activity, the result of which is the creation of new, original and more advanced material and spiritual values that have objective and/or subjective significance. (3)
Great Definition
Incomplete definition ↓
Creation
activity in which human development is limitless. It is creativity that provides him with the opportunity to activate himself. T. active interaction of the subject with the object, during which the subject changes the world around him, creates a new, socially significant in accordance with the requirements of objective laws. T. begins where it ceases to be only an answer, only a solution to a predetermined problem. At the same time, it remains both a solution and an answer, but at the same time there is something “beyond that” in it, which determines its qualitative status. T. everything created by man. Everything that causes the transition from non-existence to existence is T. and, therefore, the creation of any works of art and craft can be called T., and all creators - their creators (Plato). Such an approach to teaching was for ancient pedagogy at its best. The maeutic art of Socrates was based precisely on the offer of the possibility for the student to "remember" any true thought. This proposal has great pedagogical value, because it proceeds from the organic integrity of the student's personality. The process of thinking is really a "recollection" of the ability that was formed in the child in an objective way. Psychologically, this is perceived as surprise, indicating a collision with a contradiction. If in ancient philosophy and pedagogy t. is understood as the discovery of the new, and novelty is present in everything created by man, then “novelty” in the interpretation of I. Kant is something rare and kept secret. "Novelty" here becomes a source and a means of revitalizing attention. T. is becoming more and more subjective and transforms from a universal into a partial human ability T. constructive activity to create something new. T. potential is inherent in a person, but the level of its implementation is determined by value orientations, motives, personality orientation, its abilities, and the conditions in which it develops. A view of man as an evolving being, creatively self-determining and self-transforming, as a subject of planetary and cosmic transformative action determines the essence of the anthological approach to the study of technology as a mechanism of development; as one of the forms of metamorphic renewal of matter based on psychic forces (V.N. Nikolko, A.P. Tryapitsyna); as a driving force for the development of society and its environment, the creation of the noosphere (A.G. Shumilin); as a manifestation of the need for life in situations with uncertain decisions, unpredictable and unexpected results (V.S. Shubinsky), as the basis for development, movement, change (Ya.I. Ponomarev and others). T. - one of the forms of renewal of the world (A. Bergson, V.I. Vernadsky), closes the pyramid of innovative movements in nature, the most important genus-forming factor of mankind. Man as a species cannot exist if he does not create, since his ability to T. is born from the need to maintain his human existence (A.L. Nikiforov, V.A. Panturin). Consequently, the absence of this need in an individual, its "attenuation" leads to degradation. Only in T. and through T. will a person rise above his natural state. A person capable of T. is original and unique (V.D. Gubin, V.A. Karakovsky). T. serves as the basis for development, acts as a type of determination, complements labor and includes activity as a form of human participation in it (V.I. Nikolko). At the level of a single individual, creativity acts as a dialectical unity of the “internal” (the creation of oneself) and the “external” (creativity of the surrounding activity). Each individual is a carelessly open potentiality with a huge degree of freedom. T. thinking in its highest form, going beyond the limits required for solving the problem that has already arisen known ways. T. with dominance in the process of thinking manifests itself as imagination. Being a component of the goal and method of activity, it raises it to the level of creative activity as a prerequisite for mastery and initiative. T. with various degrees of its severity can manifest itself in any type of activity and is associated with a hierarchy of experiences - from interest through passion and inspiration to insight. At the highest manifestation of T., inspiration dominates in the mind, up to insight, in the personality - the need for activity, and in activity - the desire to achieve new, previously unset goals by new, previously untested means.
Neuroscience paints a complex picture of creativity. Scientists now understand that the nature of creativity is much more complex than differences in right- or left-sided brain orientation (left = rational and analytical, right = creative and emotional). In fact, creativity is believed to be associated with a number of cognitive processes, nerve impulses and emotions, and we still do not have a complete understanding of how the creative mind works.
From a psychological point of view, creative personality types are difficult to define. They are complex, paradoxical and tend to avoid routine. And this is not just a stereotype of a "tortured artist". Research has shown that creativity involves the interaction of many traits, behaviors and social influences in one person.
