Methods of teaching reading by syllables. Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching preschoolers to read in a playful way is a fascinating and unusual option for conducting classes. Children in entertaining lessons do not just memorize letters and put them into syllables. They are completely immersed in the process, trying to complete as many interesting tasks as possible, acquiring the skill of reading without pressure from their parents and teacher. What reading games for older preschoolers to choose, we will tell in our article.

Age features of preschoolers

Future first graders aged 5-7 years - interesting creatures. They are curious about everything new, they absorb information well, but this period has its own characteristics. They should be taken into account before planning the load, drawing up a work plan for a reading lesson:

• Kindergarteners speak well, constantly replenish their vocabulary.
• Attention becomes arbitrary.
• Kids love to talk, to delve into the essence of the matter, the question.
• Self-esteem grows, awareness of oneself as a person.
• The game remains the main form of knowledge acquisition.

The following simple recommendations from teachers and experienced parents will help to achieve success in teaching reading:

1. Keep classes interesting but full of new information. If the child gets bored, then the attention will quickly switch to extraneous matters, conversations, objects. But this does not mean that a preschooler should only be entertained. Alternate games, serious tasks every 5-7 minutes.
2. A variety of forms of lessons will ensure high-quality assimilation of knowledge. Do not use the same games. The same type of coloring, puzzles, walkers bother the crumbs, make up a rich game library.
3. It is better to practice every day for 15 minutes than 2 times a week for an hour. Short daily lessons are more effective than a lengthy learning process from time to time. Learning to read involves regular practice.
4. Don't pressure children. Swearing, shouting, explanations on the verge of hysteria and misunderstanding of the causes of mistakes, difficulties in assimilation of information lead to rejection. The kid will hate school, books even before a thorough acquaintance with them.
5. Take breaks for gymnastics. Switching attention is necessary for resting the brain and eyes.
6. Use different forms submission of a new one. presentations, interactive games, online testers.
7. Play in the classroom not for fun, but for the sake of an accessible form of presenting information. It is necessary to approach the choice of tasks taking into account the progress of children in reading, the speed of grasping a new one, and the level of general development.

Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching a child to read at the age of 5-6, built in a playful way, has a lot of positive aspects. The effectiveness of the lessons can be explained by the age characteristics of older preschool children, an increased level of curiosity for everything new and bright.

Advantages of the method:

• The child does not get tired, does not lose interest in the process of obtaining new information.
• Each lesson can be built according to an individual plan, choosing diverse tasks from a rich file cabinet.
• The preschooler is directly involved in the creation of handouts and demonstration material for the lesson. For example, draws letters, sculpts or cuts out of paper for appliqué.
• Reading is not brought to the forefront of the main lesson plan. Letters, syllables, words are gradually learned by the child.
• The child in the game lessons develops intellectually, creatively, psychologically.
• The children's team is rallying.
• If the lesson is conducted in a group, you can focus on the competitive moment in the games. Children have a desire to keep up, read and learn better than others.

Disadvantages of the method:

• The teacher may have problems with discipline. Excited children often flirt, do not hear the instructions of the teacher, parent.
• Games, puzzles take a lot of time.
• The transition to traditional ways of presenting the information necessary for teaching reading is perceived by preschoolers with difficulty, it takes time to switch attention.

It is interesting! In America and Israel, the game moment is necessarily included in every lesson with kindergarteners and younger students. Teachers even pass a special exam for the “ability” to teach while playing.

Before starting a reading course, write rough plan work, program for 6 months or a year:

1. Start by learning and memorizing the letters. As an assistant, use the Zaitsev cube technique.
2. Automate their search, naming. Make crafts from plasticine, decorate letter symbols, select words for one sound.
3. Gradually combine sounds into syllables, invite the child to compose simple words on their own, look for them in pictures, write. Play, search for letters, associations. This helps to blend the sounds.
4. Read the words separately from each other and in small sentences. At this stage, use tasks with the search for names for pictures, solving puzzles, crossword puzzles.
5. Try reading small texts. At the initial stage, select stories in the card index to read with your mother together, with pictures instead of words. Make the task more difficult gradually. Take Zhukova's primer to help.

Important! At 5-6 years old, do not demand reading speed from your child. The main task of teaching in the preschool period is skill automation. Pace and technique will come on their own or with the help of special lessons later.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching children 6-7 years old to read. We have collected the most fascinating, those that preschoolers will definitely like. Download assignments from the site, print on your home printer and practice.

Learn letters

The task of the preschooler is to find pictures for a certain letter.

You need to select images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. At 2-3 lessons, after getting acquainted with a few letters, you can arrange competitions.

Read in first letters

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking, reading in the future. The kid needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, putting a card with a letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the letterhead. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. A preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print pictures for each pair of students, not per class. Gradually make the game harder. Give the children words of 4-5 letters.

Find a letter

The child is offered didactic cards, where the letters are mixed, printed in different fonts and formats. The task of the preschooler is to find desired sign and circle it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words for a given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for class.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in the right order, sign the picture.
Baby calls correct word, then he listens to himself and selects letters for writing in the cells.

You need to create handouts with the kids. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of clean paper, pencils. Under each syllable is hidden a “surprise”.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and reading a syllable. The game is suitable for kids from 4 years old.

Board games

It can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. Best of all, children perceive it is rpg games on the desktop field. The game is addicting, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out these walkers for class:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they do not get confused and play by the rules.

