A service is an action aimed at satisfying the desires of the consumer for a certain monetary reward. As a rule, such an action is performed by one individual or legal entity in relation to another. In other words, a service is an intangible type of product that can also be sold. There are different types of services that differ in the end result. A more detailed classification of such activities will be presented below.

Kinds

All services that are offered to the population are divided into material and socio-cultural. The first type of activity is based on the satisfaction of material goods. These include such types of services as repair of household appliances and cars, construction, apartment cleaning, dry cleaning, cargo transportation, etc. Socio-cultural services are aimed at satisfying spiritual as well as intellectual needs. For example, services such as training foreign language, haircut, massage, belong specifically to the socio-cultural.

The activity can be private or commercial. In the first case, the types of basic services are provided by a specific person who has all necessary equipment and a certificate. If the activity is carried out by a specific organization, the services are considered commercial. In addition, activities can be carried out both on a paid basis and on a free basis. Mutual services deserve special attention, when two people satisfy each other's requirements (one make-up artist does make-up to another, and vice versa).

Below are the most common examples of services.

Legal services

You have to deal with legal acts and laws at almost every step. However, a person without special education will not know all the nuances. But ignorance of the law is no excuse. What to do? To study law? Completely optional. A qualified lawyer will come to the rescue, who will be able to provide services for a small financial reward.

There are various types of services that are based on jurisprudence. The most demanded are notaries and lawyers. These specialists will always be able to help re-register documents for an apartment or resolve a controversial issue. Activities are carried out by both public and private lawyers. To whom to contact, everyone decides for himself. Frequent specialists perform the work more conscientiously, but they also charge an appropriate fee for the services.

Educational services

As long as a person lives, he must learn something new. It is no coincidence that the types of services provided related to training and education remain in demand. Every day there are more and more private kindergartens, schools and universities. educational institutions. Universities manage to obtain an international diploma. And children who study in a private preschool educational institution, even before the first grade, know how to write and read in syllables.

Various advanced training courses are also popular. Girls are trained in make-up, nail, hair and eyelash extensions, guys are trained in extreme driving and repair. All these are types of social services that are aimed at spiritual development. A person develops, learns new information.

Cleaning service

Many today live in a frantic pace. Much attention is paid to work. But look at own house succeeds not always. Cleaning services are considered in demand today. For a financial reward, a cleaning specialist will clean an apartment or office space to a shine. In this case, the most modern cleaning products that do not cause an allergic reaction will be used.

When discussing the types of services associated with cleaning, one cannot but mention dry cleaning. It is not always possible to remove stains from juice, berries, fat or blood at home. But special firms have all the necessary means to put things in order. In addition, in dry cleaning you can put in order a down jacket, a natural sheepskin coat or a fur coat. These types of services are chargeable. Depending on the pollution, you will have to pay from 100 to 5000 rubles for dry cleaning. The most expensive is the removal of stains on delicate fabrics.

Transport services

Has anyone ever had to send or receive a package at least once in their life? As a rule, this type of activity is carried out by mail. Goods transportation services became even more in demand when online stores appeared. Now, to purchase a particular product, it is not necessary to go to shopping center. The choice can be made sitting at your home computer. The purchase will be delivered to your home as soon as possible.

Types of public transportation services are less expensive. At the same time, goods or securities are delivered over a long period of time. If you trust one of the private transport companies, you will have to pay a little more. But the goods will be delivered to the end point in just a few days.

Transportation services also include transportation of goods when moving. If you do not have your own car with a trailer, you can use the help of a special company. For a small fee, they will not only deliver a bulky load to its destination, but also help to bring it to the floor.

Medical services

For almost everyone, health comes first. The medical sphere in Russia, unfortunately, is underdeveloped. People have to stand in long lines to get to the right specialist. All this was the impetus for the development of private medicine. Everyone is willing to pay a certain amount to get quality service.

