In a job interview or any other, they often ask you to draw a non-existent animal. A "childish" test with a serious meaning, or what a drawing of a fictional animal will tell about.

Test non-existent animal. (Projective technique "Draw an animal"):

Instruction.

Invent and draw a NON-EXISTENT animal and call it a NON-EXISTENT name.

Key.

The method of personality research using the projective test "Non-existent animal" is based on the theory of psychomotor communication. To register the state of the psyche, the study of motor skills is used (in particular, the motor skills of the drawing dominant right hand, fixed in the form of a graphic trace of movement, drawing) According to I. M. Sechenov, any idea that occurs in the psyche, any tendency associated with this idea, ends with a movement (literally, “Every thought ends in movement”).

If the real movement, intention for some reason is not carried out, then in the corresponding muscle groups a certain tension of energy is summed up, which is necessary for the implementation of the response movement (for the idea - a thought). So, for example, images and thoughts-representations that cause fear stimulate tension in the leg muscles and in the muscles of the arms, which would be necessary in the event of a response to fear by flight or protection with the help of hands - to hit, shield. The trend of movement has a direction in space: moving away, approaching, tilting, straightening, rising, falling. When drawing a drawing, a sheet of paper (or the canvas of a picture) is a model of space and, in addition to the state of the muscles, fixes the relationship to space, i.e. emerging trend. Space, in turn, is associated with emotional coloring experience and time period: present, past, future. It is also connected with the effectiveness or the ideal mental plan of the work of the psyche. The space located behind and to the left of the subject is associated with the past period and inactivity (lack of active connection between thought-imagination, planning and its implementation). The right side, the space in front and above are associated with the future period and effectiveness. On the sheet (space model), the left side and bottom are associated with negatively colored and depressive emotions, with uncertainty and passivity. Right side (corresponding to the dominant right hand) - with positively colored emotions, energy, activity, concreteness of action.

In addition to the general patterns of psychomotor communication and attitude to space, the theoretical norms of operating with symbols and symbolic geometric elements and figures are used in interpreting the test material.

By its nature, the “Non-existent animal” test is one of the projective ones. For statistical verification or standardization, the analysis result can be presented in descriptive forms. In terms of composition, this test is indicative and, as the only research method, is usually not used and requires combination with other methods as a battery research tool.

Interpretation

The position of the drawing on the sheet. Normally, the drawing is located along the midline of a vertically set sheet. It is best to take a sheet of paper white or slightly creamy, non-glossy. Use a pencil of medium softness; You can't draw with a pen or marker.

The position of the picture closer to the top edge of the sheet (the closer, the more pronounced) is interpreted as a high self-evaluation, as dissatisfaction with one's position in society, lack of recognition from others, as a claim for promotion and recognition, a tendency to self-affirmation.

The position of the picture in the lower part is the reverse trend: self-doubt, low self-esteem, depression, indecision, disinterest in one's position in society, in recognition, lack of a tendency to self-affirmation.

The central semantic part of the figure (the head or its replacement part). The head is turned to the right - a steady tendency towards activity, efficiency: almost everything that is thought about, planned, carried out, or at least begins to be carried out (if not even brought to an end). The subject actively proceeds to the implementation of his plans, inclinations.

The head is turned to the left - a tendency to reflection, to reflection. This is not a man of action: only an insignificant part of the plans is realized or at least begins to be realized. Often also fear of active action and indecision (option: lack of a tendency to action or fear of activity - should be decided additionally).

Full face position, i.e. the head is directed at the drawing (at oneself), is interpreted as egocentrism. On the head are details corresponding to the sense organs - ears, mouth, eyes. The meaning of the detail "ears" is direct: interest in information, the significance of the opinions of others about oneself.

Additionally, according to other indicators and their combination, it is determined whether the subject is doing something to win a positive assessment or only produces appropriate emotional reactions (joy, pride, resentment, chagrin) to the assessments of others without changing his behavior. A slightly open mouth in combination with the tongue in the absence of lips is interpreted as a great speech activity (talkiness), in combination with lips drawing - as sensuality; sometimes both together. An open mouth without a drawing of the tongue and lips, especially a drawn one, is interpreted as the ease of fears and fears, mistrust. Mouth with teeth - verbal aggression, in most cases - protective (snarls, bullies, is rude in response to a negative appeal to him, condemnation, censure). For children and adolescents, a pattern of a drawn round mouth is characteristic (fearfulness, anxiety).

The eyes are of particular importance. This is a symbol of the experience of fear inherent in a person: it is emphasized by the sharp drawing of the iris. Pay attention to the presence or absence of eyelashes. Eyelashes - hysteroid-demonstrative behavior; for men: feminine character traits rarely coincide with the drawing of the pupil and iris. Eyelashes - also an interest in the admiration of others by the external beauty and manner of dressing, attaching great importance to this.

