Design

Socio-psychological features of communication via the Internet. Features of communication via the Internet

Like other types of communication, Internet communication also has a number of some peculiar features. To identify these features, an initial study was conducted, which included observation, analysis of correspondence texts, conversations with users of various Internet applications that serve communication. In addition, a survey was conducted of network users aged 21 to 30 years with higher and incomplete higher education different sexes and professions.

Based on the study, the following assumptions were made about the features of communication via the Internet:

1. Anonymity. This feature of communication via the Internet has a number of consequences. First, non-verbal means of communication lose their importance in communication. Despite the fact that in text communication there is an opportunity to express one's feelings with the help of "emoticons", the physical absence of the participants in communication in the act of communication leads to the fact that feelings can not only be expressed, but also hidden, just as it is possible to express feelings that man in this moment does not experience. On the Internet, people are less likely to be offended, because it is pointless there - you still can’t see how offended you are, on the Internet you can communicate with unattractive (outwardly) people, on the Internet you can talk on an equal footing with a person much older than you, and this does not interfere with communication. That is, on the Internet, as a result of the physical non-representation of communication partners to each other, a number of communication barriers lose their significance.

Another important consequence of the physical non-representation of a person in text communication is the ability to create any impression of oneself of one's choice. In a virtual environment, it is possible to create any image for yourself, look like you like, be a creature of any gender by choice, so a person does not have any restrictions characteristic of the material world.

The anonymity of communication on the Internet enriches the possibilities of self-presentation of a person, giving him the opportunity not only to create an impression of himself of his choice, but also to be who he wants. That is, the features of communication on the Internet allow a person to construct his identity according to his choice.

Despite the fact that it is sometimes possible to obtain some information of a personal nature and even a photograph of the interlocutor, they are insufficient for a real and more or less adequate perception of a person. Due to such anonymity and impunity, another feature is manifested in the network, associated with a decrease in psychological and social risk in the process of communication - affective emancipation, non-normativity and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication. A person in the network can and does show great freedom of expression and actions (up to insults, obscene expressions, sexual harassment), since the risk of exposure and personal negative assessment by others is minimal.

  • 2. The peculiarity of the processes of interpersonal perception in the absence of non-verbal information. As a rule, the mechanisms of stereotyping and identification, as well as the attitude as an expectation of the desired qualities in a partner, have a strong influence on the idea of ​​an interlocutor.
  • 3. Voluntariness and desirability of contacts. The user voluntarily makes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.
  • 4. The difficulty of the emotional component of communication and, at the same time, a strong desire for the emotional content of the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in the description of emotions in words (in brackets after the main text of the message).
  • 5. The desire for atypical, non-normative behavior. Often, users present themselves from a different angle than in the conditions of a real social norm, they lose roles, scenarios, and abnormal behavior that are not implemented in activities outside the network.

The reasons for turning to the Internet as a communication tool can be:

  • 1. Insufficient saturation with communication in real contacts. In such cases, users quickly lose interest in Internet communication, if there are opportunities to meet the relevant needs in real life.
  • 2. The possibility of realizing personality traits, playing roles, experiencing emotions that, for one reason or another, are not realized in everyday life.

These are not all the reasons why people turn to the Internet as a means of communication, because each person has some personal reason to turn to this source of communication.

The aim of the study was to study the features of communication via the Internet.
An initial study was conducted using observation, analysis of texts of correspondence, conversations with Internet users. In addition, we conducted a survey of users aged 21 to 30 with higher and incomplete higher education, of different sex and professional affiliation, statistical processing of the survey results.

On the Internet it is possible:
Communication between people who know each other in real life (the Internet, as a rule, is used as a means that is more convenient in certain conditions).

Communication between strangers:
a) Search for acquaintances and communication through a network whose members wish to switch to communication in real life. The Internet is becoming accessible and extremely lightweight, in comparison with real life, a way to expand the circle of contacts, form new connections and acquaintances. This kind of communication is especially captivating for people who, for one reason or another, experience difficulties during initial contact in everyday reality.
b) Communication through the network, the participants of which do not seek or avoid the transition to communication in real life.

Features of communication via the Internet:
Anonymity. Despite the fact that it is sometimes possible to obtain some information of a personal nature, and even a photograph of the interlocutor, they do not give a real picture of the person. In addition, the effect of hiding or presenting false information is often observed. The consequence of this is irresponsibility and impunity on the network, that is, the user can show greater freedom of expression (up to insults), transmit false information, mislead, practically without receiving punishment or negative evaluation for such actions.

Voluntariness. The user voluntarily establishes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

Difficult emotionality, which is partially compensated by a specially designed symbolic system for conveying emotions.

Roleness. Often, the user presents himself in a different way than in real life, and, perceiving his interlocutor, conjectures, creates his image, which is different from the real one. The personal experience of users in the transition from virtual to real contacts shows that, as a rule, they experience surprise or disappointment from the discrepancy between their ideas and their real personality.

Reasons for turning to the Internet as a means of communication:
Insufficient saturation with communication in real contacts. Most of the respondents assess Internet communication as "surrogate", "low-value contacts", "entertainment, play activities" and prefer real communication using the network in cases where real contacts are difficult for one reason or another. This category of people easily refuses Internet communication, experiences a loss of interest in it in case of saturation and satisfaction of the need for communication in conditions of real contacts.