Reading together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. The text is printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost. During the game, the baby develops attention, reading skills, vocabulary.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, creative workshops increase the preschooler's interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Tasks for teaching reading have one important feature - they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, speech. Do without interesting ideas for exercises and games to teach children to read preschool age just impossible.

Find the letters and color

Choose themed coloring pages. They may have additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, decorate small images of letters, do not touch capital characters, etc.

Find the letters in the picture

Look at the picture and read

This task is suitable for children learning letters, reading syllables. Pictures with familiar objects can be shown in large numbers. Kids remember words well, use associations when reading without images.

After learning the words and their relationship with objects, invite the preschooler to read the words without pictures. Familiar syllables add up faster.

Reading in syllables

For children who have mastered the syllables well, small fairy-tale texts are suitable. They can be read together with parents or taking turns in class. After reading, be sure to ask the child what he understood, whether he can retell the text.

It is very important not to take boring, serious works for the lesson. The kid will be interested in 3-4 sentences to learn the whole story of the characters from beginning to end. In the process of reading such fairy tales, the teacher forms an interest in books among young students, a love for independent study of literature.

Video

Children like game forms of learning much more than tedious sitting in front of the alphabet and writing down the inscriptions of Russian letters in a notebook. If you want to teach your child to read quickly, get the most out of the lessons positive emotions and benefits, do not neglect this method of working at home, in additional classes in preparation for school.

Anna Rovenskaya

Teacher of Russian language and literature, employee of the Educational Center for Early Development.

A bunch of. And the choice of the optimal one will depend on many factors, in particular the age of the baby and his readiness to perceive this or that information.

All approaches to teaching reading can be divided into 4 types:

• analytical-syntactic;
• subjunctive;
• reading whole words;
• warehouse.

In modern Russian schools, the first of these methods is used. Based on the teaching methodology, the unit of reading in it is sounds, which subsequently add up to syllables.

Analytical-syntactic syllabic techniques

Analytical and syntactic methods are distinguished by a clear structuredness of speech units and a clear sequence of the order of learning:
"sound → letter → syllable → word → phrase → sentence".

Their significant difference lies in the fact that the baby is not invited to immediately learn the alphabet. First, he gets acquainted with the sounds, learns to hear them in the word, analyzes the composition of the word.

The Elkonin-Davydov system can serve as a striking example of the analytical-synthetic teaching methodology.

Developing analytic-synthetic system of Elkonin - Davydov

According to this methodology, the learning process is divided into the following stages:

1. Pre-letter or sound. Games of this period aimed at teaching the child to hear certain dominant sounds, as well as pronounce them. Examples of such games are onomatopoeia (how the train hums, how the wind blows), highlighting the main sound in poetry, finding a given sound.
2. Teaching a child to determine the sound composition of a word (what sounds the word consists of, hard and soft consonants).
3. Sound analysis of a word, when a child learns to count the number of sounds in words, to find a stressed sound.
4. Letter stage. On which the child moves on to learning the alphabet.
5. Making syllables with learned letters.
6. Reading words.

Advantages of analytic-synthetic methods:

• Parents are generally clear and familiar with this system.
• Children get a detailed understanding of phonetics.
• Grammar and spelling are easier to learn.
• Children are brought up with a special sensitivity to the sound and spelling of words, as a result of which they are spared the mistakes of first-graders (omitting letters, rearranging letters).
• Methods do not contradict the school curriculum, the child does not have to "relearn".
• Great for delayed children speech development, can be used in parallel with the work of a speech therapist.

Disadvantages of the methods:

• These methods are better suited for children of senior preschool, primary school age and are difficult to apply for early reading instruction, since they require regular classes and exercises that are little like a game.

Subjunctive techniques

The subjunctive method is offered mainly by foreign authors. It involves the study of letters as units of reading and the subsequent compilation of words from them (letter-by-letter reading). At the same time, special attention is paid to the comprehensive study of letters and their memorization. The stage of composing syllables with a "pure" subjunctive approach is omitted. An example is the system of early development proposed by Montessori.

Learning to read using the Montessori method

Learning begins with a comprehensive acquaintance with letters as an element of the language.

The process is conditionally divided into three stages:

1. Acquaintance with the letter as a symbol. The child learns to write letters with the help of special frames, paints them, studies and examines them. various options execution of letters (from fabric, paper, plastic, various textures and colors).
2. Learning sounds and matching them with familiar symbols. The child perceives sounds by ear and circles the contour of the named letter with his finger.
3. Teaching reading and writing. Children learn to build words, phrases and sentences from familiar letters and their corresponding sounds.

Advantages of the technique:

• Variety of play activities with toys, templates and aids.
• Children quickly learn to read without dividing words into syllables.
• Since the system is designed for the child's independent acquaintance with his environment, the baby quickly acquires the skill of independent reading to himself.
• The materials used in the process not only "teach" to read, but are also aimed at developing fine motor skills, logic and analytical and creative thinking.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• Huge laboriousness and high cost at home. Many elements of the development environment are required: cards, templates, toys, books, frames, etc.
• Most of the lessons of the methodology are designed for a group of children.
• At the stage of compiling whole words from the studied letters, the baby may have difficulties.

Methodology of Olga Soboleva

Of the domestic authors of such methods, Olga Soboleva can be noted. She also used a creative approach to memorizing letters and sounds using the dominant type of memory, and she proposed to divide the learning process into three streams of information (for auditory, kinesthetic and visual).

• Many activities and games are performed jointly with parents.
• The learning process is easy to organize with one child.
• There are a significant number of educational materials designed not only for learning letters, but also for reading words, a special “Primer” has been developed.