An enlarged (relative to the figure as a whole) size of the head indicates that the subject appreciates the rational principle (perhaps erudition) in himself and those around him.

Additional details are also sometimes located on the head: horns - protection, aggression. Determine by combination with other signs - claws, bristles, needles - the nature of this aggression: spontaneous or defensive-response. Feathers - a tendency to self-decoration and self-justification, to demonstrativeness. A mane of wool, a semblance of a hairstyle - sensuality, emphasizing one's gender and sometimes orientation to one's intergender role.

The bearing, supporting part of the figure (legs, paws, sometimes - a pedestal). The solidity of this part is considered in relation to the size of the whole figure and in shape:

a) thoroughness, deliberation, rationality of decision-making, ways to conclusions, formation of judgment, reliance on significant provisions and significant information;

b) superficiality of judgments, frivolity in conclusions and unfounded judgments, sometimes impulsive decision-making (especially in the absence or almost absence of legs).

Pay attention to the nature of the connection of the legs with the body: accurately, carefully or carelessly, weakly connected or not connected at all - this is the nature of control over reasoning, conclusions, decisions. Uniformity and unidirectionality of the shape of the paws, any elements of the supporting part - the conformity of judgments and attitudes in decision-making, their standardity, banality. Variety in the form and position of these details - the originality of attitudes and judgments, independence and non-banality; sometimes even creativity (according to the unusual form) or dissent (closer to pathology).

Parts that rise above the level of the figure can be functional or decorative: wings, extra legs, tentacles, carapace details, feathers, bows like curls, flower-functional details - the energy of embracing different areas of human activity, self-confidence, "self-propagation" with indelicate and indiscriminate oppression of others, or curiosity, a desire to participate as much as possible in more the affairs of others, winning a place under the sun, dedication to one's activities, courage of enterprises (according to the meaning of the Detail-symbol - wings or tentacles, etc.). Decorating details - demonstrativeness, a tendency to attract the attention of others, mannerisms (for example, a horse or its non-existent likeness in a peacock feather sultan).

Tails. They express their attitude to their own actions, decisions, conclusions, to their verbal products - judging by whether these tails are turned to the right (on the sheet) or to the left. Tails turned to the right - attitude towards their actions and behavior. To the left - attitude to one's thoughts, decisions; to missed opportunities, to their own indecision. The positive or negative coloring of this attitude is expressed by the direction of the tails upwards (confidently, positively, cheerfully) or a falling downward movement (dissatisfaction with oneself, doubts about one's own rightness, regret about what has been done, said, remorse, etc.). Pay attention to the tails, consisting of several, sometimes repeating, links, to especially magnificent tails, especially long and sometimes branched.

The contours of the figure. They are analyzed by the presence or absence of protrusions (such as shields, shells, needles), drawing and darkening of the contour line. This is protection from others, aggressive - if it is made in sharp corners; with fear and anxiety - if there is a blackout, "staining" contour line; with apprehension, suspicion - if shields, "barriers" are set up, the line is doubled. The direction of such protection is in accordance with the spatial arrangement: the upper contour of the figure is against the superiors, against persons who have the opportunity to impose a ban, restriction, to exercise coercion, i.e. against elders, parents, teachers, bosses, leaders; lower contour - protection against ridicule, non-recognition, lack of authority among subordinate subordinates, juniors, fear of condemnation; lateral contours - undifferentiated apprehension and readiness for self-defense of any order and in different situations; the same - elements of "protection" located not along the contour, but inside the contour, on the body of the animal itself. On the right - more in the process of activity (real), on the left - more protection of one's opinions, beliefs, tastes.

General energy. The number of details depicted is estimated - is it only the necessary amount to give an idea of ​​a fictional non-existent animal (body, head, limbs or body, tail, wings, etc.): with a filled outline, without shading and additional lines and parts, just primitive contour, - or there is a generous image of not only necessary, but additional details that complicate the design. Accordingly, the more components and elements (in addition to the most necessary), the higher the energy. In the opposite case, energy saving, asthenia of the body, chronic somatic disease (the same is confirmed by the nature of the line - a weak cobweb-like line, "carries a pencil on paper" without pressing it). The reverse character of the lines - bold with pressure - is not polar: this is not energy, but anxiety. Attention should be paid to sharply pressed lines, visible even on reverse side sheet (convulsive, high muscle tone of the drawing hand) - sharp anxiety. Pay attention also to what detail, what symbol is made in this way (that is, what the alarm is attached to).