Implementation of personality traits, roles that are not embodied in real life or are hidden (because they are considered socially unacceptable by a person, inconsistent with his social status, etc.) For example, the social status of a married man does not correlate with active flirting and numerous romantic relationships and contacts. But on the Internet, due to anonymity and irresponsibility, you can play any flirting roles and other manifestations of sexuality (up to pornographic ones). 50% of married women and men surveyed admit that the Internet is an opportunity for them to have romantic relationship(only 17% of those who are not married indicate this).

Internet communication allows you to play and realize any fantastic "I", that is, to self-realize in a new quality that is not characteristic of the usual social roles in real life. A qualitatively new masquerade behavior and communication appears.

Getting psychotherapeutic help, support, sympathy and understanding. Unlike this kind of contacts in real life, therapeutic communication on the Internet has more openness, trust, a variety of problems open for discussion.

Shevchenko I.O.

In terms of the number of Internet users, Russia is in 7th place! The first places are occupied by China, the USA and Japan.

According to sociologists, the share of Russians using the Internet every day has increased rapidly over the past year. The main way to access the World Wide Web is a desktop computer. 58% of Russians use the Internet at least once every six months. The share of those who use the Internet daily increased most of all - from 30% to 38%. According to Euromonitor International, Internet penetration in Russia is still well below Western European levels, at 49% compared to the European average of 78%.

As sociologists found out, the most active Internet users are young people and highly educated citizens. The second most popular way to access the Internet after a regular computer is laptops and netbooks. With their help, 38% of Russians use the World Wide Web, including 25% daily. The third place is occupied by a mobile phone: with its help 32% of users go online.

The least among Russians are those who use the Internet using smartphones (14%) and tablet devices (4%). Nevertheless, a study by Yandex published in March showed that the audience mobile internet in Russia is growing much faster than the Internet audience in general.

It is an indisputable fact that the Internet today is the most colossal source of information that mankind has known. But its capabilities, such as efficiency, speed and availability of communication between users at long and short distances, allow using the Internet not only as a tool for learning, but also as a tool for communication.

Assuming the presence of some peculiar features of Internet communication, we conducted an initial study, which included observation, analysis of texts of correspondence, conversations with users of various Internet applications that serve communication. In addition, a survey was conducted of network users aged 21 to 30 years with higher and incomplete higher education of different sex and professional affiliation.

On the basis of the study, we can make the following assumptions about the features of communication via the Internet:

1. Anonymity. Despite the fact that it is sometimes possible to obtain some personal information and even a photograph of the interlocutor, they are insufficient for a real and more or less adequate perception of the person. In addition, there is a concealment or presentation of false information. Due to such anonymity and impunity, another feature is manifested in the network associated with a decrease in psychological and social risk in the process of communication - affective emancipation, non-normativeness and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication. A person in the network can and does show greater freedom of expression and actions (up to insults, obscene expressions, sexual harassment), since the risk of exposure and personal negative assessment by others is minimal.

2. The peculiarity of the processes of interpersonal perception in the absence of non-verbal information. As a rule, the mechanisms of stereotyping and identification, as well as the attitude as an expectation of the desired qualities in a partner, have a strong influence on the idea of ​​an interlocutor.

3. Voluntariness and desirability of contacts . The user voluntarily makes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

4. The difficulty of the emotional component of communication and, at the same time, a strong desire for the emotional content of the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in the description of emotions in words (in brackets after the main text of the message).

5. The desire for atypical, non-normative behavior. Often, users present themselves from a different angle than in the conditions of a real social norm, they lose roles, scenarios, and abnormal behavior that are not realized in activities outside the network.

The reason for turning to the Internet as a communication tool may be:

1. Insufficient saturation with communication in real contacts. In such cases, users quickly lose interest in Internet communication, if there are opportunities to meet the relevant needs in real life.

2. The possibility of realizing personality traits, playing roles, experiencing emotions that are frustrated in real life for one reason or another. This possibility is due to the above features of communication through the network - anonymity, non-rigid normativity, the originality of the process of perceiving a person by a person. The desire to experience certain emotions probably explains the desire for emotional content of the text.

The last of the above reasons seems to us the most interesting and will be the subject of further research.

Internet addiction.

Internet addiction (or Internet addiction) is an obsessive desire to connect to the Internet and a painful inability to disconnect from the Internet in time. Internet addiction is a widely discussed issue, but its status as a mental disorder has not been formally established, and it is not included in the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classifications of diseases. Information for a person is of great importance. The computer and the Internet is a powerful tool for processing and exchanging information, in addition, thanks to the computer, different kinds information. This is considered the root cause of computer or Internet addiction, since in a certain sense they suffer from a violation of information exchange processes.

The problem of Internet addiction came to light with the increasing popularity of the Internet. Some people have become so addicted to the virtual space that they began to prefer the Internet to reality, spending up to 18 hours a day at the computer. A sharp rejection of the Internet causes anxiety and emotional excitement in such people. Psychiatrists see the similarity of such addiction with excessive gambling.

The main 6 types of internet addiction are:

1. Obsessive web surfing - endless travel on the World Wide Web, searching for information.

2. Addiction to virtual communication and virtual acquaintances - large volumes of correspondence, constant participation in chat rooms, web forums, redundancy of acquaintances and friends on the Web.

3. Gambling addiction is an obsessive hobby computer games over the network.

4. Obsessive financial need - online gambling, unnecessary purchases in online stores or constant participation in online auctions.