« In fact, creative people have a harder time getting to know themselves because they are harder than non-creative people. Scott Barry Kaufman, a New York University psychologist who has spent years researching creativity, told the Huffington Post. " What is the most paradoxical thing about a creative person ... these people have a more chaotic mind».
There is no "typical" portrait of a creative person, but there is characteristics in the behavior of creative people. Here are 18 points that are characteristic of them.
They dream
Creative people are dreamers, despite the fact that their school teachers may have said that dreaming is a waste of time.
Kaufman and psychologist Rebecca L. Macmillan, who also co-authored a paper titled “ Ode to Positive Creative Dreaming”, believe that mind wandering can help in the process "creative incubation". And, of course, many from experience know that best ideas visit us when mentally we are in a completely different place.
Neuroscientists have found that imagination involves the same brain processes that are associated with fantasy and creativity.
They notice everything
A creative person sees opportunities everywhere and constantly absorbs information that becomes food for creative self-expression. As Henry James is often quoted, a writer is one from whom "nothing escapes".
Joan Didion always carried a notebook with her and said that she wrote down observations about people and events, which ultimately helped her to better understand the complexities and contradictions of her own mind.
They have their own opening hours.
Many great masters admit that they create their best work either very early in the morning or late in the evening. Vladimir Nabokov began to write as soon as he woke up at 6 or 7 in the morning, and Frank Lloyd Wright made it a habit to wake up at 3 or 4 in the morning and work for several hours before going back to bed. Highly creative people don't stick to a standard daily routine.
They find time for solitude
« To be open to creativity, one must have the ability to make constructive use of solitude. You have to overcome the fear of being alone.", - wrote the American existential psychologist Rollo May.
Artists and creatives are often stereotyped as loners when in fact they may not be. Privacy can be the key to creating the best work. Kaufman attributes this to imagination - we should give ourselves time to just daydream.
« You need to get in touch with your inner voice in order to be able to express yourself. It's hard to hear your inner creative voice if you're...not in touch with yourself and thinking about yourself." he says.
They "digest" life's barriers
Many of the most iconic stories and songs of all time were created under the influence of heartbreaking pain. Often problems became a catalyst for the creation of outstanding works. In psychology, this is called post-traumatic growth, which suggests that people are able to use their hardships and early life traumas for significant creative growth. Researchers have found that trauma can help a person succeed in interpersonal relationships, in satisfaction with life, in the growth of spirituality, personal strength and in the opening of new opportunities.
They are looking for new experiences.
Creative people love to experience new impressions, sensations and states of mind, and this is an important predetermining factor for creative results.
« Openness to new experiences is the strongest predictor of creative achievement.', says Kaufman. " There are many different interrelated aspects here: intellectual curiosity, thrill seeking, openness to emotions and imagination. And all together - this is the engine for knowing and exploring the world, both internal and external ".
They fail
Durability - practically required quality for creative success, says Kaufman. Failure often lurks creative person, at least a few times, but creatives - at least successful ones - learn not to lament over it.
"Creative people fail, but really good people fail often", - wrote in Forbes Stephen Kotler in an excerpt about the creative genius of Einstein.
They ask important questions
Creative people are insatiably curious. They tend to prefer to explore life and even when they grow up, they retain the interest of the discoverer. Through active conversations or individual mental reflections, creatives constantly ask themselves a lot of questions as they look at the world.
They watch people
Natural observation and interest in other people's lives sometimes helps to generate the best of ideas.
« Marcel Proust spent almost his entire life observing people, he wrote down his remarks, and this found an outlet in his books., says Kaufman. "For many writers, people-watching is very important...".
They take risks
Part of being creative requires taking risks, and many successful creatives have to take risks in various aspects of life.
« There is a deep and meaningful connection between risk taking and creativity and this is often overlooked. writes Steven Kotler in Forbes. " Creativity is the act of creating something out of nothing. It requires the disclosure of what at first existed only in the imagination. Such an occupation is not for the timid. Wasted time, tarnished reputation, wasted money - ... These are all side effects when creativity goes awry».
They see everything in life as an opportunity for self-expression.
Nietzsche believed that life and the world should be seen as a work of art. Creative individuals are constantly looking for opportunities to express themselves in everyday life.
