All children who enter school have to write. And not everyone, unfortunately, does it equally well. The fact is that writing is a difficult skill that requires good preparation of the small muscles of the child’s hand to perform clear, well-coordinated movements, as well as the ability to control their own actions for quite a long time.

Preparation for school. Hand position.

Not all children different reasons, the muscles of the hands are quite strong and developed. That is why it is necessary to take certain actions from an early age to “set the hand” of the child. You will be surprised, but you can start as early as 3 years of age. The favorite toy of all kids - the spinning top - will help you with this.

Yula is inexpensive, but brings incredible benefits to the crumbs in strengthening muscles. Yula can teach several ways to grip her handle, which will later come in handy in the process of learning to write. During the game with the spinning top, the baby needs to strain his arms and quite quickly perform certain power movements. If you see that your three-four-year-old child is having a hard time playing with the top, beware. This means that the baby's muscles are weakened, possibly formed incorrectly, and without certain preparatory exercises, the child will have difficulty learning to write.

Therefore, before teaching children to write, you need to prepare their hand for the actual process of writing, since these tasks are completely different from each other. Various assistants can help in this matter - books, toys, manuals, which can be purchased both on the manufacturer's website and in stores.

Preparing a hand for writing involves several steps:

• learning to work with hands (various kinds). This means: the development of motor skills, eye, spatial orientation, attention, the ability to work carefully, finish any business, and not leave it halfway.
• the formation of a sense of rhythm - learning to coordinate movement and words in compliance with a certain rhythm;
• learning drawing and graphic works - coloring, drawing by cells, hatching, etc.
• formation of the correct orientation in space - orientation on the working surface (for example, on a paper sheet).

Hand exercises in preparing the hand for writing

There are a number effective exercises in order to prepare the baby's hand for the process of writing. Here are some of them.

Exercise "Pianist"

The kid puts the pens on the hard surface of the table, palms down. It is necessary to raise the fingers in turn. First we raise the fingers of one hand, then the other. We repeat the exercise in reverse, i.e. from the other hand.

An exercise "New wave"

The baby's hands lie on a hard surface, as in exercise 1. Only now you need to raise your fingers one after another on different hands at the same time. You should start with the little fingers.

An exercise "Paperclip"

The kid should strain the middle and index fingers and squeeze the pencil between them so that it does not slip out. Then you need to lower and raise your fingers, trying not to slip the pencil.

An exercise "Magic Wands»

Counting sticks, pencils, tubes, pens in the amount of 10 or 15 pieces are laid out on a hard surface. It requires dexterity from the baby in order to collect all the sticks in turn, using only one hand, and then lay them out again in turn on the work surface. It is important to collect and lay out the sticks exactly one at a time. And you can't help yourself with the other hand.

An exercise "Dexterous steps"

Tighten your middle and index fingers again and squeeze the pencil between them so that it does not slip out (as in exercise 3). It is better to hold the writing set at the level of the second phalanges of the fingers. Now with this pencil, so that it does not fall, we make very small movements (steps) on the working surface of the table with our fingers. You need to “go through the entire available surface within the territory where the baby’s hand reaches.

An exercise "Mill"

Tighten your index and middle fingers again and squeeze the pencil between them, but only its very tip. The baby is required to turn his hand so that he can grab the other, free, tip of the pencil with his other hand. The pencil seems to rotate. In this case, the direction of the writing instrument should be observed from the chest. It is necessary to ensure that the baby makes at least 7 revolutions. But the more the better.

An exercise "Ball"

The kid needs to use his imagination and imagine that he has a small ball in his palms. Now this imaginary ball needs to be rolled from side to side.

Very often, when learning to write, children experience the so-called "writer's spasm." This is when, in the process of writing, their fingers begin to go numb and painful conditions appear, which discourages the future first grader from learning to write at all. This phenomenon can be prevented with a simple exercise.

An exercise "Friendship"

In a sitting position, the baby should put the handles at eye level, connecting the palms with each other. Then one palm must be moved a little down, and the fingers of the other hand should be bent and, as it were, hug the fingers of the palm moved down. Before performing such manual “hugs”, we inhale through the nose, and exhale directly during the exercise. You need to do the exercise with two hands in turn, 10-15 times.

We also consider it necessary to mention that, before teaching your baby, it is necessary to determine his leading hand. Now left-handedness or hidden left-handedness is much more common than it was before. This is important because left-handers have a completely different distribution of functions between the hemispheres of the brain.

What is hidden leftism?

This term characterizes children who write with their right hand, but their leading hemisphere remains the right one, as in those children who write with their left hand. It is the hidden left-handers who, most often, experience difficulties in learning at school.

Right-handed or left-handed?