5. Addiction to watching movies over the Internet, when the patient can spend the whole day in front of the screen without stopping due to the fact that almost any movie or program can be watched on the network.

6. Cyber ​​addiction - an obsessive attraction to visiting porn sites and engaging in cybersex.

7. The easiest and most affordable way to solve an addiction is to acquire another addiction. Love to healthy lifestyle life, communication with wildlife, creative applied hobbies, such as drawing, as a rule, take a person out of addiction.

8. In the United States, Kimberly Young, professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh in Bratford (USA), is now considered the leading specialist in the study of Internet addiction, the author of the famous book Caught in the Net, translated into many languages. She is also the founder of the Center for On-Line Addiction. The center, established in 1995, advises psychiatric clinics, educational institutions and corporations dealing with Internet abuse. The Center freely distributes information and methods for getting rid of Internet addiction.

9. In 2009, the writer Stanislav Mironov published in the public domain on one of the literary resources the novel Virtuality, which tells about the problem of Internet addiction, where the author classifies internet addiction not only how mental disorder, but also as an acute social problem, offering ways to solve it. There is no mention of a printed edition of the novel.

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….….….3

1. THE INTERNET AS A METHOD OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION...5

1.1.Internet as a way of intercultural communication…….…………..…5

1.2. Ways of communication on the Internet……………….………….……………..…7

2. FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET……...….….….……12

2.1. Psychological features of Internet communication………...………...12

2.2. Internet Etiquette……………………………………….…….….…….…..15

3. PERSPECTIVE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION…….…….……..18

CONCLUSION………………………………………….………………..……19

LIST OF USED LITERATURE…….…………….….…...20

INTRODUCTION

Currently, there are quite a few means, forms and methods of communication in the world, and a large part of them are somehow connected with modern technical capabilities, which in particular are represented by the use of the global computer network - the Internet (Internet). This is primarily due to the fact that humanity over the past century has made a huge leap in the development of science and technology, which has opened up new spaces for human activity. So the emergence and development of digital and computer technologies, and subsequently the mass distribution of personal computers, opened the new kind interaction "human-computer", and the development of the Internet to the interaction "human-computer" added the possibility of communication "human-computer-human".

It should be noted that the Internet is developing quite rapidly. Thus, today the Internet has about 15 million subscribers in more than 150 countries of the world, and the size of the Network is increasing by 7-10 percent every month. The number of publications devoted to the Net is growing rapidly, which portends its wide distribution even in areas far from technology. In a word, the Internet is turning from a great toy for individual intellectuals into a full-fledged source of all kinds of useful information for everyone, and is also becoming the main form of virtual communication.

In this paper, we will consider a topic related to the features of communication on the Internet. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the need to study communication on the Internet, because this type of virtual communication is becoming increasingly important and is becoming one of the main types of people's communication in the modern world.

The object of study of this work is the global Internet as a way of organizing intercultural communication. The subject of the research work is communication on the Internet and its features. The study of this topic also makes it possible to assess the role of the Internet in modern life, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of virtual communication.

The study of the chosen topic involves the achievement of the main goal - to consider the features of communication on the Internet. In accordance with a specific goal, the following tasks were set and solved:

▬ study the concept and organization of communication via the Internet;

▬ reveal aspects of such communication, determine its main forms;

▬ find out the advantages and disadvantages of virtual communication;

▬ consider the features of communication on the Internet;

▬ outline the prospects for the development of Internet communication;

▬ analyze the received material, draw the necessary conclusions and reflect them in this work.

The chosen topic was researched using the following methods:

▬ consideration of the theoretical aspects of the chosen topic;

▬ study of practical materials of Internet sites;

▬ analysis of the received materials, conclusions and conclusions.

As a theoretical basis for the study, the works and manuals of Russian and foreign authors on the study of the World Wide Web from a modern point of view were used in the work. These are the works of such authors as Belinskaya E., Zhichkina A., S.I., Petrova N.P., Simonovich S.V., Petrov K., Murakhovsky V.I., Goryavsky Yu., Matt Goff etc. The books of these authors analyze communication via the Internet, and a large place is given to the study of the methods of such communication (e-mail, forums, chat, etc.). In preparing the work, theoretical, practical and analytical materials from Internet resources were used.

The set goals and objectives determined the structure of the presented work - the work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The work is presented on 20 pages. 15 scientific sources were used to write this work.

1. THE INTERNET AS A WAY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

1.1. Internet as a way of intercultural communication

Today it is difficult to overestimate the role of the Internet in organizing the flow of all kinds of information, as well as in organizing communication, as one of the aspects that inevitably accompany the flow of these flows. After all, communication is a way of people interacting with each other, and with the advent of the World Wide Web, this communication has gone beyond the boundaries of one house, city, and even one country. Undoubtedly, for many years there were other means of transmitting information over distances (such as mail, telephone, telegraph), but the inconvenience that participants in such communication often encounter forces many of them to join the ranks of those people who have already appreciated the benefits of the new world of digital technologies and in particular the Internet.

We must agree that at present, e-mail, all kinds of forums organized in the network space, numerous Internet magazines and newspapers, and the Internet itself, for many, have become no less important aspect of everyday life than television or telephone, and sometimes they completely crowd out their "backward" brothers.

So, what is the Internet (Internet)? The Internet is a global computer network that today covers almost the entire world. The Internet has about 15 million subscribers in more than 150 countries, and the size of the network is increasing by 7-10% every month. The Internet forms, as it were, the core that provides communication between various information networks belonging to various institutions around the world.