All classes take place in the form of a game, but it is expected smooth transition from game tasks to work directly with the book. Olga Soboleva considers the main goal of training to be the need to instill in the child a love for the printed word.

Both noted techniques also have age restrictions. It is advisable to use them when the baby is already ready to perceive the word not globally, as at a very early age, but will show interest in the individual components of the objects being studied. As a rule, this happens about 3-4 years.

Mixed syllabic techniques

Quite a lot of mixed methods. They do not place such an emphasis on phonetics as with the analytical-synthetic approach, while after studying the letters, the baby proceeds to reading by syllables (syllabic reading).

The difference between methods close to the subjunctive method lies in the fact that phonemes are perceived by ear and are remembered as if “by themselves”. Sound analysis is not given such close attention, but the scheme: "letter (sound) - syllable - word - phrase - sentence" remains the same.

Those who adhere to this direction recommend starting the study of letters not with their full name, but from the corresponding sound (not “be”, but “b”, not “ve”, but “v”). So the crumbs in the future will be easier to get used to composing syllables. Professor Ushakov can be called the author of the first domestic mixed method, who proposed in this way to transform the letter-subjunctive method proper, adopted even before the revolution.

Warehouse reading using Zaitsev's cubes

The methodology proposed by Zaitsev is based on warehouses. They are distinguished from the usual syllables by the fact that the warehouse always consists of one or two letters (sounds) - a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a soft or solid mark. They are easier to understand than syllables.

Therefore, you can start teaching a child earlier - at the age of about 2 years. In addition, the technique does not provide for boring classes with the alphabet or primer. Warehouses are located on educational material(cubes).

The cubes differ in size (large - hard warehouses, small - soft) and color, in addition, various fillers are often inserted inside (for voiced and deaf sounds, vowels). A special table is also used, which contains all the studied warehouses.

Advantages of the technique:

• The child easily masters the fusion of sounds.
• You can study from the age of 1. At the same time, even at an older age, it will not be too late to start classes. At the same time, the author himself notes that even in school age the technique can become a “magic wand” that allows you to catch up with your peers.
• There are no combinations of letters on the cubes that are absent in the Russian language. The kid will never write later, for example, “zhy” or “shy”.
• Cubes develop color and spatial perception, ear for music and memory, sense of rhythm, fine motor skills.
• Classes do not take much time, take place in the form of interesting games.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• A child who has learned to read Zaitsev's cubes is more difficult to give phonetics as the main element of the curriculum in the first grade. He does not understand how to divide a word into its component parts otherwise than by warehouses.
• Benefits are quite expensive and quickly deteriorate.

Warehouse method is used and less famous authors. On sale, if desired, you can find cards with warehouses, puzzles and other toys.

Early Development Techniques and Whole Word Reading

This is a relatively young approach to teaching literacy. However, it is gaining more and more adherents, primarily because it seems to many specialists the most "natural" way.

Let's make a reservation right away - this is not just a method of teaching a baby to read. This is a different approach to the entire educational process applied to the child.

The younger the child, the better his perception of images is, and the brain independently, as it develops, “builds” patterns based on the images received. This is the basis of most of the methods of early development.

The clearest example of this trend is Glen Doman's Global Reading Technique. It is based on the fact that a child from a very early age (the author himself recommends starting at 3-6 months) is taught to perceive the images of the words depicted on the cards. Thus, the study of the words themselves occurs in parallel with the memorization of their spelling.

Andrey Manichenko perfectly adapted and developed the foreign technique. Under his authorship, several books have been published on the early development of children. In addition, parents have the opportunity to purchase ready-made Doman-Manichenko cards, divided into several sets and provided with a description of specific games with them.

The advantages of this method are:

• The baby learns to read almost from birth.
• Children taught with flashcards not only begin to read sooner, but also build up a significant vocabulary faster.
• The child almost immediately begins to understand the meaning of what he read, his reading is fluent and expressive.
• During the game, the visual and auditory memory of the child is trained, which will be noticeable even at an older age.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• How older child the less applicable the technique. Many parents who have tried it have come to the conclusion that after 2 years it no longer justifies the efforts made, since it is already difficult for the child to memorize the necessary amount of information.
• Labor intensity. Parents need to prepare a huge number of cards and regularly show them to the child repeatedly.
• Difficulties with the development of the school curriculum. It is not enough to teach the baby to read “according to Doman”, later additional classes in phonetics will be required.
• Children who have learned to read fluently in whole words make mistakes more often than peers taught by other methods.
• The baby may get used to a certain font and have difficulty reading familiar words written differently.

A few words in conclusion

As you can see, there are many ways to teach a child to read. In this article, we have reviewed the most famous of them and broken them down in accordance with the proposed approach. There are no "good" or "bad" among them. And a technique that is perfect for one kid may not show the best results for another.

It is normal to adjust the educational process in accordance with the characteristics of the baby. Be prepared for the fact that you will have to abandon the chosen approach or borrow some solution from another author.

It is permissible to combine different approaches and elements of methods that are similar in content or to “borrow” one of the stages. For example, when studying letters, turn to the methodology of Olga Soboleva, based on the associative perception of children. And then, as the crumbs grow older, it will be possible to smoothly switch to the Elkonin-Davydov method.

Another thing is if the chosen approach as a whole has not justified itself. For example, the kid simply does not want to play with cubes, and each lesson turns into torture. In this case, before changing the methodology, you should take a break in classes (2-4 weeks, depending on the age of the baby) and only then offer him new games based on a different learning principle.

