

Before starting work on brickwork, masons must:

Present to the manager a certificate of knowledge of safe methods of working on brickwork;

Prepare the necessary personal protective equipment, check them, put on a helmet, overalls, special. footwear of the established sample;

Prepare the necessary personal protective equipment, check them, receive an assignment to perform work on brickwork from a foreman or manager, and undergo instruction at the workplace, taking into account the specifics of the work performed.

After receiving the assignment from the foreman or supervisor, the masons are required to:

Prepare the necessary personal protective equipment, check their serviceability;

Prepare technological equipment, tools necessary for performing work on brickwork, check their compliance with safety requirements.

Bricklayers should not start work on brickwork when:

Untimely conduct of regular tests (technical inspection) of technological equipment, tools and fixtures;

Untimely carrying out of the next tests or expiration of the service life of the protective equipment for workers, established by the manufacturer;

Insufficient illumination of workplaces and approaches to them;

Violation of the stability of structures of buildings and structures;

Detected violations of safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the masons are obliged to report them to the foreman or brickwork supervisor.

When laying buildings, masons must:

Place bricks and mortar on ceilings or scaffolding in such a way that between them and the wall of the building there is a passage with a width of at least 0.6 m and overloading of the working floor is not allowed;

Use collective protection means (fences, trapping devices) or a safety belt with a safety rope when laying walls to a height of up to 0.7 m from the working platform, if the distance behind the wall under construction to the wall (ceiling) surface is more than 1.3 m;

To erect each subsequent floor of the building only after laying the floors above the erected floor;

Close voids in the slabs before they are delivered to the masonry site in the design position.

Bricklayers are obliged to fasten the safety belt in the places indicated by the work manager when laying:

Cornices, parapets, as well as alignment of corners, cleaning of facades, installation, dismantling and cleaning of protective peaks;

Walls of elevator shafts and other masonry work performed near unenclosed drops in height of 1.3 m or more;

Walls with a thickness of more than 0.75 m in the "standing" position on the wall.

Before laying the outer walls, masons must make sure that there are no people in the danger zone below, close to the place of work on the brickwork.

When moving and supplying bricks, ceramic stones and small blocks to the workplace by cranes, pallets, containers and lifting devices should be used to prevent the load from falling. Masons carrying out slinging of cargo must have a certificate of slingers and comply with the requirements of the "Standard instructions for labor protection for slingers".

In order to avoid the fall of pallets moved by a crane, freed from bricks, before they are slinged, it is necessary to tie them into packages.

When moving by a crane the elements of prefabricated building structures(floor slabs, lintels, flights of stairs, platforms and other products) masons are required to be outside the danger zone that arose when moving goods with cranes. It is allowed to approach the specified elements only at a distance of not more than 0.5 m after they are lowered over the installation site to the design position.

During the acceptance of elements of prefabricated building structures, one should not be between the accepted elements of structures and the nearest edge of the outer wall.

Elements of prefabricated building structures should be installed without shocks and impacts on the mounted elements of building structures.

When performing work on punching furrows, fitting bricks and ceramic stones by chipping, masons are required to use safety glasses.

When supplying materials manually to the pits or to the underlying workplaces, masons are required to use inclined chutes with side boards. Materials lowered along the chute should be accepted after their descent has been stopped. Dropping materials from a height is not allowed.

When working with solutions with chemical additives, masons are required to use the protective equipment provided for by the technological map for the performance of these works.

Safety requirements in emergency situations with brickwork

In the event of a failure of a pallet with a brick at the time of its movement by a crane, the masons must leave the danger zone and give a “Stop” signal to the crane operator. After that, the brick should be lowered to the ground and transferred to a serviceable pallet.

If cracks or displacement of the brickwork are found, work on the brickwork should be immediately stopped and the manager should be informed about this.

In the event of a soil landslide or violation of the integrity of the fastening of the slopes of the excavation, the masons are obliged to stop laying the foundation, leave the workplace and report the incident to the head of the brickwork.

Upon completion of work on brickwork, masons are required to:

Remove debris, waste materials and tools from the wall and scaffolding;

Clean the tool from the solution and put it in the place provided for storage;

Put in order and put away in the places intended for this place overalls, special footwear and personal protective equipment;

Notify the manager or foreman of any problems that have arisen during work.

4.7. Safety precautions for plastering work:

When performing plastering work, one should strictly observe the safety rules, guided by the current regulatory and instructive documentation, including SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production", Chapter 10.

In addition, when performing plastering work, special attention must be paid to the following requirements:

Persons who have been instructed in safety precautions, who have studied the devices, the principle and procedure for working with mechanisms and tools, are allowed to plaster work;

When performing plastering works with the use of mortar pumping units, it is necessary to provide two-way communication between the operator and the machine operator;

To dry the premises of buildings and structures under construction, if it is impossible to use heating systems, air heaters (electric or liquid fuel) should be used. When installing them, you must comply with the requirements of fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation works. It is forbidden to heat and dry the room with braziers and other devices that emit fuel combustion products into the room.

Before the start of each shift, check the serviceability of mortar pumps, dispenser hoses and other equipment used for plastering work. Gauges must be sealed.