« Creative expression is self-expression. Creativity is nothing more than a private expression of your needs, desires and uniqueness., says Kaufman.
They follow their true passion
Creative people tend to be intrinsically motivated. This means that they act out of some inner desire rather than outward desire for reward or recognition.
Psychologists say that creative people get excited by exciting activities, which is a sign of intrinsic motivation. Research shows that simply thinking about your own reasons for doing something can be stimulating enough to boost creativity.
They go beyond their own mind
Kaufman argues that the ability to dream is still necessary in order to help us move beyond conventional vision and explore other ways of thinking that can be an important asset for creativity.
« Dreaminess develops to allow us to let go of the present.', says Kaufman. " The brain network associated with daydreaming is the brain network associated with theory of mind. I like to call it the "imagination network" - it allows you to imagine yourself in the future, as well as imagine other people's thoughts..
They lose their sense of time
Creative individuals may find that when they write, dance, draw, or otherwise express themselves, they find themselves " in a state of flux which helps them to create at the highest level. It is a mental state where a person goes beyond conscious thought to achieve a state of heightened concentration and calmness. Then he is practically not subject to either internal or external stimuli that can interfere with his activities.
You find yourself " in a state of flux when you are doing something that you really like, that makes you feel good.
They surround themselves with beauty
Creators tend to have excellent taste and love to be in beautiful surroundings.
A study recently published in the journal Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts found that musicians, including music teachers and soloists, demonstrate a high sensitivity and receptivity to artistic beauty.
We often associate our activity with creativity. It penetrates into all spheres of life, it is through the non-trivial solution of issues that humanity moves forward. The creative process is also important at work. Its elements are present in every profession: there are a number of crafts where creativity is in exceptional positions. About such professions in this article will be discussed.
Features of creative professions
People often choose creative professions based on their hobbies. It can be difficult to simply teach such a craft: the qualities of a character who want to work in this area are important here. Talent and charisma - you can't do without them.
Busy with creativity, they hardly chose their career spontaneously. Usually, the talents needed for this show up from a very young age. The main thing is to see them and evaluate them correctly. Becoming on the path of art, no one thinks about the rationality of their choice - the only adviser will be the soul.
Creative professions list
There are arts and crafts where only creativity is in the process. There are also specialties that include other elements, such as the technical side. Both can be included in the following list:
- Actor is one of the professions that come to mind when art is mentioned. What is visible to the viewer? Ovations and glory. But in order to achieve them, you need to make incredible efforts. The whole life of an actor consists of rehearsals, preparation for roles, training. Any artist has the duty to be an example for many. His speech is rich and beautiful. The figure of the body should not differ from the constitution of the best athletes. For these reasons, the actor is not a profession, it is a way of life that will suit those who cannot imagine themselves without acting on stage;
- Musician. Music is the world. Without music, our days would fade, and the most joyful or tragic moments in them would cease to be such. Music is a language, on a par with all the languages of the world, but capable of conveying the composer's thoughts, which without words will be understandable both to a contemporary and to people through the centuries. You can't just write a beautiful melody. It must be experienced, and then it will pierce the heart of every listener;
- Producer. You can become a director by studying at the relevant universities. But not everyone can win the right to be one of the best. You need to be a genius in your craft, and then the whole world will know the name. Cinema today is, first of all, an object for investment, so a famous director will become at least rich;
- The hairdresser must also be highly creative;
- The photographer is the same artist, only the exposure control and color correction on the camera become his brush, and his whole world around him becomes his canvas.
creative profession designer
Designer. This profession is very popular. It is not surprising, because the literacy rate of the population is growing, and along with it, aesthetic needs are increasing. There are many directions in design: interior design, landscape design, fashion design and others. The earnings of a designer directly depend on the level of his skill and on the popularity of his name.
Creative profession artist
Another profession that has taken its place in art for more than a thousand years is the artist. During this time, hundreds of styles have changed, but the need for art is only growing. In artistic activity, a person strengthens his individuality more and more over the years. Over time, the name of the artist becomes his handwriting: techniques, materials, color, choice of plot, peculiar only to his works.