There are many ways to determine a child's dominant hand. For example, you can ask the baby to unscrew the cap on the bottle, erase something with an eraser, give him a spoon or some object and ask him to take it, use scissors, transfer something from one box to another. Experts advise giving kids unusual and unexpected tasks for them that they were not taught in order to see a more natural reaction from the children. That is, it is assumed that in an unprepared situation, the child will perform the task in a way that is convenient for him.

The hand with which the baby will perform such tasks is his leading one.

Left-handed children, hidden left-handers and those who use the same right and left hands require special attention in the process of preparing and learning to write.

It should be remembered that exercises with preschoolers must be performed using a simple pencil where it is required.

What helps prepare your hand for writing?

We suggest you familiarize yourself with the list of the most effective activities in preparing your baby's hand for writing:

• mosaic games;
• constructors (especially those where you can screw various screws and nuts);
• work with paper, wire (beads, crafts, garlands, origami, etc.);
• weaving of bracelets, laces, beadwork, etc.;
• crocheting and knitting;
• embroidery;
• sewing and sewing (buttons, for example);
• cutting with scissors;
• the use of coloring books, drawing (including chalk);
• manual labor: burning, sawing, modeling,.

How do you know if a child's hand is ready or not ready for writing?

Your child has not yet received sufficient training if:

• does not know how to hatch images without going beyond the drawing;
• cannot repeat the drawing of a circle after you: depicts an oval with many trembling broken lines or it turns out to be a small circle;
• fixes the brush motionless on a sheet of paper;
• constantly flips images.

If you see that the child is not ready for the process of learning to write, continue to perform regularly with him the exercises that we offer in this article.

How to hold a pen

It is also important to pay attention to how to hold the pen correctly. Invite the child to write something and watch how he takes the pencil. False if the child:

• holds her fingers as if she wants to salt food, i.e. pinch;
• clamps the pen in his fist;
• the writing set is located on the surface of the index finger, instead of the middle one;
• the end of the writing instrument points to the side, and not to the shoulder of the writer;
• the child's fingers are located at the wrong distance from the stylus (close or, conversely, far from it).

A distorted hand position when writing will interfere with the correct development of this important process, so it is necessary to start training to correct the situation. We bring to your attention a very effective corrective exercise for such a case called "House for letters."

Exercise "House for letters"

An adult needs to take the pen correctly, but only move his fingers a little higher from the stylus (approximately 2 cm). After that, you need to release the index finger so that the pencil is held only by the middle and thumb. And the index at this time can perform any free movements and even tap on the surface of the writing instrument. Have your child repeat the same. We are sure that such visibility will be the most understandable for the child, and the problem will be removed before it appears.

Preparing a hand for writing in preschool children is a lengthy and complex process. It has several stages and does not start at 6 or 7 years old, but from a very young age. You need to prepare your baby for writing for the simple reason that when the time comes to learn this skill, it will be easier for the child. He will quickly master the mechanical actions, the principles of writing words on paper.

The main goals of preparing children 5-6 years old for writing

In the development of skills, adults strive to get the child to write beautifully. However, perfect handwriting is a secondary task. More important goals in preparing the hand for writing in preschool children:

• develop muscles in the arms;
• develop finger mobility - fine motor skills;
• to teach the child to understand the difference between the left / right side;
• develop coordination and spatial orientation;
• teach you to sit comfortably while writing, keep your posture, lay out your hands correctly;
• development of a sense of rhythm.

Such a simple activity as writing requires the active participation of not only the fingers of the writing hand, but also the hand, forearm, even shoulder. In preschoolers, the muscles of the hands can still be poorly developed, so the physical development of a child of 5-6 years old is one of the main areas of preparing a hand for writing.

Why is it important to develop the ability to determine the side (left, right), the ability to navigate in space? One of the most common mistakes in a letter, this is an incorrect reproduction of letters (for example, "Є" instead of "E"). Understanding the concepts of "left side", "right side" helps to avoid such mistakes. Spatial thinking is an indispensable skill in writing. It is needed so that the child can write strictly within the outlined line, not go beyond the margins, so that his letters do not “jump”.

For many, it is probably not clear how a sense of rhythm turned out to be on the list of the main elements of preparing a hand for writing for children of 6-7 years old. It will be very useful for the baby when he writes dictations. The consistency of the mechanical action with the text depends on the rhythm.

In addition to these abilities, accuracy and attentiveness, diligence and purposefulness are useful in writing.

Development of fine motor skills in preparation for writing

An experienced teacher will teach graphic skills to children aged 6-7 at school. So far, parents are only faced with the task of preparing a child's hand for the upcoming work.