Teaching a child to put letters into words, and words into sentences is not an easy task. On this difficult path, parents will need patience, accuracy and consistency. Today we will answer the main questions: how to teach a child to read by syllables without the help of teachers, and what exercises for teaching reading at home are most effective.

Learning to read: is the child ready to learn to read?

According to psychologists, the best age for learning to read is from 4.5 to 6 years. In practice, a child strives to learn to read at the age of 5 years. It is worth remembering that each child is individual in his development, and if you do not fit into the generally accepted deadlines, this only means that the learning process should be postponed a little.

There are a number of factors that determine whether a child is ready for this moment master the process of reading. Here are the most important ones:

• No problems with pronunciation- the child has the correct pace and rhythm of speech, all sounds are set;
• No hearing problems- the child does not ask again many times, does not distort words that are easy to pronounce;
• Sufficient command of speech- a rich vocabulary, the ability to build phrases and express their thoughts clearly for others;
• Developed phonemic awareness- the child can freely distinguish the sounds of speech, reproduce the sounds heard, name the first / last sound in the word;
• Free orientation in space- the child clearly knows the concepts of right / left and up / down.

By carefully observing the child, you will notice the moment when he becomes interested in putting letters into words. The child will show familiar symbols on store signs to mom and dad, and one day he will try to read them in their entirety. Of course, in his first attempts, the baby will probably read the word incorrectly, but this is not scary - this indicates that his brain is ripe for learning a new skill.

Known methods of teaching children to read

Moms and dads, seeking to teach their child to read as quickly as possible, should be very delicate in their approach to this important issue. So that the child does not lose interest in reading from the first lessons, we suggest that you get acquainted with relevant tips. They will help in the learning process to instill in the child a love for the book.

Alphabet from an early age

Let a child from infancy "absorb" into himself, like a sponge, the name of the letters in a song-game form. Short memorable rhymes about letters will be deposited in the child's memory, and closer to two years the child will be able to tell them quite consciously. From time to time turn on various songs and mini-cartoons about the alphabet, especially since in such a presentation the letters are remembered effortlessly.

Unobtrusive Learning

For a preschooler, the game is the main process through which he learns the world around him, including when mastering skills. Boring classes and cramming will not bring the desired result, moreover, the child may completely stop loving reading. Present information in a warm, patient way, and the child will learn the necessary knowledge at a pace that suits him specifically.

Get busy every day

If you have begun to take the first steps in reading syllables, and they have gone to no avail, it is too early to give up. You can take a break for 1-2 days, and then try again. Did the child manage to read a couple of syllables from vowels? Great, it means that the initial reading skills have been obtained and they need to be developed. Practice regularly, and the result will not keep you waiting.

Engage in reading

Often, learning difficulties arise with those children who were practically not read in childhood, and relatives did not set their own example of reading books. It can be fixed. Stories, fairy tales, children's fiction interesting for your child. Do family tradition– reading small work before bedtime. The kid will not refuse parental attention, but interesting story pique his interest in the book.

From simple to complex

It happens that a child knows the names of letters, but does not know the sounds. A child will not be able to master reading until he learns the pronunciation of sounds well. Do this step by step:

1. study sounds;
2. move on to reading by syllables;
3. teach your child to merge syllables.

Only after passing through these three stages, you can start learning to read full words.

A detailed video with tips from the teacher - learning to read:

First Steps to Reading: Introduction to Letters

To teach a child to read, it is necessary to maintain an interest in books and letters from an early age. As a rule, at 2-3 years old, babies begin to show attention to the alphabet. It is very important for parents to provide the right developing space at this moment.

Visualization

The child will quickly remember the letters if there is a bright poster with the Russian alphabet in his field of vision. The baby points to the letter - say the corresponding sound. You may have to go back to "A" and "B" more than once and repeat them, but this is how the baby will remember them faster. For busy parents, an interactive panel with letters will be a good help - it itself sounds the letter that the child clicks on.

Touch

To memorize the letters of the alphabet, it is important for a child to use touch. To develop the abstract thinking of the baby, invite him to get acquainted with the letters molded from plasticine or cut out of cardboard. Pay attention to the similarity of objects and letters - the horizontal bar looks like a "P", and the donut is a spitting letter "O".

Tea party to the letters

The process of learning letters will be very fun and tasty if you offer your child an edible alphabet. With the help of figured pasta, you can cook Abvgdeyka soup, and for dessert, bake your own hand-made cookies - the alphabet.

Magnetic Entertainment

With the help of a magnetic alphabet, you can turn the process of learning letters into a fun and memorable game. For example, kids 1-2 years old can be lured by simply attaching a letter to the surface of the refrigerator and saying it. "Give me a letter! What do we have? It's the letter A! If the child is already 3 years old, then he will like the game of "magnetic fishing". You need all the magnetic letters in a container, and make an impromptu fishing rod from a stick and rope with a magnet. Having caught a "fish", pronounce its name, drawing an analogy with the word. "It's a fish! Look how she looks like a beetle!”

By keys

Children love to imitate the actions of adults. Let the kid press the buttons in the open text editor - he will be interested in the appearance of letters on the screen. Show how to type the simplest word "mom". You can print the first letter and give it to the child. Even if there is a completely unthinkable combination, this will be a kind of impetus for memorizing the alphabet. Also, to master the letters, you can give the child an old keyboard from the computer “to be torn to pieces”.