Evaluation of the character of the line (duplication of the line, negligence, inaccurate connections, "islands" of overlapping lines, blackening of parts of the picture, "smearing", deviation from the vertical axis, line stereotypes, etc.). The evaluation is carried out in the same way as in the analysis of the pictogram. The same - fragmentation of lines and forms, incompleteness, raggedness of the picture.

Thematically, animals are divided into threatened, threatening and neutral (like a lion, a hippopotamus, a wolf or a bird, a snail, an ant, or squirrels, dogs, cats). This is an attitude to one's own person and to one's "I", an idea of ​​one's own position in the world, as if identifying oneself by significance (with a hare, an insect, an elephant, a dog, etc.). In this case, the drawn animal is a representative of the drawing person himself.

Assimilation of the drawn animal to a human, starting with placing the animal in the position of upright walking on two legs, instead of four or more, and ending with dressing the animal in human clothes (pants, skirts, bows, belts, dresses), including the similarity of the muzzle to the face, legs and paws to hands, testifies to infantilism, emotional immaturity, according to the degree of severity of the "humanization" of the animal. The mechanism is similar to the allegorical meaning of animals and their characters in fairy tales, parables, etc. The degree of aggressiveness is expressed by the number, location and nature of the angles in the drawing, regardless of their connection with one or another detail of the image. Especially weighty in this regard are direct symbols of aggression - claws, teeth, beaks. Attention should also be paid to the emphasis on libido-signs - the udder, nipples, breasts with a humanoid figure, etc. This is an attitude to sex, up to fixation on the problem of libido.

The figure of a circle (especially - not filled with anything) symbolizes and expresses a tendency to secrecy, isolation, closeness of one's inner world, unwillingness to give information about oneself to others, and finally, unwillingness to be tested. Such figures usually provide a very limited amount of data for analysis.

Pay attention to the cases of mounting mechanical parts in the body of the "animal" - placing the animal on a pedestal, tractor or tank caterpillars, a tripod; attachment to the head of the propeller, screw; mounting in the eye of an electric lamp, in the body and limbs of the animal - handles, keys and antennas. This is observed more often in patients with schizophrenia and deep schizoids.

Creative possibilities are usually expressed by the number of elements combined in the figure: banality, lack of creativity take the form of a “ready”, existing animal (people, horses, dogs, pigs, fish), to which “ready” is only attached existing part to make the drawn animal non-existent - a cat with wings, a fish with feathers, a dog with flippers, etc. Originality is expressed in the form of constructing a figure from elements, and not whole blanks.

The name can express a rational connection of semantic parts (flying hare, "begekot", "flycat", etc.). Another option is word formation with a book-scientific, sometimes Latin suffix or ending ("ratoletius", etc.). The first is rationality, a specific setting for orientation and adaptation; the second is demonstrativeness, aimed mainly at demonstrating one's own mind, erudition, and knowledge. There are superficial-sound names without any comprehension ("lyalie", "lioshana", "grateker", etc.), signifying a frivolous attitude towards others, the inability to take into account the danger signal, the presence of affective criteria at the basis of thinking, the predominance of aesthetic elements in judgments over rational ones.

There are ironic-humorous names ("rhinochurka", "bubble", etc.) - with a correspondingly ironically condescending attitude towards others. Infantile names usually have repeating elements ("tru-tru", lu-lu", "cous-cous", etc.) The tendency to fantasize (more often in a defensive order) is usually expressed by elongated names ("aberosynothikliron", "gulobarniclet- myeshiniya", etc.).

Test non-existent animal. Projective technique Draw an animal.

In order to explore the personality of a child (rarely an adult), to identify existing problems and difficulties, psychologists often use the "Non-existent animal" test.

The instruction is simple - on sheet A4 it is proposed to draw an animal that does not exist in nature and give it a name. Drawing can be done with simple or colored pencils. It is not advisable to use a pen or felt-tip pens, as they do not make it possible to accurately assess the drawing.

The interpretation of the drawing is quite complex and ambiguous, so it should be done in a dialogue with the "artist", his explanations and clarifications.

1. Position of the drawing Normally, the drawing should be located in the middle of the sheet. He gravitates towards the upper edge, this may indicate an overestimated self-esteem of the subject and dissatisfaction with his place in society. If the drawing is located at the bottom of the sheet, then this indicates self-doubt, indecision.

Shift to the right side - extraversion, rebelliousness, leadership, activity. On the left side - introversion, shyness, inactivity, passivity.

2. Parts of the body a. The head is one of the central figures. Larger than all other parts of the body - the desire for intellectual development. Turning the head to the right side is a high purposefulness, partly stubbornness.

Turn to the left side - a tendency to reflection, fantasies, imagination is well developed. Full face - the focus of the subject on himself, egocentrism.