What tasks for preparing the hand for writing are practiced in teaching preschoolers? We offer several exercises that any kid will like:

1. Fun gymnastics for fingers. These are simple exercises, they are performed accompanied by verses. They develop hand motor skills well, help the development of speech and artistic inclinations.
2. Modeling. The benefits of modeling plasticine, clay or dough are very great. Modeling trains the fingers, makes the hands strong. At the same time, the baby learns perseverance, develops his creative talents.
3. Games with beads and other small items. It is good to combine such preparation of the hand for writing with teaching oral counting.
4. Cutting out. When a child learns to use scissors, his hand will become stronger, and his movements will be more confident.
5. Coloring. In this handwriting exercise, children learn to hold a pen, feel the boundaries (spatial thinking), strengthen different muscles of the hand by moving the pencil in different directions.

In principle, any kind of applied art (origami, puzzles, drawing, knitting, embroidery) is useful for developing motor skills, preparing a child’s hand for writing.

The best methods for preparing a preschooler's hand for writing

Experts are sure that drawing has the strongest effect in preparing for writing. This type of exercise develops a whole range of the following skills, abilities that the baby will later need to master the art of writing and more:

• ability to hold a tool;
• development of coordination, visual attention;
• synchronous work of the hemispheres (visual-figurative, logical and abstract thinking);
• strengthening the muscles of the fingers and hands and, as a result, the activation of thought processes, the development of speech, intelligence.

second stage and effective method prepare a child of 6-7 years old for writing - training skills using special recipes. Classes in such notebooks are needed to train graphic skills, spatial thinking, and accuracy.

In general, writing requires a high concentration of attention and accuracy in performing specific actions from the child. Therefore, preparing the hand for writing in the preparation for school of children 5, 6 and 7 years old is an important part mental development child. She needs special attention. Parents are required to:

• create conditions for normal development;
• make training sessions varied and interesting;

Do not forget to praise the baby for efforts.

Work program for preparing the hand for writing

Explanatory note

Relevance

“The history of a child’s writing begins much earlier than the moment when the teacher puts a pencil in his hands for the first time and shows him how to write letters,” said the famous Russian psychologist L.S. Vygotsky.

Writing is a complex skill involving the execution of fine, coordinated hand movements. The writing technique requires the coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and the whole arm, as well as well-developed visual perception and voluntary influence.

The issue of preparing preschoolers for writing skills is part of the problem of preparing for schooling, which every year, in the light of changes in the content school programs are becoming more and more relevant. Parents and teachers are concerned about the question of how to ensure the full development of the child at preschool age, how to properly prepare him for school.

Teachers note that first-graders often experience serious difficulties in mastering writing skills. Many children are afraid of a pen, hold it incorrectly, cannot navigate in a notebook, when drawing, painting, they actively turn the sheet of paper in different directions, depict too small objects on the sheet.

Preparing for writing is one of the most difficult steps in preparing a child for systematic learning. This is due to psychophysiological features 5-6 summer child, on the one hand, and with the process of writing itself, on the other hand. The writing process itself is extremely complex, requiring the development of the mechanisms necessary for mastering writing, creating conditions for the child to accumulate motor and practical experience, and develop manual skills.

Goal and tasks :Help older children preschool age prepare your hand for writing and form certain graphic skills to master the basic skills of calligraphy at school.

Develop hand-eye coordination, thinking, attention, memory, speech, auditory perception.

To form patience, diligence, perseverance, the desire to study at school.

Program features

The program is designed taking into account age, psychological features a child of senior preschool age and is aimed specifically at preparing the hand for writing, and not teaching it. At the same time, technical skills are formed: proper handling of writing instruments, coordination of hand movements when writing, compliance with hygienic rules of writing; graphic skills.

The leading game activity of preschoolers is taken into account. All tasks, exercises are presented in the form of games. This allows children to build the learning process in an accessible form, maintain their interest in classes and more easily master complex skills and abilities.

The gradual mastering of heterogeneous graphic movements will form graphic skills correctly, develop visual-motor coordination, and in the future will serve as a good basis for mastering the basic skills of calligraphy at school.

Performing a variety of finger games, graphic tasks and trainings contributes not only to the improvement of finely coordinated movements of the fingers and hands, their arbitrariness, but also to the development of speech.

Age of students - 5-7 years.

Features of children of this age group

• Functional imperfection of the child's hand. The ossification of the wrist and phalanges of the fingers is not completed, the small muscles of the hand are poorly developed, and the coordination of finger movements. There is an incomplete range of motion and fatigue.
• Lack of skill in working with writing objects, when Small child focuses its attention not on the correct grip of the tool (pencil, brush, pen, etc.), but on the point of contact between the writing object and paper, which makes it difficult for the free movement of the writing hand.
• Wrong posture when drawing and writing - this leads to rapid fatigue of the muscles of the neck and back, increases the load on the visual analyzer.
• Low ability to voluntary regulation of movements, imperfection of visual-motor coordination, which explains the lack of accuracy and speed of movements, the difficulty of completing them on a signal.