Mastering the principle of reading by syllables

Usually children pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - they need time to remember what the next letter is called. The task of parents is to help the baby overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels. For example, AU, IA and UA. You need to draw / pick up illustrations for these simple words - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“WA!”), And a cute donkey chewing grass (“IA!”). Ask the child not to read the inscription, but simply sing it. You can sing slowly, “pull” the syllable, but do not stop: AAAUUU, IIIAAAA, UUUAAAA.

On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Highlight the moment of exclamation with your voice, the baby must distinguish between “Ah?” and "A!"

Do not be afraid to go back to the past, continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without it there is no way at school. Let the child “pull” HHH and then add A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl a candy - HHHA (“ON!”). The kid swings on a horse - HHNO ("BUT!"). The girl took her mother's hand - MMMA ("MA!"). Please note that the child may "pull" the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush the child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he feels the principle of folding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the baby did not manage to read the word, then the parent must read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old offer to learn from syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: on the letter “N” the sounds “NA-NO-WELL-WE-NI”, on “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, on “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU -TI", etc. Of course, such tables have the right to life, but they are not at all interesting for children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”, it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! The child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month, you can teach your child to read daily.

Games that help children learn to read

Reading requires diligence and regular practice. To make learning easy, look at the pictures in the books, discuss the situations depicted in these pictures, make up stories based on them. Communicate and talk more with the child - this will help him develop thinking and coherent speech.

To discover the wonderful, interesting and vast world of books, we offer you games for learning syllables, their correct pronunciation and memorization. The exercises in these games are suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old.

Note! How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired of the learning process and does not lose interest? You need to deal with it regularly, but at the same time not for long. For the first lessons, 5-7 minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to 15-20 minutes. If you conduct classes in a playful way, it will be easy and not boring for the child to learn the skill of reading.

Exercises with words: we consolidate the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated on half the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

Forming the habit of reading books from infancy

At the beginning of this part, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the experience of mom. How to teach a child to read by syllables (video):

Personal example

"A child learns what he sees in his home." The well-known expression comes in handy for the formation of a child's concept of the importance of reading. If the baby often sees his parents and relatives with a book, then reading will become a part of life for him. Let the kid know from an early age that reading is interesting, and good book may well replace computer game or watching a cartoon.

Bright illustrations

When choosing a book to start reading, do not forget that pictures are important for children. Thanks to the expressive, bright drawings, it will be easier and more interesting for the child to follow the plot.

Regular reading

Love for books is not formed overnight. If an adult regularly reads small fairy tales aloud to a child, after a month or two the baby himself will show more interest in the works. The first words you read are often the ones on the cover of your favorite book.

Possibility of choice

The child should be interested in what you plan to read with him. Already at the age of 4, a small reader is able to determine how interested he is in this or that book. At this age, it's time for the first trip to the library - let the baby choose the book himself in accordance with his own desire.

TV viewing restriction

Reading, of course, requires certain intellectual efforts from the child. What can not be said about television - it literally takes away the opportunity to dream up, providing ready-made images. You should not completely deprive yourself of watching cartoons, but it makes sense to limit the time spent behind the screen and strictly select allowed TV programs.

In Russia, children entering school are usually between six and eight years old. The curriculum of educational institutions assumes the possibility of quickly mastering reading, writing and counting by first graders literally from scratch. But the realities of life show otherwise.

It is impossible to quickly teach a child all the basic skills. Therefore, parents should take care of their development in advance. If you do not work with your child at home before school, then an unbearable workload, poor academic performance and unflattering comparisons with classmates will surely lead him to psychological trauma.

Tip: you need to start introducing your child to letters two years before school, to learn reading - about a year.

If the baby, as prescribed by domestic legislation, goes to first grade at the full six and a half years, then it is necessary to acquire the skills of reading syllables and words from the age of five.

Skills that should be formed in a six-year-old child

The degree of readiness for reading depends on the level of intellectual development, mental and emotional maturity of the preschooler. After all, the ultimate goal of the parent is to teach the child not to thoughtlessly reproduce what is written aloud, but to understand the meaning of what is read. Therefore, before you start learning to read, it is important to make sure that:

• the baby has a sufficient vocabulary;
• his speech is correct and literate;
• the child has no obvious defects in sound reproduction.

If the vocabulary of a preschooler is small, his speech is replete with errors or defects, start reading early. It's better to work at home common development baby. Through the implementation speech therapy exercises it is important to teach him to pronounce sounds correctly.

Reading requires sustained attention. It is impossible to quickly teach to read or with a child who is constantly distracted. A fidget's concentration skills can be developed in many ways, including by composing pictures from puzzles, painting, and playing with the constructor.

It is important to teach a child to drive in a book with a finger or a pointer. If this was not enough, and the baby jumps from line to line or often loses the place where he stopped, it is worth cutting out a window in the white sheet and moving it to the desired area.

For most children, reading is hard work. It is important to take care of a positive perception of this process.

From the age of two or three, the child should be gradually accustomed to books. It is worth dwelling on specimens with bright detailed pictures that can be viewed and described verbally. At the age of six or seven, books with large print are useful for extracurricular reading.

Learning letters

There are different points of view as to whether it is right to memorize all the letters of the alphabet before starting to read. The author of the original methodology for teaching literacy N.S. Zhukova warns against such actions. The primer developed by her is built in such a way that the child learns letters gradually. As the number of familiar letters increases, syllables become more varied and complex, and then turn into words.

Parents who decide to follow one of the author's methods of teaching reading should follow the recommendations of their developers. And for those who decide to teach a child to read in the old fashioned way, there is not much choice. They have to memorize the alphabet first, and only then start reading. It is advisable to show letters to a child from the age of two or three.