B. Eyes Large, well-drawn and wide-open eyes - fear. Eyelashes - the desire to be the center of attention, the need for attention, approval.

V.Rot Teeth - verbal defense, aggression. Language is the need for communication. Open mouth without teeth and tongue, shaded - incredulity, apprehension. Well-drawn lips - romance, emotionality.

D. Ears Symbolize the child's need for information. The more ears, the more important for the subject what others say and think about him. e. Paws of an animal (support) If the paws are solid, strong, of the same size, then this is interpreted as the tendency of the "artist" to rationality, deliberateness of actions, and the ability to make decisions. If the paws are small, then this indicates a certain frivolity, the absence of personal judgments or their surface. Attaching paws to the body also has its own interpretation and speaks of the ability of the subjects to control their judgments and statements.

E. Tail. It is also very important for interpretation. Raised up - cheerfulness, lowered down - dissatisfaction with oneself. Branching or the presence of several tails in the figure - self-esteem inconsistency or dependence.

E. Additionally, elements such as horns (protection from aggression), feathers (desire to assert themselves, demonstrativeness), mane, hairstyle, wool (sensuality) may appear in the drawing. Protrusions along the edges - the expectation of danger. Shell - closeness from others, psychological protection (especially if the shell is equipped with spikes, scales and other elements). Decorative parts (decorations) are drawn by subjects who want to draw attention to themselves.

3. Lines Bold with pressure, shading - children prone to increased anxiety. Weak, cobweb-like lines are extremely sensitive, vulnerable, quickly tired children. Solid and neat lines - self-confidence and strength, fortitude.

4. Name. It also carries information about the character of the child. Repetitive elements - infantilism, immaturity. Long names - a penchant for fantasizing, creative natures Names without any meaning - lightness of character, frivolous attitude to the environment. Humorous names - a simple and open attitude to what surrounds. The functional name is rationality. What I have just talked about in my article is only a small part of the interpretation of the drawing, but this is enough to understand and evaluate the existing problems. And of course, you should not be scared if you saw huge fangs, horns and wide-open eyes in your baby's drawing. Try to find out why he drew it, what worries him. Indeed, very often the solution to the problem lies on the surface and it is worth making quite a bit of effort to deal with it.

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TEST "NON-EXISTENT ANIMAL"

From the experience of a practical psychologist

Igor ZHUKOVSKY,
psychologist of the institution of justice,
Kaluga

These practical recommendations for a psychologist are based on a comparison of data obtained from examination of representative groups using a set of psychodiagnostic techniques, including the method of objective observation. The test "Non-existent animal" was not the basis of diagnosis - the study was carried out using the test of M. Luscher, the test of Szondi's eight drives and its modification, and other tests.
AT experimental group included students of a vocational school, military conscripts, clients of private psychological practice.
The examination was mainly carried out in the daytime, in the afternoon, under normal lighting.
Each subject was individually tested and monitored.
The test results are confirmed by the behavior of the client in society.
Material for testing: sheet of A4 paper (you can use a notebook double sheet, close in size to A4 paper); a simple pencil (colored pencils) or a ballpoint (capillary) pen.

You can offer the subject to arrange a sheet of paper as he likes - vertically or horizontally. It is best not to mention it at all, but to purposefully observe the test execution.

It must be remembered that this test is more effective to use individually.

Instruction

You are invited to come up with and draw a non-existent animal, that is, one that has never existed and does not exist anywhere before (you can’t use characters from fairy tales and cartoons). And also call it a non-existent name.

You can offer to determine the sex of the animal at the end of testing: "Write what gender your animal is - male, female or middle?"

Stages of interpretation

General impression.

semantic interpretation.

Graphological features.

OVERALL IMPRESSION

Depicting a non-existent animal, the subject expresses himself, his image. Accordingly, a characterization of a person is given. Usually the drawing leaves one of three impressions: either the person is the aggressor, or he is offended and threatened, or he is neutral. This is the first impression. Its results are used in the initial introductory survey.

The ratio of the area occupied by the drawing to the total area of ​​the sheet reflects the degree of self-distribution of the individual in society from the point of view of the subject.

The figure of a circle or an animal, consisting of circles filled with almost nothing, symbolizes the tendency to hide, the isolation of the inner world, the unwillingness to give information about oneself to others, and finally, the unwillingness to be tested.

The latter may have several reasons. First, the unwillingness of the subject to communicate with you: he sees you as a representative of the administration. The way out of the situation is very simple - to explain who psychologists are and what they do. Secondly, in many cases this may be due to some stereotypes (associations with a teacher, etc.). If this is so, then you should think about who made the subject think so. Thirdly, some serious problems of the client, up to the presence of mental abnormalities. Then a consultation with a psychiatrist or a second examination using a different, non-verbal technique (for example, the Szondi eight drive test) is necessary.