Terms of the program implementation: long-term

Form and mode of organization of the educational process:

Mode of study: 2 lessons per week for 30 minutes.

Form of classes: by subgroups (8-10 children in a subgroup)

Methods and means:

Conversation, explanation, demonstration, guessing riddles.

Finger gymnastics, self-massage of the palms and fingers, outdoor games, finger games with objects

Graphic exercises

Expected results and ways to measure their effectiveness:

By the end of the year, children are expected to develop and improve:

Fine motor skills of hands (gymnastic development, hand-eye coordination: development of drawing technique, mastery of shading);

Large movements and ability to control your body;

« - spatial and temporal representations (orientation on a sheet, in space - on the example of one's own body, orientation in time);

Active speech, vocabulary;

Thinking, memory, attention, visual and auditory perception;

Skills of educational activity (the ability to listen, understand and fulfill the verbal instructions of the teacher, act according to the model and the rule).

The work of children is evaluated during the entire period of study. Evaluating them, the teacher takes into account the individual characteristics of each child. The main indicator of the obtained results is the sum necessary knowledge, skills and abilities that the child must master in a certain time. Evaluation criteria can be games during classes, allowing children to evaluate their own achievements, as well as test tasks at the beginning and end of the school year, which determine the level of their development.

Funds for the implementation of the program:board, furniture appropriate for the height of children, an album with unlined paper, a pen, pencils, colored pencils, scissors, colored paper, game aids (beans, peas, pebbles, counting sticks, rubber swords, balls of thread, clothespins, thin shoelaces, sponge ), handouts, checkered notebook, narrow ruled notebook.

Program content is mastered by children especially productively if communication is maintained with educators, teachers of fine arts, and there is understanding and assistance from parents.

Working with parents:

1. Conversations, consultations about the features of the psycho-physiological development of children 5-7 years old, about the features and originality of children's thinking.
2. Small homework assignments for parents and children.
3. Learning finger gymnastics.

Forward planning.

Preparing your hand for writing: a system of exercises to prepare the hand for writing, tasks for the development of manual skills for children of older preschool age, the readiness of the child's hand for writing.

Preparing your hand for writing

Letter- this is a difficult skill for a child that requires finely coordinated movements, well-coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand, the ability to concentrate, and the ability to control one's activities. Learning to write is a time-consuming process that usually takes place in the first months of children's stay at school. However, in the preschool years in the family, and in kindergarten a lot can be done to prepare the baby for this process and make it easier for the future first-grader to master writing.
It is important to prepare the hand for writing in the preschool years, and not to teach the child to write. These are two completely different tasks!

Preparing a hand for writing at preschool age includes several areas:

— development of hand skills(creating crafts, designing, drawing, modeling, which develop fine motor skills, eye, accuracy, the ability to complete the work begun, attention, spatial orientation),

— development in children of a sense of rhythm, the ability to coordinate the word and movement in a certain rhythm,

— development of graphic skills(this happens during the drawing process and graphic works- drawing by cells, coloring, shading and other types of tasks),
— development of spatial orientation(the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper: on the right, on the left, in the upper right corner, in the middle, in the top line, in the bottom line) - read more about the system of entertaining games for the development of spatial orientation in the article "Orientation in space".

Preparing your hand for writing: a system of exercises for fingers

Below I give one of the sets of exercises for preparing the hand for writing, developed by T.V. Fadeeva. The names of the exercises were invented by me in joint work with children. You can come up with your own names.

First exercise. "Put your fingers up." Hands are on the table with palms down. You need to raise your fingers one at a time, first on one hand, then on the other. Then the exercise is repeated in reverse order.

Second exercise. "Get on the charger!" The hands are in the same position. You need to take turns raising your fingers on both hands at once. We start with the little fingers, end with the thumbs.

Third exercise. "Vanka - stand up." The child pinches the pencil with the middle and index fingers. Then the fingers begin to "do exercises", that is, go down and up with the pencil. When moving, you need to keep your fingers together and not drop the pencil.

Fourth exercise. "Put the sticks in the basket." Place 10-15 counting sticks on the table. If they are not there, you can replace them with pencils or other objects of the same shape (cocktail sticks, and so on). The task is to collect all the sticks one by one into a fist with one hand, without helping with the second hand. Then put them on the table one by one.

Fifth exercise. "Steps". Let's walk on the table with our fingers. We clamp the pencil between the index and middle fingers (the pencil adheres to the second phalanx of the fingers). And in this position we take steps with our fingers on the table. You need to walk holding the pencil tightly so as not to drop it. The steps are very small.

Sixth exercise. "Pinwheel". We take a pencil again. Hold it by the tip with one hand. We clamp one end of the pencil with the index and middle fingers of the leading hand (right - for right-handers, left - for left-handers). The other end of the pencil is directed away from the chest.