If earlier the World Wide Web was used exclusively as a medium for transferring files and e-mail messages, today it is used to solve more complex problems of distributed access to Internet resources. The Internet, originally serving research and educational interests, is becoming increasingly popular in the world of ordinary communication.

Communication via the Internet is especially important for those people whose real life for one reason or another, interpersonally impoverished. Such people use the World Wide Web as an alternative to their immediate (real) environment. By the way, about half of Internet users go online in order to expand their social circle, since computer-mediated communication creates the illusion of companionship without the requirements of friendship. Thus, the Internet plays a huge role in organizing such communication.

Communication via the Internet may not necessarily take place only within one country. Since the Internet is the World Wide Web, therefore, people from all over the world can communicate through it. different countries. So, for example, if a person who was born and raised in Russia has a good command of English language, then nothing prevents him from having correspondence not only with people living on the territory of our country and speaking Russian, but also with any foreigner who may be in any English-speaking country. This gives him the opportunity to participate in all kinds of international Internet forums and chat, providing himself with the opportunity to explore the culture of other countries and give foreigners an idea of ​​their own culture - the culture of Russia.

Network communication has a lot of advantages over conventional methods of personal communication, and they play a huge role in attracting people to the Internet - communication.

Thus, the Internet, covering almost all civilized corners of our planet, is a powerful means of intercultural communication, which contributes to the rapprochement of peoples and the growth of their national and international self-consciousness.

1.2. Ways to communicate online

Currently, there are many ways to communicate on the Internet, the main of which are e-mail, forums, various conferences, chat rooms, network games and much more.

The most universal means of computer communication is e-mail (E-mail), which is an analogue of the well-known communication system through letters sent in envelopes, which differs in that the letter exists in the form of an electronic message that is sent from the addressee's computer to the post office. server, and then delivered to the addressee in his mailbox. The whole procedure for sending such a letter when good conditions takes no more than 3-5 minutes. In this case, the email address is the following spelling: name@mail_server.country_code (for example: [email protected]). An e-mail, like a regular letter in an envelope, can contain various attachments in the form of graphic (photos, drawings, pictures, diagrams, tables), audio (music, speech) and other types of files.

E-mail has some features:

communication is interpersonal or group in nature;

ü communication is always indirect and distant (the computer and the postal service act as intermediaries);

ü according to the method of interaction, virtual communication can be a monologue or a dialogue;

ü the form of communication can be written and oral (if communication takes place with the help of sound speech files attached to letters);

ü The style of speech can be both official business and any other, up to colloquial speech and the use of profanity.

Much here depends on the level of development of the interlocutors, their relationships and the goals they pursue.

E-mail has some advantages over paper mail, which are as follows:

Scanty time and money spent on shipping;

Less data required for successful delivery;

Possibility of sending together with the letter of sound materials;

Ability to send one letter to several recipients at once;

Ability to forward letters, etc.

But E-mail also has such disadvantages as:

The need for a computer, Internet access, an electronic mailbox, as well as basic knowledge of managing PC software;

When sending a large number of attachments or large files, it may be more appropriate to use regular mail.

Another way to communicate on the Internet is forums, i.e. organization of information exchange and communication between large quantity interlocutors who are not without interest in the topic of discussion, which is the reason for the concentration of these people in one place to bring it up for general discussion. Their main difference is that when organizing Internet forums there are no strict restrictions on the contingent of participants - they can be any users registered on a particular forum, there is also no time frame for discussing a topic - the process continues as long as the topic interesting for interlocutors.

There are various forums in terms of topics, contingent of participants and goals pursued: some are Internet analogues of previously held meetings on some topics that require further discussion, others exist to organize communication between people (usually having friendly relations outside the Internet, i.e. in ordinary life), different reasons unable to gather in one place for live, unmediated communication. Forums of the first type usually have scientific or socio-political themes and pursue appropriate goals, which can be the solution of any problems related to this topic. Such forums are characterized by some formality and an official business, scientific or scientific journalistic style of speech.

Forums of the second type differ, first of all, in themes - various everyday spheres of life, social events, or the work of creators in the field of art (including music, painting, poetry and prose, etc.), as well as informal communication can be discussed . In addition, depending on the contingent of participants, all the means of the language are used without restrictions. Communication takes place mainly in a colloquial style of speech, but there are no rigid frameworks here. The goals can be considered as obtaining by the participants of various knowledge, communication experience, as well as obtaining some truth in disputes regarding a particular phenomenon or individual preferences.

All forums have unwritten rules: the discussion of any topic begins with the author's monologue in the form of an article (review / review, opinion on any of the positions of interest to many), containing the essence of the problem and the author's reasoned arguments in favor of one or another point of view. Further, all interested persons are connected to the discussion of the topic with the author. Thus, the method of interaction can already be called either a dialogue or a polylogue, if the communication takes place between several participants who can contact the author or each other. The purposes of forum discussions can be informative, prescriptive, emotive, or a combination of both. The duration of the discussion of one topic can range from several hours to several months or even years.

Advantages of Internet forums over live communication:

No need to travel to the venue of the forum - just turn on the computer and type in the email address;

Huge savings of time, effort and money when participating in the forum;

Ability to participate in several forums at once;

The absence of physical contact with opponents excludes the possibility of using physical force in controversial situations;

The period of the forum does not have a strict time frame;

Disadvantages of Internet forums are as follows:

The frequent lack of a visual representation of the interlocutors due to their unwillingness to put their photos on public display.