There are different types of service delivery in the medical field. These are diagnostics, various types of examinations, outpatient treatment. In order to get into a private clinic, you just need to have a certain amount of finance and strive for recovery. Private medical services are provided to absolutely everyone, regardless of citizenship.

Banking services

In the material world, banking services remain the most in demand. People draw up invoices for transfer wages, put money on deposit, take loans. There are different types of services in the financial sector. According to statistics, lending is the most popular. In order to get what they want here and now, many agree to borrow money. A small overpayment is a reward for this kind of service.

A financial institution can also become a reliable tool for saving your savings. Deposits and bank accounts are types of social services that are absolutely free for the consumer. At the same time, the financial institution can dispose of the money at its own discretion until the termination of the contract.

Services of a hairdresser and makeup artist

Activities of this kind are aimed at satisfying both the material needs of a person and the socio-cultural ones. The consumer derives joy from improving his appearance. This also includes the services of a cosmetologist who solves skin problems, treats acne and redness.

The services of a hairdresser and makeup artist are relatively inexpensive and can be provided both in the salon and at home. The quality of performance depends on the qualifications of the master. More experienced specialists take from five hundred rubles. Almost all types of services require appropriate financial costs.

Tourist services

Traveling to foreign cities and countries always causes a lot of positive emotions. But it is dangerous to go anywhere without knowledge of the language and accompaniment. It is always possible to use the help of a tour operator. Specialists will not only recommend a good hotel, but also help you get a visa, take care of insurance. The characteristics of the types of services in the tourism sector are based on the countries with which the tour operator works. If vouchers are provided only in the territory of the homeland, the activity of the agent is reduced to providing a hotel. Working with other countries requires more attention. In this case, travel services may include insurance, visas, search for a Russian-speaking hotel, etc.

Tourist services remain in demand today. Hitchhiking is, of course, much cheaper. But it’s better to overpay a little so that the vacation is not only rich, but also safe. Prices for the services of individual tour operators practically do not differ.

Advertising services

AT modern world trade is one of the first places. Some people know what types of goods and services to offer to the consumer, but they do not understand how to interest him. pledge successful sales is the correct advertisement. If information about the product is provided in the maximum volume, there will be much more people who want to buy it.

Popular today is advertising on the Internet. People who know how to draw a banner correctly can make good money. Quality advertising services are quite expensive. But those who want to earn really a lot should not spare money at the initial stage.

Summing up

There are a huge number of services that differ in the way they are provided and the end result. Anyone who knows how to perform their duties well will be able to earn good money. You can build a business on services minimum investment. The main thing is focus on results and respect for the consumer.

Service- the result of at least one action, necessarily carried out in the interaction between the supplier and the consumer, and, as a rule, is intangible. The process of rendering and the quality of services in Russia is regulated by the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights Russian Federation» .

In the Russian Federation, the concept of a service was defined in article 2 of the federal law “On state regulation foreign trade activities" dated 10/13/1995 N 157-FZ:

service for taxation purposes, an activity is recognized, the results of which do not have a material expression, are realized and consumed in the process of carrying out this activity.

The service is characterized by intangibility, perishability, variability of quality and inseparability from the source. The service can be seen as:

• Service- actions aimed directly at the consumer.
• Service- an action or activity performed by one person (natural or legal) in the interests of another person.
• Service- benefits provided in the form of activity.
• Service(in economic theory) - a type of good that can be produced, transferred and consumed at the same time.
• Service- short-term use of material wealth without the right to untimely possession of it (rent).
• Service- changing the properties of objects without changing their belonging to a person, carried out by the supplier to the consumer.
• Service- an activity carried out by someone instead of the consumer.
• Service- activities for the production of a product (tangible or intangible), carried out by order of the client (consumer), together with the client and for the client, with the transfer of the product to the client for the purpose of exchange.

The service includes joint with the client:

• designing the product and the process of its creation (order approval),
• creation (production) of a product (order fulfillment) and
• evaluation (acceptance) of the product.