Task - you need to turn the pencil over and with the help of this flip put it in the other hand with the free end. Then a new turn - and again the pencil returns to the leading hand. Make several such turns - as if the wheel is rolling. When rotated, the pencil "looks" in the direction from the chest forward.

Seventh exercise. "Ball". We roll the ball. Imagine that we have a ball in our palms. And we make movements with our palms, as if we are rolling it in different directions.

Eighth exercise. "Hugs". This exercise allows you to prevent the occurrence of writing spasm. Writing spasm is manifested in children who are just learning to write, it is not uncommon in first-graders. With writing spasm, the fingers begin to hurt a little and become numb, sometimes they tremble a little (this is barely noticeable, but you can notice it). You can't ignore the spasm. It is necessary to remove it if it has already arisen, and even better - to warn it with this exercise.

Sit on a chair, hands at eye level. We connect the palms with each other. We inhale through the nose. We exhale through the mouth and at the same time slightly shift the right palm down - a few centimeters. At the same time, the fingers of the left hand are bent and cover the fingers of the right hand ("hug" them, superimposed on them from above). Again we take a breath through the nose, unbend the fingers of the left hand and return the right palm to its place. We do the exercise in the other direction - now the left hand drops, and the fingers of the right hand "hug" the fingers of the left hand from above. You need to perform the exercise 10-15 times.

Preparing the hand for writing: determining the leading hand in a child

Before doing graphic exercises with a child, you need to identify his leading hand. Sometimes this is easy, because it is already clear that the child is right-handed. Or that he is clearly left-handed. And sometimes the child does all the tasks with one or the other hand. Why? What is his dominant hand? How and when to determine the leading hand in preschool children, you will learn from the article

Preparing the Hand for Writing: Developing Manual Skill

The development of manual skill has always been one of the important tasks of educating preschool children. Interesting « handmade"for children, the author of the world's first system of educational games for kids came up with in the 19th century (folding from paper - an analogy of modern origami, designing from peas and sticks, laying out figures from sticks and torches, stringing, weaving patterns from strips of paper, finger games). Exercises for the development of "manual skill" were also included in the system of tasks for children, developed (inserts, frames for fastening and lacing, and others), in the system (working with clay, sand, wood, paper and cardboard).

TOP 30 activities that contribute to the development of manual skills and prepare the child's hand for writing:

This is important to know: A simple pencil is used to prepare for writing and perform graphic exercises with preschool children. You can not use felt-tip pens in these exercises, since they do not require muscle effort from the baby to draw a line.

- laying out figures and patterns from small mosaics,
- construction from small parts, from designers that require tightening nuts, screws,
- construction from paper and cardboard,
- weaving cords from bright colored ropes,
- work on a children's desktop loom,
- crocheting and knitting (the works of E. Shuleshko convincingly proved how effective knitting is in preparing children for school),
- sewing and embroidery (Note: for a child of 6 years old, a needle 4 cm long is needed, not thin, with a longitudinal eye. Children master the seams “forward needle” in a straight line, “by the needle”, “over the edge”),
- making crafts from wire,
- sewing on buttons
– stringing beads and making children's beads,
- visual activity (sculpting, application, drawing),
- finger games
- hatching,
– making collages (cutting figures from magazines with scissors and composing compositions from them),
- Woodburning,
- sawing,
- felting,
- coloring pictures (it is important not to color in itself, but to color the picture with a pencil without going beyond the contours, carefully, slowly),
- drawing patterns on paper in a box (“continue the started pattern”),
- drawing the missing half of the picture in the cells,
- tracing drawings by dots,
- laying out figures and patterns from matches (for matches, you must first cut off the heads for the safety of the child).
- weaving different patterns from paper strips, and then from braid, inventing new combinations and patterns (see "Gifts of Fröbel" - weaving from stripes),
- making paper beads (A rectangular strip is cut diagonally into triangles. Each triangle is twisted diagonally, the end of the triangle is glued. It turns out a colored paper bead. The beads are strung on a braid).
- cutting out garlands from paper folded like an accordion,
- decorative drawing (drawing patterns - elements of Russian paintings - Khokhloma, Gorodets, Mezen and others) - the child learns to correctly arrange the elements on the plane, build them in rhythm,
- tasks with rulers - stencils of animals, geometric shapes, fruits, vegetables and other figures (tracing a contour on a stencil and shading it or drawing and coloring it; drawing up pictures from elements of different stencils),
- drawing on the board with chalk, colored crayons,
- origami,
- making crafts natural material(cones, chestnuts, twigs, leaves, seeds, peas).

Preparing a hand for writing: how to determine the level of readiness of a child's hand for writing?

At home, you can do some simple exercises with your child that will help determine whether the baby’s fine motor skills are well developed and whether his hand is ready for writing. Here are two traditional assignments (often given to children when they enter school) as an example.