It is forbidden to operate mortar pumps at a pressure exceeding that specified in the passport.

Operators who apply plaster to the surface with a nozzle and workers who spray by hand are provided with protective goggles.

Portable current collectors (tools, machines, lamps, etc.) used in the performance of plastering work must have a voltage of not more than 36 V.

Scaffolding tools and other devices that ensure the safety of work performance must comply with the requirements of the "scaffolding tools".

Scaffolding means must have even working platforms with a gap between the boards of not more than 5 mm, and when the flooring is located at a height of 1.3 mm or more, fences and side elements. Lap joints of flooring panels are allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.

When accepting the scaffolding, the following should be checked: the presence of ties and fasteners that ensure stability, the attachment points of individual elements, working platforms and fences, the verticality of the racks, the reliability of the support platforms and grounding (for metal scaffolding).

In places where people climb onto the scaffolding, there should be posters indicating the magnitude and layout of loads.

Towers during operation should be inspected by a foreman or foreman at least every 10 days.

4.8. Safety precautions when working on the thermal insulation device:

Work on the installation of external thermal insulation of the building must be carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.1.003 "SSBT. Noise. General requirements safety"; GOST 12.1.004 "SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements"; GOST 12.1.005 "SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area"; GOST 12.1.019 "SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection"; "GOST 12.1.029 "SSBT. Means and methods of noise protection"; GOST 12.1.030. "SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding and zeroing"; GOST 12.2.003 "SSBT. Industrial equipment. General safety requirements"; GOST 12.2.010 "SSBT. Manual pneumatic machines. General safety requirements"; GOST 12.2.011 "SSBT. Construction and road machines. General safety requirements"; GOST 12.2.013.5 "SSBT. Hand-held electric machines. Particular safety requirements and test methods for saws and circular saws"; GOST 12.2.013.6 "SSBT. Hand-held electric machines. Specific safety requirements and test methods for hammers and perforators"; GOST 12.2.013.0 "SSBT. Manual electric machines. General safety requirements and test methods"; GOST 12.2.030 "SSBT. Manual machines. Noise characteristics. Standards. Control methods"; GOST 12.2.033 "SSBT. Workplaces when performing work while standing. General ergonomic requirements"; GOST 12.2.062 "SSBT. Industrial equipment. Protective fences"; GOST 12.2.071 "SSBT. Hoisting cranes. Container cranes"; GOST 12.3.009 "SSBT. Loading and unloading works. General safety requirements"; GOST 12.3.033 "SSBT. Construction machines. General safety requirements for operation"; GOST 12.3.038 "SSBT. Construction. Works on thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines. Safety requirements"; GOST 12.4.011 "SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification"; GOST 12.4.026 "SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs"; GOST 12.4.059 "SSBT. Construction. Inventory safety fences.

4.8. Safety painting works:

When performing work on surface finishing with paint compositions, it is necessary to comply with the rules provided for by SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements", "Instructions on fire safety for workers and engineering and technical workers of construction sites and enterprises of Glavmosstroy", GOST 12 1.004-91* "Fire safety", GOST 12.3.035-84 "Painting works".

Workers involved in painting work should be trained in work techniques and safe working methods.

Painting work at height should be carried out from scaffolding or cradles.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and received a certificate for the right to work with these tools, as well as certified for the first group of safety precautions and who do not have medical contraindications for this type of work, are allowed to work with pneumatic tools. Every painter using a pneumatic painting tool, must know the instructions and rules for the technical operation of the tool, safe ways to connect and disconnect the tool from the air duct; the main causes of tool failure and safe ways to fix them.

In the event of a malfunction in the operation of the mechanisms, the necessary repairs can only be carried out after they have been stopped, de-energized and the supply of compressed air has been cut off.

The housings of all electrical mechanisms must be reliably grounded.

Workers engaged in the production of painting work must be provided with the following individual and collective protective equipment in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-89, which must be used depending on the nature of the work performed:

Safety shoes and overalls (GOST 12.4.103-83);

Rubber gloves (GOST 20010-93);

Cotton gloves (TU 17 RSFSR 06-7745-84);

To protect the eyes, goggles of an open or closed type;

For respiratory protection - anti-dust respirators RU-60MA, RPG-67A, ShB-1, "Petal" (GOST 12.4.028-76 * , GOST 17269-71 * , RU-6ONU (GOST 17269-71 * ).

The complex of sanitary and technical measures includes the provision of workers with amenity premises, sanitary and hygienic devices (SNiP 2.09.04-87*).

Workers employed in painting work must undergo an acceptance medical examination upon admission to work and periodic medical examinations by order of the Ministry of Health N 90 of 14.03.96.

In the process of using finishing materials, an insignificant amount of solid and liquid waste may be generated, they must be collected in special containers and sent for destruction in accordance with SN 3184-84 "The procedure for the accumulation, transportation, neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste." It is necessary to strictly observe the whole complex of measures for the protection environment. In the same way, the product is disposed of after the expiration of the warranty period of storage.

If paint or finishes come in contact with skin, remove with hand cleaner and rinse with water.

Solvent-based paint compositions and solvents must be stored in closed, ventilated, explosion-proof rooms in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9980.5-86.