In the case when the client wants to avoid the examination, but after a little clarification, he still performs the test, the result is not very convincing. Figures 1A and 1B are examples of such a case.

In Figure 1A, the client was given a specific characteristic. It was confirmed during further examination.
A brief description of the client is as follows. He fears that he may be prevented from achieving his goals. These fears lead him to a fussy, illusory and meaningless activity. Had three major misconduct at school. It is assumed that he is prone to the use of narcotic substances. Sources of stress: psychological trauma resulting from the divorce of parents.
Figure 1B is also an example of a client leaving the survey. The initial psychological characteristic was confirmed. Has several violations, requires constant monitoring, prone to inappropriate behavior.
Representatives of this type (especially men) are often well versed in politics, they know and can talk about the shortcomings and merits of any political system known to them. They remember how orders have changed throughout their lives, they can imagine how they will change in the future. The subject is no less confident in his ability to make a career than in the ability to make inferences, because a career is nothing more than a change in one's position in the hierarchy, which is so clear to him. Impeccable consistency, clear logic lead to methodicalness, perseverance in achieving goals, firmness and the ability to manage the situation.

SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION

It analyzes the position of the drawing on the sheet, its orientation, and general dynamics.
Normally, the drawing is located in the center of the sheet or slightly to the left and above. However, it must be remembered that the norm is a relative concept.
If the drawing is located at the top of the sheet, then the person is characterized by high self-esteem, dissatisfaction with his position in society, considers himself unrecognized by others, tends to self-affirmation, claims for recognition, promotion, is prone to conflict behavior, aggression (violence, hooliganism, harassment, etc.). .P.).
If the drawing is located at the bottom of the sheet, then the characteristic has the opposite indicators: dissatisfaction with oneself, low self-esteem, depression, indecision, disinterest in one's social status, recognition, lack of a tendency to self-affirmation, a tendency to fixate on problems; often these are “outcasts”, “outcasts”.
On right- extroversion, focus on the future, emphasizing masculine character traits, striving for control over the situation, orientation towards others, aggressive sexuality.
far right- a tendency to disobedience, unpredictability, excessive conflict, in extreme situations - self-aggressiveness.
As a result of the survey, it was revealed that people in whom such signs predominate are prone to leadership of a negative nature, as well as conflict in society (see Fig. 2).

If the drawing is located on the left side of the sheet, then the subject is characterized by introversion, emphasis on the past, a pronounced sense of guilt, and shyness.
Subjects who showed this characteristic almost always avoided conflict situations.
Small drawing in the upper left corner - high anxiety; often found in individuals prone to suicide (Fig. 3).

The client is a highly alcoholic person. During the initial examination, a psychological diagnosis of suicidal tendencies was made. Upon further examination, the fact of committing a suicidal act in a family setting was confirmed. Preventive and corrective work has been carried out. The main reason for suicidal behavior is the subconscious fixation of the stereotype about the aggressiveness of the father towards the mother and both parents towards him.

GRAPHOLOGICAL SIGNS

Ideomotor aspect

The discontinuity of the lines and the degree of pressure are interpreted. Weak pressure (spider lines) - asthenia. Strong (bold lines) - anxiety, impulsiveness.
It is also necessary to pay attention to which detail, which symbol is more drawn, to which anxiety is attached.
The presence of shading is a sign of anxiety (Fig. 4)

.

Client: age 18. Came in with increased anxiety. During the reception, it turned out that anxiety is situational in nature. The cause of situational anxiety is an aggressive situation in the family. After carrying out psychological corrective measures, situational anxiety ceased to bother the girl.
This characteristic can only be used in psychological work.

Spatial-symbolic aspect

The contour of the figure is interpreted as the boundaries of the "I"-image in relation to the general space of the sheet. The direction of the lines is considered. From top to bottom - weak energy, depression, asthenization.
When carrying out educational work, the nature of depressive behavior and its causes are clarified. If there are no subjective reasons, then transfer to another society is recommended. You can work to change the living conditions of the subject (Fig. 5).

It is also necessary to evaluate the amount of detail depicted: is it depicted only what is necessary to give an idea of ​​​​the animal (body, head, limbs, etc.), with contours filled without hatching and additional lines, or is there a generous depiction of not only necessary, but also complicating the design of additional parts. Accordingly, the higher the energy of the subject, the more details, and, conversely, the absence of those - energy savings, asthenia, organic matter: a chronic somatic disease (Fig. 6).

The head (or parts that replace it) is the central semantic part of the figure. The head size, increased in relation to the figure as a whole, indicates that the client appreciates a rational beginning, and possibly erudition in himself and those around him.
In practice, there are often drawings depicting only one head or, more precisely, a skull with an illustration of the attributes of a musical subculture.
Pay attention to the image in Fig. 7.