Task 1. Draw a circle. Show the child a circle drawn on a piece of paper. The diameter of the circle is 3-3.5 cm. And ask the child to draw exactly the same circle on his sheet of paper (with a simple pencil).

If the child's hand is poorly developed, then the following signs may be observed:
- instead of a circle, an oval will turn out or the circle will come out too small,
- the line will be intermittent, angular, uneven; instead of one smooth movement of the hand when drawing a circle, the child will have many small intermittent movements of the hand when drawing,
- the child will strive to fix the hand motionless on a sheet of paper.

Task 2. Shrikhovka. Invite the child to shade the silhouette of a simple object (house, boat, apple, or any other) with straight lines, without going beyond the boundaries of the silhouette. Show a sample - how to hatch (horizontal hatching, vertical hatching, diagonal hatching) The child himself chooses in which direction he will hatch.

If the hand is not well developed , then the baby will constantly turn the image over (because he cannot change the direction of action with his hand).

Preparing your hand for writing: learning how to hold a pen and pencil correctly

How to hold a pencil correctly and incorrectly when writing and doing graphic work: you need to know this!

Signs of improper use of a pencil or pen by a preschooler:

First. The child does not hold a pencil and a pen correctly - he holds a “pinch” (collects his fingers in a handful together) or even in a fist.
Second. Incorrect finger position when holding a pen or pencil. It manifests itself in the fact that the pencil lies not on the middle finger, but on the index finger.
Third. The child is holding a pencil or pen too close to the lead, or too far away from it.

To fix these mistakes , do with your child a game finger exercise “Building a house with letters”, which will help you learn how to properly hold a pen in your hand:

Take a pencil or pen correctly (hold the pencil between your thumb and middle fingers, while stepping back from the bottom edge - the pencil lead - up a few centimeters), put your index finger on top of the pencil. The index finger can move freely up and down, and the pencil will not fall, as it is firmly held by the thumb and middle fingers. Show your child how to do this - “tap” the pencil with your index finger.
And say a poem rhythmically with the child, raising and lowering the index finger to the rhythm of the verses (knocking with the index finger: “knock-knock”):

Knock knock, with a hammer,
We'll build a house.
Knock knock, with a hammer,
Settle, letters, in it.

This exercise allows the child to understand how to properly hold a pen and pencil in his hand.

Another one typical mistake child.
The fourth mistake is the wrong position of the hand when writing or performing graphic tasks.
How to hold a pencil or pen - the top edge of the pencil or pen should be directed towards the shoulder of the writer.
How to hold a pencil or pen incorrectly - the brush is turned out, the upper end of the pencil or pen "looks" to the side or away from itself. The hand and elbow hang over the table.
Show the child where the pen should “look” - towards his shoulder of the writing hand.

Exercises to prepare the hand for writing and develop fine motor skills.

You will find exercises to prepare your hand for writing and develop fine motor skills and sensorimotor coordination in this video. What exercises can be done with chestnuts, orthopedic balls, ropes - hedgehogs, spinning tops? How do they prepare the hand so that later the hand holds the pencil and pen correctly? A few ideas for activities with a child at home and in kindergarten.

I hope these recommendations preparing the hand for writing will help you. And what tasks that prepare your hand for writing do you use? And which of them are especially loved by you and your children? Let's share our experience in the comments.
Until we meet again on the "Native Path"!

You can find more about the development of fine motor skills and preparing the hand for writing. interesting information, games and exercises in the articles of the site:

And at the end of the article some ideas for preparing your hand for writing in a very happy video for Have a good mood You and your children! You will see in it modern manuals that are used in kindergartens to prepare children's hands for writing, develop fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. And - I was very pleased - it also contains textile toys of my favorite "Naive World" (everyone who was at the Internet Workshop of educational games, which I host every spring, remembers these toys. , the constant and very sincere sponsor of the "Native Path" and the Workshop of Games "Through the game - to success!")

I wish you and your kids success!

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Irina Irizbaeva
Preparing hands for writing in older preschoolers

Writing is a difficult skill, which includes the performance of finely coordinated graphic skills. Technics letters requires the coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and the entire arms, proper coordination of body movement, visual concentration for voluntary regulation of activity, as well as a certain functional maturity of the cerebral cortex.

After 5-6 years in children in the cerebral cortex, according to the laws of the formation of conditioned reflexes, conditioned reflex functions of reading and letters.

At the age of 6 - 7 years is a sensitive period for the development of the hand arms. At this age, organizing different kinds activities, systematically applying training exercises, you can achieve good results in the development of motor skills of the hand (coordination, accuracy, flexibility). Mastery by letter - long, a laborious process.

Work on preparing the hand for writing must be systematic and comprehensive. Stages preparing the hand for writing:

Preparatory;

Basic;

Final.