A variety of forums that differ from them in the absence of any specific scientific or social topics are chats. They are created directly to stimulate live group communication, mostly young people. Such communication takes place in the form of a polylogue of often unfamiliar people pursuing the goal of making acquaintances.

Like a live acquaintance, there are usually several stages to achieve this goal: Participants, reading various statements, find a person close or interesting to them, with whom, at first, they exchange general information about themselves, or openly invite him to get acquainted. This is followed by a dialogue that exists to “probe” the interlocutor, and, ultimately, if the interlocutors are interested in each other, they agree to meet on the “mainland”. At the same time, all participants in the chat have the opportunity to observe their communication or join them. A distinctive feature is the relative short duration (compared to forums) of any debate between opponents. The advantages and disadvantages of chatting are similar to the advantages and disadvantages of chatting on forums.

A somewhat different way of communicating on the Internet is a conference, its device resembles a bulletin board, and a newspaper at the same time. There is no list of conference participants. Anyone whose computer is connected to some other computer that receives conference messages can receive and send messages. All sent messages are divided into groups by topic, and in order to receive group messages, you must subscribe to this group, that is, include the name of this group in the list on your personal computer (PC). Such a conference device allows you to receive all messages on topics of interest, regardless of who wrote them, and send a message without worrying about recipient addresses - it will be read by those who may be interested in it.

The main participants of the conferences are people who care not so much for interpersonal communication as intellectual communication. As a rule, these are professionals who are looking for answers to their professional questions here. Such people, if they enter into a network conversation, then most often in order to get useful information on the subject of their interest. Through conferences, it is easiest to find like-minded people, organize fan clubs or scientific communities, and the conference is indispensable for scientific discussions. With the help of a conference, you can discuss a topic of interest in such a company, which would cost a lot of money and unpredictable time and effort to gather in one place for a personal conversation.

There is also such a way to communicate on the Internet as "Ai Sik Yu" (ICQ - "I Seek You" - "I'm looking for you" or just "ICQ") - this is a program that allows you to communicate with your friends online - t .e. in real time. It works on the principle of e-mail, only the principle of its work is even faster. This way of communication is somewhat reminiscent of throwing notes. You can send them messages, various files, call them to chat, send an invitation to launch network programs, etc.

There are many other ways of virtual communication on the Internet - these are network games (strategic and intellectual), and the virtual world (as a community of people who build an interactive virtual life), and clubs (which look like a mixture of conference and chat), etc.

2. FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET

2.1. Psychological features of Internet communication

All forms of Internet communication, due to its mediation by a computer, have some features.

1. Anonymity - despite the fact that sometimes it is possible to get some personal information and even a photo of a virtual interlocutor, this is not enough for a real and more or less adequate perception of a person. In addition, during virtual communication, there is a hiding or presentation of false information about oneself. Due to such anonymity and impunity, another feature is manifested on the Web, associated with a decrease in psychological and social risk in the process of communication - affective emancipation, non-normativeness and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication. A person in the network can and does show greater freedom of expression and actions (up to insults, obscene expressions, sexual harassment), since the risk of exposure and personal negative assessment by others is minimal.

2. The peculiarity of the processes of interpersonal perception in the absence of non-verbal information - as a rule, the mechanisms of stereotyping and identification, as well as setting the desired qualities in a partner, have a strong influence on the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe interlocutor.

3. Voluntariness and desirability of contacts - the Internet user voluntarily makes all kinds of contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

4. The difficulty of the emotional component of communication and, at the same time, a strong desire for the emotional content of the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in the description of emotions in words (in brackets after the main text of the message).

5. The desire for atypical, non-normative behavior - often Internet users present themselves from a different angle than in the conditions of a real social norm, they play roles that are unrealizable in activities outside the network, scenarios of non-normative behavior.

In connection with the considered features, it can be concluded that the anonymity of communication entails a number of consequences. So in communication via the Internet, non-verbal means of communication lose their significance. Despite the fact that in text communication it is possible to express one's feelings with the help of emoticons, the physical absence of communication participants in the act of communication leads to the fact that feelings can not only be expressed, but also hidden, as well as feelings that can be expressed. the person is not currently experiencing.

On the Internet, as a result of the physical non-representation of communication partners to each other, a number of communication barriers lose their meaning, due to such characteristics of communication partners that are expressed in their appearance: gender, age, social status, external attractiveness, communicative competence of a person.

Another important consequence of the physical non-representation of a person in text communication is the ability to create any impression of oneself of one's choice. Indeed, in text communication on the Internet, people often create so-called "virtual identities" for themselves, describing themselves in a certain way. The virtual personality is endowed with a name, often a pseudonym (which is also called “nickname”). There is a point of view according to which the construction of virtual personalities on the Internet is a reflection of changes in the structure of a person's identity and is a reflection of social changes. If a person fully realizes all aspects of his "I" in real communication, he most likely lacks the motivation for constructing virtual personalities, then communication on the Internet is in the nature of an addition to the main type of communication.