Important point: consonants with a child are memorized as they are read in a word - without an overtone "e". It is correct to pronounce "r" and not "re" or "er". If this rule is not followed, the child will read the syllable "ra" as "rea" or "era".

Learning letters is facilitated by their visualization. Cubes with letters, a magnetic alphabet, an interactive poster with an alphabet - any auxiliary equipment will come in handy. To begin with, the child needs to be taught to quickly search desired letter among those offered. Later, with it, you can lay out a letter from sticks or matches, sculpt it from plasticine and, finally, write it. For those who confuse the letters, it would be correct to suggest touching their three-dimensional images with your eyes closed. Tactile sensations help memorization.

Tip: when memorizing vowels, it is important to pay the child's attention to the sound reproduction scheme. For example, "A" - the mouth is wide open, "y" - lips with a tube, "e" - the mouth is stretched to the sides.

Separate rules regarding memorization of letters

It is important to encourage the child to listen to the words and look for the right sounds in them. If the letter “o” is memorized, you can name the child the words that begin with it: cloud, deer, donkey. To check how well the lesson is learned, interspersed with words on “o”, it is correct to offer the child words that begin with other letters. In a similar way, a child can quickly be taught to find the right letter at the end and in the middle of a word.

It is important to know: it is easiest for a child to single out the initial vowel in a word (especially if it is stressed). It is relatively easy to indicate the final consonant. At the same time, it is very difficult for a baby to distinguish the initial consonant and the last vowel.

Sculpting letters helps you remember them faster

It is useful to write letters with paints, felt-tip pens with the child. It is important that in your imagination, when identifying a sound and a letter, it is not limited to a certain size or color. You can show different fonts in newspapers, on containers and packaging, on signs, etc.

Tip: a child under 6 years old should definitely not be confused by offering him to read capital letters along with printed ones.

Moreover, you should not teach a preschooler to write in cursive at home. Skills acquired at home may not match the teacher's ideas regarding slope, continuous or separate writing, connection method, and the like.

Reading syllables

It is important that in the perception of a child of 5-6 years old, it is the syllable that becomes the unit of reading, and not single letter. The letter combination should be perceived by the preschooler as a single graphic element. If you do not pay enough attention to this issue, the skill of reading syllables and words by letter can be fixed in a child for a long time. This will prevent him from reading syllables and perceiving words. A child who has mastered the wrong method of reading will still have to be retrained in the end.

It is worth trying the following method of learning to merge letters into one syllable. One letter is written at the beginning of the line, the other - at the end. A connecting arrow is drawn between them. The child is invited to slowly lead along it with his finger and all this time “pull” (pronounce) the first sound. The second sound is enough to pronounce briefly. Example: A?U is pronounced like "aaah", H?O is pronounced like "nnno".

As a result of such training, the child must independently, moving his finger along the connecting line, freely read syllables of two letters. Syllables should be offered to the child in the following order:

• consisting of vowels (ao-, ua-);
• open, consisting of one consonant and one vowel (on-, yes-);
• closed, consisting of one vowel and one consonant (an-, em-).

Many children find it difficult to determine the sequence of letters in one syllable. For example, "am-" they can read as "ma-" or vice versa. The ability to correctly combine letters in a two-letter syllable must be brought to automatism. It is possible to offer the reading of three- and four-letter syllables only to preschoolers who can read two-letter syllables together and freely.

Reading syllables should not be considered only as preparation for reading words. Reading syllables, especially complex and unusual ones (shpy, vpu, smoh, zdra) trains the skills of correct pronunciation. Unlike words, the child does not mentally connect abstract syllables with anything, so reading syllables eliminates the temptation to read at random.

Tip: in parallel with reading, it is worth teaching a 6-year-old child to contrast syllables with hard and soft consonants (ma-mya, well-nu, ko-kyo). This will help your child write them correctly in school.

Reading the words

Traditionally, words consisting of two repeated two-letter open syllables such as "mother" and "dad" are considered the simplest. Children who have previously trained to read complex syllables will easily master words consisting of one sentence (cat, cancer, sleep, chorus, bow).

When reading words, children may have problems with the placement of stress. This problem does not have a universal solution. When reading a word, the child will have to “recognize” it. There is only one way to provide him with such an opportunity - by expanding his horizons and vocabulary. It is important that the parent controls the child's understanding of the meaning of the words read.

Tip: if the child has problems moving from syllables to words, it is worth simplifying the task for him and dividing the words into syllables with dashes.

Example: mu-ha, lu-na, elephants, string-on. If the child does not have such problems, you can immediately read the words written together.

Reading sentences

A kid of 5-6 years old quickly realizes that a sentence is a complete thought. At this stage, it's time to introduce the child to punctuation marks (".", "!", "?"). According to them, a small reader should navigate where the sentence ends. To begin with, it is worth offering the child sentences consisting of two words like "Kolya is walking."

The main difficulty in reading sentences is to remember the previous words while reading the next ones. The best way to teach a child to make a sentence of three words is as follows.

The first word is read. The child must remember it. Repeating it from memory, he reads the second word and remembers it too. Next, the baby repeats the first and second word from memory and reads the third. This is how the compilation and understanding of the proposal as a whole is achieved.

Similar content

Among the huge selection of methods, teaching reading according to the method of Nadezhda Zhukova is very popular. Her method is adapted for self-study of parents with children at home. N. Zhukova's textbooks are affordable, they can be purchased in almost all bookstores. Let's try to figure out what is special about this technique and why it is so popular.