Services

The provision (rendering) of a service may include, for example, the following:

• activities carried out on consumer-supplied tangible products (for example, repairing a faulty car);
• activities carried out on consumer-supplied intangible products (for example, filing an income statement necessary to determine the amount of tax);
• provision of intangible products (for example, information in the sense of knowledge transfer);
• creation of favorable conditions for consumers (for example, in hotels and restaurants).

Services provided to the population are divided into material and socio-cultural services according to their purpose:

• material service- a service to meet the material and domestic needs of the consumer of services. It ensures the restoration (change, preservation) of the consumer properties of products or the manufacture of new products on the orders of citizens, as well as the movement of goods and people, the creation of conditions for consumption. In particular, material services can include household services related to the repair and manufacture of products, housing and communal services, catering services, transport services, etc.
• Socio-cultural service(non-material service) - a service to meet the spiritual, intellectual needs and maintain the normal life of the consumer. Provides maintenance and restoration of health, spiritual and physical development of the individual, improvement of professional skills. Socio-cultural services may include medical services, cultural services, tourism, education, etc.

Services can be: private or commercial, voluntary or forced, paid or free, instant or long, mutual and anonymous, state etc.
A general category that includes all types of commercial and non-commercial services and is part of the economy is the service sector.

In the Russian Federation, the provision of services is regulated by the Civil Code, the federal law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", etc.

Service examples

• Legal services. The services of a lawyer and a lawyer are in many cases vital, therefore, the contractors for their provision should be chosen with particular seriousness and responsibility. The main directions of the services of a lawyer and a lawyer:
  • Comprehensive legal services for organizations various forms property;
  • Arbitration - representing the interests of organizations in arbitration courts;
  • Representation of interests of companies in courts of various instances;
  • Professional legal support of transactions and contracts of organizations;
  • Services legal entities related to the bankruptcy of enterprises;
  • Services of professional lawyers for the return and collection of debts;
  • Representing the interests of organizations in the event of tax disputes;
  • Processes related to registration of inheritance;
  • Services of a professional lawyer in case of traffic accidents (Legal assistance in road accidents);
  • Services of a lawyer and a lawyer in the event of housing disputes;
  • Services of a family lawyer;
  • Provision of legal and criminal defense services;
  • Ensuring consumer protection.
• Accounting services are necessary for both newly opened firms and already existing structures that need to establish an accounting service or control the work of a full-time accountant. Accounting services are also relevant in the event of business expansion, as new employees appear in the company, salaries are reviewed and associated costs arise. Professional accounting services are the foundation of a successful commercial activity, ensuring the prosperity of the business due to the precise control of all the company's financial resources.
• Psychological support services.
• Educational services.
• -services(IT services, IT services; including IT consulting) - services related to assisting in the development of computer literacy of users, teaching them new software products. The list of services also includes services for installing, updating and maintaining software products and computer equipment.
• Information Services.

and etc.

Definition of the term "service"

The concept of service and classification of services

Services as an economic activity have existed for a long time. However, defining a service proved to be a difficult task. Until now, various definitions of service can be found in the economic literature; Below are some of the more typical ones.

Services are sometimes called activities that do not create an independent product, material object or material values. Quite often, one can find the definition of a service as a useful action, deeds, deeds, or actions in general.

R. Maleri's definition is interesting: "Services are intangible assets produced for marketing purposes." By definition, intangible assets (or intangible values) are values ​​that are not physical, material objects, but have a cost, monetary value. A service is a process, a series of actions. These activities can be a tool for producing value, they can create value, but they are not value in themselves. If some actions are useful only for those who perform them, then they can hardly be considered a service.

According to K. Grenroos, a service is a process that includes a series of actions that, of necessity, occur in the interaction between buyers and service personnel, physical resources, systems of an enterprise - a service provider. This process is aimed at solving the problems of the buyer of the service. Some researchers (for example, K. Grenroos and J. Bateson) believe that describing the properties of a service is more productive than trying to derive a definition.