Characteristics of the client: has been registered in the children's room since 1995 (he was born in 1981), has criminal experience. Aggressive, engaged in homosexual relationships, had a head injury in 1989 (falling from a height of three meters on bricks). Psychological diagnosis: is in a state of post-traumatic stress due to a physical head injury against the background of conflicts in the family.

Head direction interpretation

Right: a steady tendency to activity - almost everything that is conceived or planned is carried out or at least begins to be carried out, if not even brought to an end (a person actively implements his plans).
Left: tendency to reflection, reflection. The subject is "not a man of action". Only a small part of the plans is being implemented or is beginning to be implemented. Indecision, fear, fear of active action are frequent. There are no dominant character traits. Additional information is provided by a conversation with the client after the test, in which you can find out the motives of behavior, as well as phobic manifestations (Fig. 8).

The client is a girl, born in 1983, weak-willed, indecisive, afraid of everything new and unusual; the result is a low degree of adaptability. Psychological diagnosis: stress caused by psychological trauma resulting from fixation on the death of her parents, which occurred when the girl was still a small child (Fig. 9).

The position of the face (the head is directed at the drawing) is egocentrism. Directness, uncompromisingness is possible as a reaction to the internal insecurity of the individual, resentment, a tendency to violate the rules (predisposition to criminal behavior).
As a rule, such subjects are prone to aggressive behavior, to leadership in a negative direction (Fig. 10).
Figure 10 has all of the features listed above. The client belongs to a group of so-called outcasts, outcasts.

Interpretation of details

Eyes- a symbol of human fear. Its presence is especially emphasized by the sharp painting of the iris. Eyelashes - an indicator of hysteroid-demonstrative manners; interest in the admiration of others by external beauty and manner of dressing, attaching great importance to this. The drawing of eyelashes in male subjects indicates the presence of female features in them (Fig. 11).

Most of the subjects who show these signs have such a characteristic feature - excessive talkativeness. Sociability and a high level of intelligence create many difficulties for the client in adapting to society. Often this group of clients has game form behavior (clown, playful).

Ears- interest in information, the importance of the opinions of others about themselves. Additionally, according to other indicators, according to their combination, it is determined whether the subject is doing anything to positively assess himself by others (Fig. 12).

Clients with this characteristic tend to be a positive influence on the group. They reasonably evaluate the information they receive and easily gain confidence in the interlocutor.

Mouth- parted mouth in combination with the tongue (without teeth) - talkativeness; in combination with lip painting - sensuality, possibly the presence of sexual problems. An open mouth without painting lips and tongue, especially blackened (shaded) - the ease of fear and apprehension, mistrust. Mouth with teeth - verbal aggression, in most cases defensive: snaps, defends, is rude in response to condemnation or censure (Fig. 13).

Brief psychological characteristics of the client of this group. Wants to make a good impression. He wants to be seen as an extraordinary person, so he is always on the alert, he needs to see how he succeeds in this and how others react to him. This gives him a sense of self-control. To achieve influence and recognition, resorts to various techniques. Receptive to the aesthetic or original. Sensitive and responsive, but there is some tension in it. Needs peace, which can only be found in the company of a loved one. Able to get satisfaction from sexual activity. Alert, very emotional. Tears appear easily, which indicates neuropsychic instability. Prone to conflict behavior, aggressive.
Additional details are often located on the head: horns - protection, aggression (determined in combination with other signs of aggression - claws, bristles, needles). The nature of this aggression is spontaneous or defensive-response (Fig. 14).

Feathers- a tendency to self-decoration, self-justification and demonstrativeness, the predominance of female traits, a tendency to homosexual behavior.

This client (Fig. 15) had a traumatic brain injury at the age of ten. During the preventive work, it turned out that he had a seriously impaired sexual orientation. Shows leadership qualities among peers. He is acutely receptive, needs an aesthetic environment and an understanding partner with whom he could have intimate relationships.

mane, wool, similarity of hairstyle - sensuality, emphasizing one's gender, sometimes orientation to one's sexual role (Fig. 16).

Various kinds of accessories (bows, jewelry, bells) speak of demonstrativeness, femininity, the desire to please, mannerisms.
When interpreting the test results, you need to pay attention to the presence or absence of protrusions (such as spikes, shells, needles), drawing or darkening of the contour lines. This is protection from others:

a) sharp spikes (corners, needles) - aggressive defense;
b) shields, double lines - suspicion, incredulity;
c) darkening of the contour line, protrusions - fear, anxiety.