From the biography

Nadezhda Zhukova is a familiar domestic teacher, candidate of pedagogical sciences, has extensive speech therapy experience. She is the creator of a whole series of educational literature for children, which is published in millions of copies. Many of her scientific works published not only in Russian, but also in specialized editions of other countries.

Nadezhda Zhukova conducted many studies with preschool children, carefully studied the progressive processes of their speech development. She has created a unique method by which children can quickly learn to read and easily move from it to writing. In her methodology, N. Zhukova teaches children to correctly add syllables, which she uses as a single part in reading and writing in the future.

Sales of her modern Primer exceeded 3 million copies. From these figures, according to statistics, we can conclude that every fourth kid learns to read according to him. In 2005, he was awarded the title of "Classic Textbook".

In the 1960s, Nadezhda Zhukova was an active member of the initiative group, which dealt with the creation of specialized groups for children with speech problems and disorders. Now such speech therapy groups and entire kindergartens with this bias are widespread not only in our country, but also in the CIS countries.

Features of the technique

In creating her own special method, N. Zhukova used her 30-year speech therapy work experience. She was able to build a successful combination of literacy education with the ability to prevent children from making mistakes in writing. The textbook is based on the traditional approach of teaching reading, which is complemented by unique features.

In speech activity, it is psychologically easier for a child to single out a syllable than a single sound in a spoken word. This principle is used in the method of N. Zhukova. Reading syllables is offered already in the third lesson. In view of the fact that at the very beginning of learning to read this process for children is a mechanism for reproducing the letter model of a word into a sound one, by the time learning to read, the baby should already be familiar with the letters.

It is not worth teaching with a child all the letters of the alphabet at once. The first acquaintance of the baby should be with vowels. Explain to the baby that vowels are singing letters, they can be sung. Start by learning the so-called hard vowels (A, U, O). After the kid got acquainted with them, you already need to start adding up: AU, AO, OU, UA, UA, OA, OU. Of course, these are not syllables, but it is on this combination of vowels that it is easiest to explain to the baby the principle of adding syllables. Let the baby himself, helping himself with his finger, draw paths from letter to letter, singing them. So he can read a combination of two vowels. Next, you can start memorizing consonants.

Then, when you begin to teach the baby to read, explain to him how to determine by ear how many sounds or letters you have pronounced, which sound in a word sounds first, last, second. Here you can help in learning "Magnetic alphabet" N. Zhukova. With its help, you can ask the baby to lay out the syllables pronounced by you.

You can also feel the letters, circle them with your finger, which will contribute to their tactile memorization. When the baby learns to merge syllables, you can offer him to read a word of three letters, a word of two syllables. (O-SA, MA-MA).

In Zhukova's "Primer" parents will be able to find mini-summaries of classes for the study of each letter, recommendations for teaching the folding of syllables. Everything is written in accessible language. In order to use them, parents do not need to have a pedagogical education. Any adult can take the course.

A preschooler is able to perceive information only in a playful way. The game for him is a calm environment where no one will scold or criticize him. Do not try to force the child to quickly and immediately read syllable by syllable. For him, reading is hard work. Be patient, show affection and love for the baby during training. It matters to him now more than ever. Showing calmness and confidence, learn to add syllables, simple words, sentences. The child must master the technique of reading. This process is not fast and difficult for him. The game diversifies learning, relieves the boring obligation to study, and helps instill a love of reading.

Your patience and calmness will help your child learn to read faster.

Starting age

You should not rush things. It is quite normal that a 3-4-year-old child is not yet able to learn at all. During this age period, it is possible to start classes only on the condition that the child shows great interest in reading activity, shows a desire to learn to read.

A 5-6-year-old child will react to this in a completely different way. AT preschool institutions educational programs are designed to teach children to read by syllables. However, it is not always possible for babies to assimilate the information received in large team. Many guys need individual sessions so that they understand the principles of folding syllables and words. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to work out with your child at home. Having come to school well prepared, it will be easier for the baby to endure the adaptation period.

It is important to consider psychological readiness to learning to read. Children are ready to start reading only if they already speak well, correctly compose sentences in their speech, phonemic hearing is developed at the proper level. Babies should not have problems with hearing and vision, speech therapy problems.

Learning to read should begin at the age when you see the interest of the baby and feel that he is ready.

Sounds or letters?

Acquaintance with letters should not begin with memorizing their names. Instead, the child must know the sound that is written by a particular letter. No EM, ER, TE, LE, etc. should not be. Instead of EM, we learn the sound "m", instead of BE, we learn the sound "b". This is done to make it easier for the child to understand the principle of folding syllables. If you learn the names of the letters, then the child will not understand how the word PAPA is obtained from PE-A-PE-A, and the word MAMA is obtained from ME-A-ME-A. He will add not the sounds that are indicated by letters, but the way he learned - the names of the letters and, accordingly, will read PEAPEA, MEAMEA.

Learn the correct vowels and consonants

Don't start learning the letters in alphabetical order A, B, C, D... Follow the sequence given in the Primer.

First of all, learn the vowels (A, O, U, S, E). Next, the student should be introduced to the solid voiced consonants M, L.

Then we get acquainted with deaf and hissing sounds (K, P, T, W, H, etc.)

In the "Primer" N. Zhukova proposed the following order of studying letters: A, U, O, M, C, X, R, W, Y, L, N, K, T, I, P, Z, Y, G, V , D, B, F, E, b, I, Yu, E, H, E, C, F, W, b.