The purpose of the development of the non-productive sphere is the direct satisfaction of human needs. But material production also has as its goal the satisfaction of human needs. However, such satisfaction is not carried out directly. It has several steps and stages separated in time and space. The non-productive sphere functions in conditions of coincidence of production and consumption. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is not just a part of social production, but an element that directly forms socio-economic conditions. It is in the non-productive sphere, its proportionality and level of development that reflects the quality of life of the population, the degree of its well-being and living arrangements.

A significant part of the service industries (primarily manufacturing services) receives effective development in the conditions of the market mechanism based on the implementation of paid services. The paid services market is considered in conjunction with the commodity market and is subject to the laws inherent in market relations. But there is no complete identity between the market for paid services and the commodity market. Their differences are due to the specifics of services as a special kind of product, as well as the specifics of economic relations that are developing in the paid services market. The economic relations operating in the service market are distinguished, firstly, by a stronger motivation in the economic behavior of market entities.

More often than others, among the specific properties of services, they name that they represent an action or process, they are intangible, they cannot be stored, their quality is more variable compared to a tangible product, and also that the production and consumption of services are simultaneous. The following are the properties of the service:

services are a combination of the process of providing a service and consuming the result of the service;

services, depending on the object and result, are divided into tangible and intangible;

In many cases, the subject (performer) of the service is individual entrepreneur or small business;

In many cases, the consumer is the object of the service and is directly involved in the process of its provision;

provision and consumption of services can be simultaneous;

As a rule, the service has an individual nature of provision and consumption;

In the service sector, there is a high proportion of manual labor, the quality of which depends on the skill of the staff;

The provider of the service, as a rule, is not the owner of the result of the service;

services are local, non-transportable, may have regional character;

Services may not be persistent.

The reason for the difficulty of finding a definition of "service" is that it is a flexible object, the boundaries of which change depending on the desires of the provider or consumer of the service. The presence of an unambiguous exhaustive definition is required to create a theoretical structure that describes the process of interaction between a producer and a buyer in the service market. Based on the definitions and classifications already given, the following definition can be given: a service is an economic benefit in the form of activity; this is an action (or sequence of actions), the purpose of which is to increase the consumer utility of the object to which this action is directed, and the task is to influence this object.

The most common foreign and domestic classifications of services:

1. Classification of the World Trade Association

2. International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)

3. Classification of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

4. All-Russian classifier of services

The All-Russian classifier of services to the population contains 13 higher classification groups of services, only one of them - "household services" - includes about 800 items. These services are very diverse. In total, the classifier contains about 1,500 items, and it should be borne in mind that it does not include a number of new services to the population, such as audit, trust and others.

Below is a table of classification of services and their definitions. The theory and practice of the economy of the service sector today exist separately from each other. First of all, this will be noticed by those who try to highlight the common features in those types of activities that, in accordance with various classifications, are classified as services. The most common service classifications are listed below (Table 1).

Table 1 "The most common foreign and domestic classifications of services"

The main conclusions that can be drawn from this table are that the range of services is numerous and varied.

The activities that today, according to statistics, belong to the class of services are quite diverse. They are aimed at different objects, have different target audiences, sensitivity to promotion, price elasticity of demand, differ in the degree of tangibility, the possibility of transportation and storage. The performance of some services depends to a greater extent on the use of technological developments and inventions, others on the talent and skill of the one who provides the service, etc. Existing classifications capture services as they appear, but do not offer the possibility of separating them by type. For example, one of such criteria could be the presence of elements of the production process in the performance of services. Such typology would be important when developing a marketing strategy.