But virtual communication can also have a compensatory, substitutive character, this happens in the case of the formation of Internet addiction. Behaviorally, this addiction manifests itself in the fact that people prefer life on the Internet so much that they actually begin to abandon their real life, spending up to 18 hours a day on virtual reality. Internet addicts receive various forms of social recognition on the Internet. Their dependence may indicate that in real life they do not receive social recognition, and also that in real life this group of people may have certain communication difficulties that reduce their satisfaction with real communication.

Like any community, the culture of communication on the Internet has its own set of values, standards of language used, symbols to which individual users adapt. Being included in such a group, a person gets the opportunity to support a positive image of the “I” due to a positive social identity.

So, in general, we can say that the main reasons for turning to the Internet as a communication tool can be:

Insufficient saturation with communication in real contacts - in such cases, users quickly lose interest in Internet communication if new opportunities appear to meet the relevant needs in real life;

The possibility of realizing personality traits, playing roles, experiencing emotions that are frustrated in real life for one reason or another - such an opportunity is due to the peculiarities of communication through the network - anonymity, non-rigid normativity, the originality of the process of perceiving a person by a person. The desire to experience certain emotions also explains the desire for emotional content of the text.

2.2. Internet etiquette

It should be noted a number characteristic features communication using computer networks. Firstly, the possibility of simultaneous communication of a large number of people located in different parts of the world, and, consequently, living in different cultures; secondly, the impossibility of using most of the non-verbal means of communication and self-presentation; thirdly, the impoverishment of the emotional component of communication; and fourthly, anonymity and reduced psychological risk in the process of communication. These characteristics lead to the development of new forms and styles of interaction and the emergence of a kind of Internet etiquette.

1. Remember the person! Do not forget that even through a dead network and a computer stuffed with electronics, you communicate with a living person, and often with many people at the same time. Do not let yourself be fooled by the atmosphere of anonymity and permissiveness - remember that on the other end of the wire is the same person as you. writing email, imagine that you are saying all this directly to a person’s face - and try not to be ashamed of your words at the same time.

2. Follow the same rules online that you follow in real life. Violation of the laws of human communication, moral rules or norms of the social life of the Network may go relatively unpunished for you, but will your conscience be clear?

3. Remember that you are in cyberspace! Its boundaries are much wider than the boundaries of the human society we are used to, and different parts of it can have their own laws. Therefore, when faced with a new type of communication for you on the Web, study its laws and recognize their priority. Let's say every newsgroup, forum or even channel has its own, local rules - check them out before posting your first post! And most importantly - remember the unwritten rules.

4. Be careful with the time and opinions of other people! Ask for help only when it is really necessary - and in this case you can always count on the help and support of your colleagues. However, do not pull other users over trifles - otherwise, in the end, they will simply stop communicating with you. Remember that network time is not only limited, but also very expensive for many! And, in addition to your problems, your interlocutors may also have their own.

5. Try to look decent in the eyes of your interlocutors! Don't waste your time on "conventions" like good manners or, say, rules of grammar and spelling. Even sincere compliments lose weight and persuasiveness, being embodied in a grammatically and orthographically incorrect and erroneous form.

6. Do not neglect the advice of experts and share your knowledge with others! Be grateful to those who spend their time answering your questions. But if you receive a letter with a question from another user yourself, do not rush to send this message to the wastebasket, no matter how ridiculous and naive it may seem to you.

7. Hold back passions. No etiquette forbids entering into discussions, but do not stoop to swearing and swearing - even if your counterpart deliberately provokes you to do so.

8. Respect not only your own, but also other people's privacy! If for some reason you want to remain anonymous on the Web, recognize these rights for your interlocutor as well. Moreover - he has the right to anonymity and privacy, even if you speak "with an open visor." A side effect of this rule: do not publish information from your private messages without the consent of their senders, do not delve into other people's mailboxes and, ultimately, into other people's computers!

9. Don't abuse your power and influence online! It's hard to win trust, but it's so easy to lose it!

10. Be tolerant of the shortcomings of the people around you! Do not look at whether or not your interlocutors observe the rules of network etiquette, observe them yourself! In the end, very politely recommend the interlocutor to familiarize themselves with these rules.

So, when communicating on the Web, rude, and especially obscene expressions should be avoided. It is necessary to remember that different people, including children, can read what you write. This is also true for any public statements, including texts placed in guest books and bulletin boards, when writing emails, and especially when posting text messages to newsgroups.

When working with newsgroups, you need to remember that many groups have moderators, i.e. These are people who keep order in a particular group. In case of incorrect behavior, the moderator has the right not only to warn the user who has violated the order, but also to disconnect him from the group, and in some cases the moderator disables the entire node (ie the server). To avoid this, you must carefully read the rules of the newsgroup, published weekly by the moderator.

You should not send too large messages, and if files are attached to the letter, then when sending them, you need to pack or split the archive into parts and send it in several letters.

According to the rules of internal etiquette, any letters must be signed. The signature usually includes not only the first name and last name, but also network addresses - the e-mail address and the address of the home web page (if any).

So, if all Internet users adhere to such rules of behavior when communicating on the Internet, then such communication will become easier, friendlier, more pleasant, and most importantly, more effective.

3. PERSPECTIVE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION

The processes of development of global information and communication technologies are currently very dynamic, and their opportunities for society and the economy are just beginning to be used on a large scale. So, two or three years ago, the Internet was considered mainly as a giant library, and its main task was to help in finding the right information and organizing access to it. At the present "communication" stage of its development, the main task of the World Wide Web is to help find desirable partners for all kinds of communication and provide the necessary means for organizing this type of communication.