Teacher profession creative
Such a common profession as a teacher is also creative. Needless to say: not everyone can teach in such a way that students are proud and remember their teacher all their lives. After all, what is the learning process? The process of transferring one's abstract thoughts about an object into the words of an existing verbal language. There is no need to prove that even the richest languages of the world will not be able to convey all the versatility of thought. And to describe a complex extraordinary idea, you need to resort to creative talent. In addition, the teacher needs to ideally understand the essence of the object itself, which he is going to teach. The work of a teacher is enormous, as is the respect for him. All good teachers are first of all people of an idea.
Creative professions for girls
History shows how, over the centuries, artists, musicians, writers, often male, became famous. However, over the past centuries, during the period of industrialization of society, a certain stereotype has gradually developed, in which women are represented as representatives of the creative profession. Perhaps this happened because building up progress required a lot of physical effort that only men who had to leave creativity could make. Time has passed, and muscular strength has lost such significance: now adherents of art can be found equally among women and men. Speaking of girls, we can say that absolutely any direction of creative activity will become subject to them.
Problems of creative professions
One of the problems of choosing a creative specialty is the difficulty of learning this craft: many fail to master this task. Often these jobs are low paying. There are times when a person of art completely becomes unclaimed for any period, or for life, and this can be a severe blow. Another important aspect is that very many people will not be able to understand anyone's art. However, there are no barriers for truly creative people, because, as already mentioned, art is a way of life.
This material will help in preparing an essay, report or presentation about creative professions.
Perhaps you will be interested.
Creativity is an activity that results in a product that is original. Now they are starting to move away from this definition and consider creativity in the broad and narrow sense of the word.
AT broad sense creativity is defined as the creation by man of an actively transformed reality.
That is, a specific person creates a new discovery specific for himself when he builds his world and uses his abilities, knowledge and skills in the process of this construction. In this case, the novelty that a person creates does not consist in an objectively new end result, but in the independent creation of a system of relationships with the world, in the transformation of this world. The world is understood not necessarily as a material world, but, first of all, as a social world of activity, a world of relations. Thus, creativity becomes a central link in human development. And every person creates
AT narrow sense, Creativity is an activity that results in creation of new material or spiritual values.
How creativity differs from objective activity. The main sign of activity is the correspondence of the result of the activity to the goal, and the creative act is characterized by a mismatch between the idea and the result. Creativity can arise in activity as a by-product. The main thing in creativity is not external activity, but internal.
Signs of a creative act:
1) unconsciousness;
2) spontaneity, suddenness;
3) uncontrollability by will and mind;
4) altered state of consciousness;
5) excitement.
Personal aspect of creativity. A person has abilities, motives, knowledge and skills, thanks to which she creates a product that is distinguished by novelty, originality and uniqueness (uniqueness). The study of these abilities, knowledge and motives made it possible to identify the most important of them for the creative process: 1. Imagination. 2. Intuition. 3. The need of the individual for self-actualization.
Imagination creativity by its very nature.
Intuition(from lat. Inueri - intently, carefully, look) - knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions for its receipt, due to which the subject has it as a result of "direct discretion". Intuition is treated as a specific ability (for example, artistic or scientific intuition); and as a "holistic coverage" of the conditions problem situation(sensual, intellectual intuition); and as a mechanism for creative activity (creative intuition). Intuition presupposes the ability to single out at an unconscious level the most essential properties of the studied phenomena, objects, hidden from direct observation.
The need of the individual for self-actualization. For some authors, it is transformed into a need for meaning, and even a need for the meaning of life. It either does not occur at all, or occurs at any age. If it does not arise, there is no impetus for creativity. In a broad sense, a person is forced to create, but in a narrow sense he does not want to. It is the need of the individual for self-actualization, when satisfied, that allows the individual to expand its creative possibilities.
Many creative individuals note a special mental state called inspiration as a necessary component of creativity.
Creativity is an integral part of a person. Someone chooses creative work as the basis of their life, others use it from time to time. What is creativity? How to discover and develop creative abilities in yourself? What is the difference between a creative person and an ordinary person? Is it possible to say that there is a psychology of creativity that goes beyond the usual perception? Let's try to understand these issues together.
What is creativity?
Creativity is the process of creating something new, not previously seen in the world. It is not only about works of art or architectural masterpieces. This is clearly creativity, but the definition this concept much wider. After all, even a couple of written lines in the schoolgirl's blog is already something new for this world.