The presence of various types of services in the sphere of production and circulation allows us to classify them into five groups:

1. Production services - engineering, leasing, customer service for the repair of equipment and various machinery.

2. Distribution services - in trade (for the purchase and sale of steam), transport services and communications;

3. Consumer services (the most massive) - for tourism, utilities, related to the household;

4. Public services - television, radio broadcasting, education, health and culture;

5. Professional services - banking, insurance, financial, consulting, advertising, etc.

The listed classifications of services are successfully developing both in Russia and abroad. If we turn to foreign experience, it can be noted that various types of services are developing at a faster pace than the manufacturing sector. Thus, 73% of the population is employed in the non-manufacturing sector in the United States, and 66% in Western Europe.

Also, services are classified in the field of tangible and intangible production.

Material production services are associated with a change in the state of materials, industrial products, which are sold at the request of consumers. They are most often found in the field of circulation. This is the provision of various services to consumers for cutting metal, cutting roll paper, bottling liquid chemicals and edible oils, etc.

Intangible services differ from production services in the following ways: intangibility, inseparability of service production from consumption, heterogeneity or change in quality, and inability of services to be stored.

So, we can draw some conclusions. Today, there is no unity in the definitions of a service and its properties, and there are several reasons for this. One of the main reasons is that the activities that can be called services are many and varied, as are the objects to which these activities are directed. Often the purchase of goods is accompanied by related services, and almost every purchase of services is accompanied by related products.

Service

Service

noun, and., use comp. often

Morphology: (no) what? services, what? service, (see) what? service, how? service, about what? about the service; pl. what? services, (no) what? services, what? services, (see) what? services, how? services, about what? about services

1. service name the action of a person that creates favorable conditions for the actions of another person.

Friendly service. | Ask someone for a favor. | Remember the service rendered by someone.

2. When someone renders to anyone service, he helps someone to do something, to achieve the result he needs.

Once I did a favor for a neighbor by getting his daughter a job, and now he has helped me with car repairs.

3. Services called the work that someone does to satisfy someone's needs, needs.

Legal services. | Medical, educational services. | Intermediary services. | Publishing, printing services. | Home delivery services. | Car repair services. | Offer your services to someone. | Refuse someone's services.

4. household services nАבːҐБΑ system of household or other amenities that are provided to any group of people, society to create comfortable living conditions, activities, etc.

Utilities. | Pay for the services provided. | Service tariffs. | The procedure and conditions for the provision of local telephone network services.

5. Phrase at your service used as an etiquette expression of someone's polite readiness to be useful to someone.

complaisant adj.

Dictionary Russian language Dmitrieva. D.V. Dmitriev. 2003 .

See what a "service" is in other dictionaries:

The service is the result of at least one action, necessarily carried out in the interaction between the supplier and the consumer, and, as a rule, is intangible. In the Russian Federation, the concept of a service is defined in Article 2 federal law… … Wikipedia

Service, favor, help, pleasing. Offer your services. Disservice. One good turn deserves another; hand washes hand. .. Wed… Synonym dictionary

SERVICE, services, wives. 1. An action that brings help, benefit to another. "Service in friendship is a sacred thing." Krylov. “Six servants, blink an eye, so they rush to the service with all their might.” Leikin. Do someone a favor. Thank you for your…… Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

service- The result of direct interaction between the contractor and the consumer, as well as the contractor's own activities to meet the needs of the consumer. Note According to the functional purpose, services provided to the population are divided ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

SERVICE, and, wives. 1. An action that is beneficial, helping another. Provide service. Offer your services. Friendly at. Bear at. (embarrassing help, service that causes only harm). 2. pl. Household amenities provided to n. Bureau of good ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Any paid benefit that is not separable from its source... Glossary of Crisis Management Terms

- (service) Economic good (good), acting in the form of labor, consultation, art of management - in contrast to material goods (commodity). Commercial services (services to trade) include banking, insurance, transport ... ... Glossary of business terms

- (service) From an economic point of view, a commodity or good (good) in the form of labor, consultation, the art of management, etc., in contrast to a material commodity (commodity). Commercial services (services to trade) include banking, insurance, ... ... Financial vocabulary