It should be noted that at present the Internet is rapidly becoming mobile. According to the company "Ericsson" ("Erikson"), already in 2007-2008. the number of Internet users accessing from mobile devices will be higher than the number of users with fixed access, and will reach more than 600 million people, and according to forecasts of the Yankee Group (Yankee Group), the number of mobile terminals with access to the Internet by 2008 will exceed one billion. The development of the mobile Internet today is due to the transition of telecommunications companies to new standards cellular communication, the emergence of "third generation" networks and the improvement of existing communications

Many companies - manufacturers of both cell phones (Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens) and computers (Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, IBM) - are developing a whole class of new devices that integrate the functions of a powerful pocket computer and mobile phone that allows you to connect to high-speed wireless networks. This indicates that the process of communication on the Internet will be simplified and, accordingly, accelerated.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn.

The Internet is a global computer network that today covers almost the entire world. Communication via the Internet is especially important for those people whose real life, for one reason or another, is interpersonally impoverished. Such people use the Internet as an alternative to their immediate (real) environment.

Communication via the Internet may not necessarily take place only within one country. Since the Internet is the World Wide Web, therefore, people from different countries can communicate. World Wide Web The Internet, covering almost all civilized corners of our planet, is a powerful means of intercultural communication, which contributes to the rapprochement of peoples and the growth of their national and international self-consciousness.

Currently, there are many ways to communicate on the Internet, the main of which are e-mail, forums, various conferences, chat rooms, network games and much more. But there are also a number of characteristic features of communication using computer networks.

Firstly, the possibility of simultaneous communication of a large number of people located in different parts of the world, and, consequently, living in different cultures; secondly, the impossibility of using most of the non-verbal means of communication and self-presentation; thirdly, the impoverishment of the emotional component of communication; and fourthly, anonymity and reduced psychological risk in the process of communication. These characteristics lead to the development of a kind of Internet etiquette, which contains the unspoken rules of communication, the so-called commandments, under which you can get both pleasure and benefit from virtual communication.

Undoubtedly, a positive trend in the development of Internet communication is the possibility of access from mobile phones and terminals.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Belinskaya E., Zhichkina A. Modern studies of virtual communication: problems, hypotheses, results. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2004. - 165 p.

2. Goryavsky Yu. Back to the future // Internet World. No. 10.- M., 2001.- 35 p.

3. Zhichkina A. Socio-psychological aspects of communication on the Internet. - M.: Dashkov and Co., 2004. - 117 p.

4. The art of communication on the Internet, or fairy tale therapy in action // PC World. - 2003. - 215 p.

5. Krol Ed. All About the Internet: Manual and Catalog. - Kyiv: BHV, 2002. - 156 p.

6. Matt Goff. Network educational program // Hacker special issue. - 2001. - No. 7.

7. . Based on the materials of the round table "Communicative Practices in Education". / Ed. S.I. - St. Petersburg:, 2004. - 465 p.

8. Petrova N.P. Computer Education: Unfavorable Prognosis? //Hard"n"Soft. - 2006. - N7.

Education. Communication. Values. (Problems, discussions, prospects)

Federal Agency for Education of the Russian Federation

State educational institution of higher professional education

St. Petersburg State Mining Institute. G.V. Plekhanov

(Technical University)

Department: History and political science.

ESSAY.

By discipline: Sociology and political science.

(name of the academic discipline according to the curriculum)

Topic: The Internet as a modern means of communication

Done: student gr. IZ-06-1 ______________ /Muravyova V.A./

(signature) (full name)

The date: __________________

CHECKED

Supervisor: docent __________ / Zavrazhin V. N. /

(position) (signature) (full name)

St. Petersburg

Introduction. four

Communication on the Internet: basic patterns. 5

1. The history of the Internet and the formation of its role in people's lives. 5

2. Features of communication via the Internet. 6

3. The main forms of communication on the Internet and their features. eight

3.1. Email. eight

3.2. Forums. 9

3.3. Chats. eleven

3.4. Internet pagers operating on the ICQ (I Seek You) protocol. 12

3.5. Blogs. 12

3.6. IP telephony is a modern means of communication between subscribers. 12

3.7. Other ways to communicate over the Internet. 13

4. Identity on the Internet. 13

5. The influence of the Internet on modern society. fifteen

Conclusion. 17

List of used literature. eighteen

Introduction.

Currently, there are quite a lot of different means and ways of communication in the world, and the Internet plays a huge role in this process. After all, communication is a way for people to interact with each other, and with the advent of the World Wide Web, this communication has gone beyond the boundaries of one house, city, and even one country.

E-mail, all kinds of forums and magazines organized in the network space, numerous Internet magazines and Internet newspapers, and so on, for many have become no less important aspect of everyday life than television or telephone.

Undoubtedly, for many years there were other means of transmitting information over distances (for example, mail, telephone, telegraph), but the inconveniences that participants in such communication often encountered force many to join the ranks of those who have already appreciated the benefits of the new world of digital technologies and the Internet, as the most significant thing in this world.

If we turn to the modern life of Western European countries and America, we can see that the Internet has already become so firmly established in the life of these people that the ideas of creating so-called "smart houses", which are controlled via the Internet, no longer seem to be something unattainable, and become no less real than going to a store, museum, library, without leaving your home and without even getting up from your chair.