Direction of protection:

a) up - against people who really have the opportunity to impose a ban, that is, against older people, parents, bosses, managers, leaders;
b) down - against ridicule, non-recognition, lack of authority among subordinates, fear of discussion;
c) to the side - undifferentiated apprehension, readiness for defense and self-defense of any order in different situations. The same - protection elements located not along the contour, but inside the contour, on the body of the animal itself;
d) to the right - protection in the process of real activity;
e) to the left - protection of one's opinions, beliefs, tastes.

Aggressiveness is also indicated by the presence of instruments of aggression (weapons, horns, spikes, fangs, claws).
The client (born in 1981) has criminal experience, there is stress caused by improper upbringing on the part of his stepfather, as well as a somatic disease. The family is financially secure, the intellectual level of the client is high (Fig. 17).

On fig. 18B shows an animal with two heads. In the process of working with the subjects, clients were identified who portrayed an animal with such a sign.
This may mean that people of this type are at a crossroads between two problems that they cannot solve on their own.
On fig. 18A This situation is exacerbated by the client's self-centeredness and the fact that he does not recognize the existence of a problem at all.

General characteristics of this type. Insists that his hopes and plans are real, but needs encouragement and encouragement, self-centered and therefore touchy. He believes that in any situation you need to cooperate with others. But the lack of understanding and recognition makes the subject think that no real union with other people is possible. Dissatisfaction makes him hypersensitive. He wants to feel free and confident. He wants to free himself from what now seems to be a burden to him, and restore his individuality anew.
He believes that he can assert himself as a person only through constant self-control, that only this will allow him, despite real difficulties, to maintain his position.
The reason for this psychological state may be bad family relationships, namely the relationship with his father and half-brother. Afraid of active actions, there is a distinct feeling of fear, there is a tendency to self-decoration. The decisions made are thoughtful. There are creative abilities, a high level of anxiety, rationality. Prone to auto-aggressive behavior in cases of improper educational influence. Easily inspired, easily influenced by other people.
The supporting part (legs, paws, pedestals) - a sense of stability or instability. The solidity of this part of the figure in relation to the size of the whole figure and to the shape is considered.
A solid support is thoroughness, satisfaction with the situation, thoughtfulness of decisions and the rationality of their adoption, reliance on significant and significant information.
Otherwise - superficiality of judgments, frivolity of conclusions, dissatisfaction with the situation. In the absence or almost absence of legs - sometimes impulsive decision-making.
Uniformity, one-pointedness, repetition of legs ("centipede") - conformity of judgments and attitudes, standardity and banality in decision-making.
Various forms and positions of the legs - the originality of attitudes and judgments, independence, non-conformity, creativity is normal or dissent (closer to pathology).
Pay attention to the nature of the connection of the legs under the body: connected exactly, carefully or carelessly, weakly, or not connected at all. This is the nature of control over one's reasoning, conclusions, decisions.
Clients who create such drawings (Fig. 19) usually have somatic diseases (head injuries, mental retardation, etc.).
Figure 19 belongs to a boy whose father is raising him alone, his mother does not live with them. Such children are prone to inappropriate behavior, have mental disabilities, can become the object of violence, are easily suggestible and can be influenced by other people.

Arms- communicative sphere of personality. If they are drawn, the person is characterized as an extrovert. If the hands are not drawn, then there are problems in the field of communication. Arms can be replaced by wings.

Wings- self-proliferation of a person with possible infringement of the interests of other people. High energy potential, interest in various areas of human activity, self-confidence, curiosity, "participation" in as many events as possible, winning a "place in the sun", dedication to one's activities, courage of events.
The client (Fig. 20) is deprived of contacts with peers, lacks initiative, and is alone. He likes monotonous work that requires accuracy and thoroughness.

tentacles can have a functional meaning of the symbol of legs and arms (it turns out in a conversation), then an appropriate interpretation is given.

Tail- expresses the client's attitude to actions, deeds, decisions, verbal products (that is, to internal and external forms of activity). If the tail is directed to the right, this is an attitude towards external manifestations (actions, deeds); to the left - to internal (thoughts, decisions). If the tail is pointing up, the ratio is positive; down is negative.
Particular attention should be paid to the tails, consisting of several, sometimes repeating links, especially the lush, long, branched ones (Fig. 21).

Subjects of this type are characterized by activity, endurance, the ability to inspire confidence, sociability, resourcefulness in non-standard and stressful situations, readiness to take responsibility. Often explode with anger, their aggressiveness is directed outward, at surrounding people or things; their protest is always effective (they act, they don't speak). Escape from home, illegal behavior in a group, alcoholism - all this the subject does in a company where he prefers to be a leader.
If the subject draws an animal, likening it to a person (putting the animal in a upright position, presenting it in human clothes, similarity of the muzzle to the face, legs and paws to the hands), then this indicates his infantilism, emotional immaturity (Fig. 22).