Service- ■ This is what is called to provide services: to give children beaters; beat animals; punish villains... Lexicon of Common Truths

Service- characterized by intangibility, perishability, inconstancy of quality and inseparability from the source. Services are actions aimed directly at the consumer. Services are activities that do not create a new ... ... Accounting Encyclopedia

Service- (for tax purposes) activities, the results of which have no material expression, are realized and consumed in the process of carrying out this activity ... Encyclopedic dictionary-reference book of the head of the enterprise

Definition of the concept of "service" and "service". Characteristics and features of hotel services.

One of the civil scientists who studied the problem of the correlation of these concepts is E.D. Sheshenin. In his work, he writes that the service sector is not identical to the service sector. The service sector, in his opinion, includes only those economic relations in which citizens receive "special use value" in the form of the activities of a service organization to meet their needs. Service also includes all spheres of satisfaction of the spiritual and material needs of citizens. The service sector includes tourism services.

The hospitality industry as a type of economic activity includes the provision of hotel services and the organization for a fee of short-term accommodation in hotels, campsites, motels, school and student hostels, guest houses, etc. This activity also includes restaurant services. All the main characteristics apply to hotel services, which to a certain extent makes them related to tourist services and services in general. But they also have their own specifics.

In relation to the complex of services provided in the hotel, such a common characteristic for services as the simultaneity, the inseparable nature of the processes of production and consumption, does not fully operate. Individual hotel services are not related to the presence of the client. For example, cleaning and preparing a room for sale does not coincide in place and time with the moment the room is sold in the reception service and the client's immediate check-in.

“Services are the result of direct interaction between the contractor and the consumer, as well as the contractor's own activities to meet the needs of the consumer. Service - the activity of the service provider in direct contact with the consumer of the service. In this way, service is an action in the process of providing a service.

The service of the accommodation facility has a number of fundamental differences from the product. Determining the essence of this difference and characteristic features is extremely important for identifying objective indicators and rational ways to ensure and manage the quality of services of accommodation facilities.

Intangibility. Unlike tangible goods, service cannot be valued until it is actually delivered. Moreover, when offering its services on the market, the accommodation company in most cases does not have the opportunity to demonstrate the material component of the service in real performance. Having decided to use the number in a certain period of time, the consumer, as a rule, sees it for the first time only upon arrival) Upon completion of using the services of the accommodation facility, the consumer does not receive anything material from the enterprise that provided the service. However, after the service, the consumer forms a set of impressions, opinions and memories about the services provided to him. By recollection in this case is understood that emotional mood, positive or negative, which remains in memory as a result of relationships arising from the service process.

Consumer participation. In most situations typical of the accommodation industry, the provision of a service requires the presence of both the person who provides it and the person to whom it is provided, i.e. the service is formed in the course of service in the interaction of the performer and the consumer. The consumer is directly involved in the service, setting a task for the service side, controlling the progress of its implementation, putting forward new requirements as necessary.

The inextricable link between the process of providing and consuming a service. The processes of providing and consuming the service of the accommodation facility proceed simultaneously. The consumer simultaneously participates in the provision of the service, and perceives this service as the result of the performer's activity.

Unity of delivery and consumption processes . The accommodation service is provided and consumed in the same place, and the consumer himself is part of the service distribution system, which in some cases takes the form of self-service. It follows from this that the consumer can influence other consumers during the service. Following the accepted standards of behavior, the consumer of accommodation facility services contributes to the formation of positive impressions from the service received by other clients of the enterprise.

Another aspect of the need for consumer participation is that not only the performer, but also the consumer himself must know the mandatory conditions under which the service can be provided.

Non-preservation. The service of the accommodation facility cannot be accumulated and stored in anticipation of sale, like a manufactured commodity. Due to the fixed number of locations, losses due to the lack of demand for some of these places in some period cannot be compensated by an increase in sales in other time periods.