Preparatory stage includes myself:

Special physical exercise;

Visual activity;

The development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Special physical exercises. Exercises and games using a variety of sports equipment (balls, hoops, skittles, ribbons) and other items, toys in physical education classes and outside of classes with children (morning exercises, physical education, outdoor games for a walk) open up a wide range of opportunities for developing preschoolers coordinated movements of all links arms and small muscle training arms. Development of fine movements arms contribute to physical exercises based on grasping movements and developing hand strength. Climbing, transitions from projectile to projectile, swinging on a rope contribute to the development of the accuracy of hand movements, and teach how to dose efforts.

On the preparation of the hand for writing has a good effect on the pictorial activity: sculpting, drawing, and specially selected exercises: Stroke and hatch geometric shapes and outlines of vegetables, fruits, leaves, and more.

Of particular importance is decorative drawing - drawing ornaments, patterns. At the same time, the child practically masters the image of various elements on a plane, later on convex planes; learns to correctly determine the direction of lines and movement arms, gets acquainted with the rhythmic, compositional construction of ornaments, develops an eye. All this is directly related to preparation for writing.

Positive impact on preparing a child's hand for writing renders and coloring. For this purpose, ready-made coloring books can be used. It is necessary to draw the attention of children to ensure that the image is painted over carefully enough, evenly, neatly. We must teach children not to rush, to color diligently, in several steps to avoid overwork.

Development of fine motor skills arms

finger games

Finger games help the hands to acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears, which will further facilitate the acquisition of skills letters.

Original crafts from affordable material: napkins, egg shells, boxes. Such activities contribute to the active development of fine motor skills, help to consolidate the most important skills of planning, control and self-esteem.

"Doll rug"

stringing: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, dryers, cardboard circles, tree leaves, rowan berries.

Laying out letters from seeds, sticks.

Cutting various shapes.

Stroke flat figures. You can circle all: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a flat toy, etc.

We build a fence, a house, a tree, etc. - from counting sticks

Wonderful bag "- identify vegetables and fruits by touch

Bird tracks in the sand - draw on the sand with your fingers, draw large and small objects, imitation of the process of pecking grains by birds.

The main stage includes myself:

Hygiene letters;

Form the correct grip of the pencil;

Hatching;

Teaching orientation on a sheet of paper;

Hygiene letters

Landing at letter. The desk, table and chair should be appropriate for the height of the child. The inclined position of the desk lid favors the preservation of vision when letter helps to reduce fatigue of the muscles of the neck and back. The torso should be kept straight, shoulders straightened and at the same height. The chest does not touch the table (the distance from the table to the chest is approximately the width of the palm). The legs, bent at the knees at a right angle, rest with the whole foot on the floor or on a stand.

The position of the hands letter. The writer's hand should lie on the table so that the right elbow arms protruded slightly beyond the edge of the table, and the right hand moved freely along the line, and the left hand lay on the table and held the worksheet from below. The left hand should in no case lie on your knees - this leads to a rise in the shoulder of the writer arms, which contributes to the occurrence of postural disorders.

The position of the writing brush arms. Right hand arms for the most part the palms should be facing the surface of the table, the nail phalanx of the slightly bent little finger and the lower part of the palm serve as fulcrum.

Notebook position. Not only the clarity of handwriting depends on the position of the notebook, but also the ability to sit correctly when letter. In order to choose the correct distance to the notebook, the child needs to put his palms on the table (desk, lowering his thumbs along the edge of the table. The notebook should be placed at the tips of his outstretched fingers, move slightly to the right and lower the left edge. The inclined position of the notebook contributes to the inclined position of the letters At first, the notebook is supported by the left hand from below.As the page is filled, the notebook moves up, and the left hand holds it from above.

Form the correct grip of the pencil. Free movement of the writer arms provided primarily by the way the child takes the pencil. It should be held on the left side of the middle finger. The thumb supports the handle on the left, and the index finger on top. The ring finger and little finger can be inside the palm or lie freely at the base of the fingers, while the upper end of the pen is directed to the writer's shoulder. The distance from the tip of the rod to the index finger is about two centimeters. At correct position handles, the index finger can easily rise, and the handle does not fall off. At the same time, the handle must be held loosely so that all the joints of the index finger are raised. The deflection of the first joint of the index finger indicates excessive tension when holding the handle. The consequence of this is premature fatigue and a decrease in pace. letters. The optimal length of the handle is 15 centimeters. Very short, excessively long and thick handles should not be used for letters.

To help the child learn to hold the pen correctly, special pens-simulators can. They are of two kinds. The device is a silicone fish that can be put on any pencil or pen. The fins of this fish have three finger holes. Take the fish arms almost impossible to do wrong.