General characteristics of this type of subjects: in case of failures, they blame everyone, but not themselves; willingly promise, but never keep their word. Their protest is unconscious, they just do like everyone else (meaning members of the company). They know how not to overwork and get strong and vivid impressions from life every day. Trustworthy, committed to society.
Mounting mechanical parts in living tissue (placing an animal on a pedestal, tractor or tank caterpillars, a tripod, a screw attached to the head, electric lamps mounted in the eyes, handles, keys, antennas in the body and limbs) is observed in schizoid individuals (Fig. 23).

In this case, the psychologist's actions consist in an expert assessment of the state (in school conditions). The rest of the activities are carried out by a psychiatrist.
Usually depicted a non-existent animal of the same sex as the subject. At least that's what it means. If this is not the case, the client may have problems in the sexual sphere. To clarify the sex of an animal, you can ask how this animal reproduces or where its genitals are located. The drawing of the reproductive organs (genital organs, udder, nipples, breasts) indicates sexual problems (Fig. 24).

During the training, the client repeatedly violated discipline, but these violations cannot be considered as a manifestation of his desires, since all violations occurred under the pressure of other students. He is listed as suicidal. During a detailed examination, it was found that the client is predisposed to auto-aggression. Frequent mood swings, disruption of the logical course of mental processes, excessive gaiety.

INTERPRETATION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE PICTURED

Pets. The choice of pets for self-representation indicates a tendency to "tame" one's life energy.
Dog- tendency to dependency, submission. Often identified on a worldly level with loyalty and service.
Cat- the need for tactile contact, self-isolation, preference for non-verbal interaction over verbal.
Birds in cages and fish in aquariums(or animals similar to them) - a tendency to suppress the signals of one's body, self-suppression, the desire to subjugate one's life manifestations to oneself, self-admiration is often present.
Cow and other useful animals that serve as a source of food - identifying oneself with the "breadwinner" or "nurse", the desire to give more than receive, leaving others in the role of debtors (often unconsciously).
Beast of burden- negative attitude towards the character ("everyone rides me"). A tendency to blame others, masking an inability to take responsibility for one's life, allowing others to decide for themselves, and then making claims. With a positive attitude towards the character - the perception of one's life and bodily manifestations as a source of energy and strength.
Wild animals. Their images may be chosen for various reasons.
Choosing a conformal image, for example, a dove - a "symbol of peace", the subject wants to express that he is a very kind person. It can be assumed that this indicates his refusal to study problems related to his own life manifestations.
Choice of despised, underground and nocturnal animals(mice, rats, worms, spiders, etc.) - the idea of ​​life manifestations as the focus of everything negative and denied in oneself.
dangerous animals(scorpions, wolves, etc.) symbolize a threat to human life, the perception of their life manifestations as unpredictable, threatening. Tendency to self-suppression.
Animals symbolizing strength, power and special abilities(elephants, lions, eagles, etc.), - the perception of one's life manifestations as a source of positive energy, special resources and strength.
Animals - fairy-tale heroes (clients sometimes ignore the instructions) are interpreted in accordance with the role of a particular character.
Stylized and fantastic animals - book and cartoon characters(Winnie the Pooh, Cheburashka, Mickey Mouse, etc.) - refusal to analyze their problems.
Images of specific animals belonging to man. They are interpreted in accordance with the needs of a person that he satisfies in contact with this animal. It should be remembered that a person who gets a pet satisfies in communication with him those needs that he cannot, from his point of view, satisfy in contact with people around him.

INTERPRETATION OF THE NAME OF THE ANIMAL

Cheburashka - real - concreteness of thinking, orientation to real problems.
Flying cat - functional - pragmatism, realism.
Homo sapienslon - Latin (book-scientific) elements - demonstrativeness (of reason, erudition), emphasis on details.
Little devil - ironic-joking, diminutive - caressing - the corresponding attitude to the environment.
Potato - banally repetitive - infantilism.
Bulky spider - long - abstract thinking, a tendency to fantasize.
Bozol - superficial sound - frivolity.

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CONCLUSION

A careful study of the Non-Existent Animal test convinces us that it is easy to master, that its interpretation is original and not replete with psychoanalytic concepts. However, this test reveals the personality problems of a teenager.

The study touches upon the deepest problems of the personality, which are not amenable to conscious control. Some interpretations may hurt the client's ego. Therefore, the psychologist should conduct a post-test conversation in such a way as not to harm the subject, not to cause a negative reaction in him.

The use of this test in combination with other psychodiagnostic methods in the context of the information available about the subject and in his specific situation provides additional opportunities for revealing the unique human individuality.