Thus, the huge role of the Internet in everyday life, and in particular in communication, is becoming more and more obvious every day. Perhaps, in a few decades, every person, regardless of his age and social status, will have his own computer with a permanent connection to the Internet, an electronic mailbox or even a personal Internet page.

Communication on the Internet: basic patterns.

1. The history of the Internet and the formation of its role in people's lives.

The history of the Internet, in a sense, began in 1958, when, in response to the launch of the first satellite, the United States organized an organization called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency). She played a huge role in the creation of this new system connections. This organization originated within the US Department of Defense. In 1968, the first Network was built, based on modern Internet principles. Over the next ten years, many organizations and universities joined the ARPANET. By 1978, all the basic protocols (that is, the languages ​​of communication between computers) were developed, which are still used on the Internet. In 1989, the number of connected computers reached one hundred thousand. By the end of the 80s of the XX century, more than ten countries were connected to the Network. In 1991, the WWW (World Wide Web) technology was developed. By this point, ARPANET had already ceased to officially exist. It's time for the modern Internet. In 1991, Russia joined the Internet. By 1992, there were over a million computers on the Web. In 1993, the Web grew three and a half thousand times. Since then, the Web has reached a global reach, but has not fundamentally changed. Many new technologies were invented, communication channels improved, the number of computers increased to tens of millions, and the number of users to hundreds of millions. As a result, the Internet has gained publicity, and it has become commercially profitable not only for those who provide access to the Network.

From a technical point of view, the Internet is simply a collection of hosts scattered around the world (computers, each with its own unique IP address), interconnected. From a humanitarian point of view, the Internet is a new dimension of culture, a new way of storing and disseminating knowledge and information, even a new way of existence for humanity itself. The use of the Internet gives humanity unprecedented opportunities, but at the same time creates a lot of new problems.

From a humanitarian point of view, the use of the Internet in developed countries (USA, Western Europe) is mainly focused on commerce (promotion of goods), while in Russia and Ukraine the Internet performs a predominantly informational function (politics and news). This is due both to the difference in the circle of real users of network services, and to the peculiarities of the mentality of the population of different states. If we talk about the age aspect, then the new generation uses the Internet mainly as a means of communication and a medium for entertainment. As a new "virtual reality", the Internet has turned into a huge springboard for freedom of speech and has given rise to a mass of so-called "virtuals" - modest and quiet people in "ordinary" life, who, once online, immediately turn into zealous champions of various marginal movements. In this regard, the Internet has become a new means of self-expression, a way to escape from the gray reality, providing an opportunity to express themselves to many people who have not been able to find their place in real life.

2. Features of communication via the Internet.

Like other types of communication, Internet communication also has a number of some peculiar features. To identify these features, an initial study was conducted, which included observation, analysis of correspondence texts, conversations with users of various Internet applications that serve communication. In addition, a survey was conducted of network users aged 21 to 30 years with higher and incomplete higher education of different sex and professional affiliation.

Based on the study, the following assumptions were made about the features of communication via the Internet:

    Anonymity . This feature of communication via the Internet has a number of consequences. First, non-verbal means of communication lose their importance in communication. Despite the fact that in text communication it is possible to express one's feelings with the help of emoticons, the physical absence of communication participants in the act of communication leads to the fact that feelings can not only be expressed, but also hidden, as well as feelings that a person can express. currently not experiencing. On the Internet, people are less likely to be offended, because it is pointless there - you still can’t see how offended you are, on the Internet you can communicate with unattractive (outwardly) people, on the Internet you can talk on an equal footing with a person much older than you, and this does not interfere with communication. That is, on the Internet, as a result of the physical non-representation of communication partners to each other, a number of communication barriers lose their significance.

Another important consequence of the physical non-representation of a person in text communication is the ability to create any impression of oneself of one's choice. In a virtual environment, it is possible to create any image for yourself, look like you like, be a creature of any gender by choice, so a person does not have any restrictions characteristic of the material world.

The anonymity of communication on the Internet enriches the possibilities of self-presentation of a person, giving him the opportunity not only to create an impression of himself of his choice, but also to be who he wants. That is, the features of communication on the Internet allow a person to construct his identity according to his choice.

Despite the fact that it is sometimes possible to obtain some personal information and even a photograph of the interlocutor, they are insufficient for a real and more or less adequate perception of the person. Due to such anonymity and impunity, another feature is manifested in the network associated with a decrease in psychological and social risk in the process of communication - affective emancipation, non-normativeness and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication. A person in the network can and does show greater freedom of expression and actions (up to insults, obscene expressions, sexual harassment), since the risk of exposure and personal negative assessment by others is minimal.

2. The peculiarity of the processes of interpersonal perception in the absence of non-verbal information. As a rule, the mechanisms of stereotyping and identification, as well as the attitude as an expectation of the desired qualities in a partner, have a strong influence on the idea of ​​an interlocutor.

3. Voluntariness and desirability of contacts . The user voluntarily makes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

4. The difficulty of the emotional component of communication and, at the same time, a strong desire for the emotional content of the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in the description of emotions in words (in brackets after the main text of the message).

5. Striving for atypical, non-normative behavior . Often, users present themselves from a different angle than in the conditions of a real social norm, they lose roles, scenarios, and abnormal behavior that are not implemented in activities outside the network.

The reasons for turning to the Internet as a communication tool can be:

    Insufficient saturation with communication in real contacts . In such cases, users quickly lose interest in Internet communication, if there are opportunities to meet the relevant needs in real life.

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