The sequence of studying letters presented in Zhukova's primer will help you easily adjust to school curriculum learning

Reinforcing learned material

The repetition of previously studied letters in each lesson will contribute to the faster development of the mechanism of literate reading in children.

Reading by syllables

Once you and your child have learned a few letters, it's time to learn how to add syllables. A cheerful boy helps in this in the "Primer". It runs from one letter to another, forming a syllable. The first letter of the syllable must be pulled until the baby traces the path along which the boy is running with his finger. For example, the syllable MA. The first letter M. We put a finger at the beginning of the track near it. We pull the sound M while we run our finger along the track, without stopping: M-M-M-M-M-A-A-A-A-A-A. The child must learn that the first letter stretches until the boy runs to the second, as a result they are pronounced together, without breaking away from each other.

Starting with simple syllables

The child must understand the algorithm for folding syllables from sounds. To do this, he needs training first on simple syllables, such as MA, PA, MO, PO, LA, LO. Only after the child understands this mechanism, learns to read simple syllables, you can proceed to more difficult syllables - with hissing and deaf consonants (ZHA, ZHU, SHU, XA).

The stage of learning to read closed syllables

When a child learns to add open syllables, it is necessary to start learning to read closed syllables, i.e. those with a vowel in the first place. AB, US, UM, OM, AN. It is much more difficult for a child to read such syllables, do not forget about regular training.

Reading simple words

When the child understands the mechanism of folding syllables, begins to read them with ease, it's time to read simple words: MA-MA, PA-PA, SA-MA, KO-RO-VA.

Pay attention to pronunciation and pauses

In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pronunciation of the child. Pay attention to the correct reading of the endings of words, the child should not guess what is written, but read the word to the end.

If at the initial stage of training you taught the child to sing syllables, now, the time has come to do without it. Make sure your child pauses between words. Explain to him what punctuation marks mean: commas, periods, exclamation and question marks. At first, let the pauses between the words and sentences that the baby makes be long enough. Over time, he will understand and shorten them.

By following these simple rules, you can teach your child to read pretty quickly.

Popular books for children by N. Zhukova

In order for parents to be able to teach their child to read and write using her methodology, Nadezhda Zhukova offers a whole series of books and manuals for children and parents.

This includes:

"Primer" and "Recipe" for children 6-7 years old in 3 parts

Copybooks are a practical application to the Primer. The syllabic principle of graphics is adopted as a basis. The syllable is a separate unit not only of reading, but also of writing. The recording of the vowel and consonant letters acts as a single graphic element.

"Magnetic alphabet"

Suitable for both home use and for classes in children's institutions. A large set of letters allows you to make not only individual words, but also sentences. Attached to the "ABC" guidelines for work, they are complemented by exercises for teaching children.

"I write correctly - from the Primer to the ability to write beautifully and correctly"

The textbook is suitable for children who have already learned to read syllable by syllable together. It is also necessary that the kids could determine the first and last sounds in a word, could name words for the sound that they were called, indicate the place of the given sound in the word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. The book is designed to express the creativity of the teacher who deals with it. The proposed sections can be expanded or narrowed, the number of oral and written exercises varies by the teacher. At the bottom of some pages you can see methodological instructions for conducting classes. A lot of plot pictures offered as illustrations for the textbook will help the child not only easily learn the basic principles of grammar, but also develop oral speech.

"Lessons of Right Speech and Right Thinking"

The book is suitable for children who already read well. Here, texts of the classical genre are offered for reading. For parents, there is a detailed methodological description of classes based on the book. For each work, a system of work on the text is attached for its analysis. With its help, children learn to reflect, understand the hidden subtext, explain, discuss. You can also see the meaning of words unknown to the child, which are in the dictionary for children. Also the author introduces kids to famous poets and writers, teaches them to read this or that work correctly.

"Lessons of calligraphy and literacy" (teaching copybooks)

A manual that complements the rest of the elements of N. Zhukova's system. With the help of it, the child will be able to learn how to navigate on the sheet, work according to the model, circle and independently write various elements of letters and their connections. Tasks are offered for sound-letter analysis of words, adding missing letters in a word, writing uppercase and lowercase letters, etc.

"Speech therapist lessons"

This textbook is characterized by a system of classes that is understandable not only for teachers and speech therapists, but also for parents, with the help of which children can achieve pure speech. The proposed exercises focus on working out only one specific sound. Thanks to this, classes are carried out with great effect. The level of speech development of the child with whom they begin to study is not so important. For all children, classes will have a positive result. Great for activities with kids of all ages.

"The first book to read after the Primer"

For children who have completed the study of the Primer, it is recommended as the first book - "The first book to read after the Primer". It will soften the transition from the Primer to ordinary literature. The main purpose of this teaching aid is to develop curiosity in children, the desire to learn new things, develop intelligence and perseverance.

1 part are fables and stories. They continue the texts that are given in the Primer, only a more complex version is proposed.

part 2- information for the young naturalist. It offers data from encyclopedias about the main characters of stories or fables.

part 3 is fragments of poems of great poets. Each passage traces the relationship with any fragment of the 1st part of the book. This may be a poem about the seasons of one of the stories, about the animals of one of the fables, the weather, etc.

Thus, with the help of the teaching methodology of Nadezhda Zhukova, parents will be able to perfectly prepare their child for school on their own. Using its methodological and teaching aids you can not only teach a child to read well and correctly, but also teach him to write, introduce him to the basics of competent written speech, and avoid many speech therapy problems.

Review the primer of Nadezhda Zhukova in the next video.