Triangular colored pencils are made according to the principle of the cone simulator. This is the best way pencils that you can choose for the baby. First, they are thick. Due to this, it is convenient for the child to hold them in his hand. Secondly, they are triangular. This allows you to hold the pencils correctly. Thirdly, they are soft. The child does not need much effort to paint, draw, write.

To develop the skill of holding a pencil, finger games are used (especially the thumb and forefinger, exercises with a pencil (Twist the pencil with two fingers, three fingers, game exercises like Let's salt the soup.

Finger and hand relaxation exercises hands:

“Let's stroke the kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding action are performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).

“Merry painters” - synchronous movements of the hands of both hands up - down with the simultaneous connection of a wrist swing (3 times, then left - right (3 times).

"Bunny" - and. p .: the hand rests on the elbow; are straightened and parted to the sides of the index and middle fingers, the rest of the fingers are clenched into a fist.

"Ring" - and. n. the same; the thumb and forefinger are connected into a ring, the remaining fingers are straightened and spread apart.

Then exercises are effective in combining speech with movement, for example, with nursery rhymes.

A large role in the development of graphic skills is played by various tasks related to hatching. Hatching is performed under the guidance of a teacher. He shows how it is done, controls the parallelism of the lines, their direction, the child's posture and how he holds the pencil. Rules must be followed hatching:

Hatch in the specified direction

Do not go beyond the contours of the figure

Keep lines parallel

Do not bring the strokes together, the distance between them should be 0.5 cm.

For hatching, ready-made contour images of objects, drawing images with subsequent hatching, and tracing ready-made stencils by children can be used.

Simultaneously with the development of motor, muscular capabilities of the fingers arms the child must be introduced to the image of a particular letter, creating its model in memory. To do this, you need from the finest sandpaper (or velvet) cut out the letters and stick them on a piece of cardboard. index finger leading arms the child traces the contours of the letters, remembers their images and elements. The work on the perception of the shape of a letter through tactile and kinesthetic sensations was first proposed by the Italian teacher M. Montessori. And it became widespread already in the 20s of the XX century.

In addition, hand-eye coordination is developed by such activities in which you need to draw lines from one drawing to another. "Tracks" along a straight line, a wavy line, or through a labyrinth, in which it is necessary to determine "What is Drawn" by connecting all the dots.

Various tasks: "Draw the left (right) side of the object "Draw the picture, following the sequence", "Continue row", "Draw the same", "Draw the Pattern" and etc.

Teaching orientation on a sheet of paper.

Formation of graphic skill as a technical side letters largely depends on the ability of the child to navigate on a sheet of paper. This is due to the fact that the shapes of the letters (to letter which the child will start in the future) are determined not only by the composition of the elements included in them, but also by their number, size and location relative to the working line. Consequently, in order for a child to acquire a graphic skill, he must consciously assimilate the visual image of a letter, clearly imagine what elements it consists of and in what spatial and quantitative relations these elements are combined in each individual letter.

many children preschool age is poorly oriented on a sheet of paper. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct exercises with them on the development of visual and spatial perception. They help the formation and improvement of orientation on a sheet of paper and the skill of moving along it. arms.

Exercises, games, various tasks for the development of graphic skills are one of the directions corrective work. The purpose of graphic exercises is to form the ability to “enter” a cell, circle it, draw straight lines from top to bottom and from left to right along the line; place a circle inside the cell; connect the corners of the cells diagonally; draw wavy lines without lifting the pencil from the sheet of paper and without going beyond the horizontal lines of the line.

Performing graphic exercises, children not only acquire the necessary graphic skills, but also learn to navigate in a limited plane (a line in a notebook in a cage, develop mental activity, attention, memory.

One of the effective methods is the so-called "graphic dictation". At the first stages, children examine the finished composition of the ornament, analyze it and reproduce it from memory. Another may be suggested option: children create an ornament under dictation. On squared paper, children, under dictation, draw segments, counting a certain number of cells in the indicated direction. If the child did not make mistakes, then he will get a pattern or drawing.

When preparing a child for school, you can also carry out such tasks. Children are offered cards with various shapes. (square, circle, dot, cross) and assignments for them. for example:

Draw a figure to the right or left of the vertical line.

Put a circle, to the right of it - draw a cross, to the left of the cross put a dot.

Draw a dot, below the dot - a cross, to the right of the dot - a circle.

Draw a square, to the right of it - a cross, put a dot above the cross.

Determining the right and left sides of an object. Take the book with both hands, and then show the right and left sides of the book. Determine the right and left sides of the object that lies on the table.

The final stage - typing letters

For a child to be successful prepared to write, it is necessary to regularly and systematically conduct classes on the development of fine motor skills, sensorimotor coordination, learn to navigate in space and on a sheet of paper, a lesson with shading, printing letters. At the same time, it is very important to observe hygiene rules. letters to keep the posture and health of the child.