Creativity can be viewed both globally and at the everyday level.
There are the following types of creativity:
- Artistic - visualizes inner experiences person;
- Decorative and applied - transforms the world around;
- Musical - allows you to feel the rhythm and reproduce beautiful sounds;
- Scientific and technical - makes scientific discoveries and unexpected inventions;
- Philosophical - accompanies the search for thinkers and sages;
- Social - improves legal, cultural and other relationships in society;
- Entrepreneurial - helps in the successful development of a business;
- Spiritual - gives the ideological foundations of society;
- Everyday life - increases a person's ability to adapt to emerging circumstances;
- Sports and gaming - associated with the non-standard implementation of the necessary tactical and technical elements.
There is a similar concept of creativity. Many consider it and creativity synonymous. Since these two words exist in the Russian language, it would be more correct to allocate their own ecological niche to each of them. Trying to separate creativity and creativity, the definition of the latter sounds like the process of creating something new. Creativity is the ability of a person to create something new. In the first case, we are talking about the action, in the second - about the property.
You can also meet such a classification, where creativity is a broader concept, and creativity is considered as directed creativity, that is, in response to a certain need.
For example, if a girl is abandoned by a young man, and she, sobbing into a pillow, writes poetry, this will be an act of creativity. If an advertising agency creative is asked to come up with a new toothbrush, then tears and poetry will not be useful to him. It should be a finished product, and creativity will help in this.
What is a creative person?
A creative person is a creator who creates something new. Moreover, “new” means not only creation, but also destruction, because creative work is sometimes associated with the destruction of existing forms.
For example, a game of bowling, when an athlete with the help of a ball must destroy lined pins, but the approach to the game itself can be very creative.
Inclinations for certain types of activities arise at the stage embryonic development a person, but directly creative abilities appear after birth. It is desirable to ensure the child's harmonious development, including creative work. Drawing, dancing, arts and crafts, etc. The more multifaceted a person develops, the easier it will be for him to adapt in adulthood.
Creativity in psychology occupies a special place, because thanks to it you can correct a number of psychosomatic disorders. There is even such a direction as art therapy - the use of elements of creativity for medicinal purposes. This once again emphasizes the importance of this topic.
But how to understand that a person has creative abilities? Are there signs by which a creative person can be identified?
Signs of a creative person
You can recognize that we have a creative person in front of us by at least seven distinguishing features:
- The ability to see more than others;
- striving for beauty;
- Free expression of their emotions and feelings;
- The ability to fantasize;
- Propensity to take risks and rash actions;
- Reverent attitude to their works;
- Following your dream.
A creative person will not put material wealth above his fantasies and goals. Many authors spend years of their lives creating their works without even realizing, in the long run, whether they will be able to make money on them. The psychology of creativity is more based on satisfaction with the result or the creative process itself than on the opportunity to get rich.
Although, you should not think that a creative person will go penniless for his soul. Talented people can achieve recognition among their contemporaries. And by doing what you love, you can make money.
An important property that defines creativity is the ability to see what is hidden from other people. After all, in order to create something new, you need to imagine it, see it in your fantasies. Some look at the sky and see clouds, while others see white-maned horses. Everyone hears the noise of the engine, and someone recognizes in it the beginning of their new musical composition.
The ability and desire to fantasize determines creativity in all its forms and manifestations. Before the master creates another sculpture, it must appear in his head. And even a new original wrestling technique is often carried out mentally, and only then it is performed on the carpet.
How to develop creative abilities?
Like any other skill, creativity can also be strengthened and developed. First, you need to understand your skills and interests. Secondly, practice more in this activity. For example, it's stupid to go to a dance if you want to learn how to draw, or vice versa. Thirdly, never stop there and improve all the time. Fourth, surround yourself with the same enthusiastic people. Fifth, believe in yourself and your talent.
Creativity helps people to fulfill themselves better, to cope with daily tasks more effectively and to be different from others. A creative person will always succeed, no matter what kind of activity she chooses. That is why it is always worth developing your creative abilities, not neglecting them in favor of other life priorities. A person must develop harmoniously and creativity is an important part of this process.