North Caucasian Federal District Composition and features of the North Caucasian Federal District. North Caucasian Federal District: composition, features and interesting facts

- was formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by the Decree of the President Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies" by separating from the Southern Federal District. The center of the North Caucasian Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000 the name of the North Caucasian federal district worn by the Southern Federal District.

North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD)- includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern parts of the North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasian Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The regions of the North Caucasian Federal District are included in the North Caucasian Economic Region.

Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, agriculture, production of building materials.
The North Caucasus remains the most conflicted region in Russia.

NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
The administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District - city ​​of Pyatigorsk

This article is about the North Caucasian Federal District, created in 2010. For the North Caucasian Federal District, created in 2000, see Southern Federal District.

North Caucasian Federal District(NCFD) is a federal district in the south of the European part of Russia, in the central and eastern parts of the North Caucasus.

The North Caucasian Federal District includes seven subjects of the federation with an area of ​​170,439 km² (1% of the territory of the Russian Federation) and a population of 9,823,481 people. (6.69% of the population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2018). The administrative center of the NCFD is the city.

Story

Initially, the North Caucasian Federal District was the name of the federal district formed by the decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, but on June 21 of the same year this district was renamed and received its current name - the Southern Federal District.

In his modern form- as a separate federal district - the North Caucasian Federal District was formed by decree of the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev dated January 19, 2010, by separating some of the subjects from the Southern Federal District. The new district included 7 Russian regions (see list). The city of Pyatigorsk was established as the center of the district (which made it the only center of the federal district that is not at the same time the administrative center of a subject of the federation), however, from April 2010 to June 2011, the residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the North Caucasus Federal District was temporarily located in. In September 2010, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Comprehensive Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the North Caucasus Federal District until 2025.

District Composition

The North Caucasian Federal District includes 6 republics and 1 territory, being the only federal district in Russia that does not include regions.

№	Flag	Subject of the federation	Area (km²)	Population (people)	GRP, billion rubles (2016)	GRP per capita population, thousand rubles/person (2016)	Administrative center and its population (persons)
1			50 270	↗ 3 063 885	597,1	197,1	(596 356)
2			3628	↗ 488 043	50,9	106,8	(8771)
3			12 470	↗ 865 828	132,7	153,7	(239 300)
4			14 277	↘ 466 305	73,2	156,6	(122 395)
5			7987	↘ 701 765	125,5	178,4	(306 258)
6			66 160	↘ 2 800 674	651,9	232,6	(433 931)
7			15 647	↗ 1 436 981	166,7	118,7	(297 137)

Geography

The North Caucasian Federal District is the smallest federal district in Russia in terms of area. By land, it borders on the Southern Federal District, as well as on Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The district borders only on water.

In the east, the federal district is bounded by the Caspian Sea, in the south - by the Main Caucasian Range and borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the west and north - by internal Russian administrative borders (Southern Federal District). The region has no access to the oceans.

Population

The population of the district according to Rosstat is 9 823 481 people (2018), which is 6.69% of the Russian population. Population density - 57,64 people/km² (2018), high by Russian standards, and second only (60.46 people/km²). Urban population - 49,81 % (2018). The Okrug is characterized by a record population growth for the Russian federal districts.

National composition

The North Caucasian Federal District is the only district in which Russians (and Slavs in general) do not make up the vast majority of the population (less than a third). In six regions of the district out of seven, the titular nation prevails over the Russians, in Ingushetia the Russians occupy only the third place after the Ingush and Chechens, and in Dagestan - the eighth. The only region in the North Caucasus Federal District where the majority of the population is Russian is the Stavropol Territory.

According to the 2010 census in six republics of the North Caucasus (Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, the Chechen Republic), 621,887 people identified their nationality as Russian. In total, 6,606,378 people answered the question about nationality in these republics, thus the share of Russians in the republics of the North Caucasus was less than 9.41% of those who identified their nationality.

According to the results of the 2010 census, according to Rosstat, the national composition of the district is as follows: Total - 9,428,826 people.

• Russians - 2,854,040 (30.26%)
• Chechens - 1,335,857 (14.17%)
• Avars - 865,348 (9.18%)
• Dargins - 541,552 (5.74%)
• Kabardians - 502,817 (5.33%)
• Ossetians - 481,492 (5.11%)
• Kumyks - 466,769 (4.95%)
• Ingush - 418,996 (4.44%)
• Lezgins - 396,408 (4.2%)
• Karachays - 211,122 (2.39%)
• Armenians - 190,825 (2.02%)
• Laks - 166,526 (1.77%)
• Azerbaijanis - 155,394 (1.65%)
• Tabasarans - 127,941 (1.36%)
• Balkars - 110,215 (1.17%)
• Nogais - 82,026 (0.87%)
• Circassians - 61,409 (0.65%)
• Ukrainians - 42,431 (0.45%)
• Abaza - 41,037 (0.44%)
• Greeks - 37,096 (0.39%)
• Gypsies - 36,465 (0.39%)
• Turks - 31,040 (0.33%)
• Aguly - 29,979 (0.32%)
• Rutulians - 29,413 (0.31%)
• Tatars - 22,541 (0.24%)
• Georgians - 19,696 (0.21%)
• Turkmen - 15,750 (0.17%)
• Koreans - 12,551 (0.13%)
• Tsakhury - 10,215 (0.11%)
• Belarusians - 9,217 (0.10%)
• others - 170,391 (1.81%)
• did not indicate nationality - 63,022 people. (0.67%)

Languages

Ethno-linguistic composition is dominated by the following groups and families:

1. North Caucasian family - 4,532,498 people (48.07%)
   1. Dagestan group - 2 170 329 (23,02 %)
   2. Nakh group - 1,755,129 (18.61%)
   3. Abkhaz-Adyghe group - 607,040 (6.44%)
2. Indo-European family - 3,682,392 (39.05%)
   1. Slavic group - 2,908,236 (30.84%)
   2. Iranian group - 492,056 (5.22%)
   3. Armenian group - 190,826 (2.02%)
3. Altai family - 1,109,244 (11.76%)
   1. Turkic group - 1,107,851 (11.75%)
4. Kartvelian family - 19,696 (0.21%)
5. Koreans - 12,551 (0.13%);
6. Ural family - 5,079 (0.05%)

Ethno-linguistic composition of the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District (in%, 2010):

Big cities

The largest city of the North Caucasus Federal District is, several more cities (,) are also larger than the administrative center of the district - Pyatigorsk, which makes it the only center of the federal district in Russia that is not the largest settlement in the district (although Pyatigorsk is the logistics center of the largest agglomeration of KavMinVody in the North Caucasus Federal District).

Settlements with a population of more than 50 thousand people

Plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District

1. Khloponin, Alexander Gennadievich from January 19, 2010 to May 12, 2014
2. Melikov, Sergey Alimovich from May 12, 2014 to July 28, 2016
3. Belaventsev, Oleg Evgenievich from July 28, 2016 to June 26, 2018
4. Matovnikov, Alexander Anatolyevich since June 26, 2018

see also

• North Caucasian economic region

Notes

1. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
2. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016 (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" in the original version
4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2000 No. 1149 "Issues of ensuring the activities of the apparatus of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal districts"
5. Kommersant-Gazeta - Kazantsev made a throw to the south
6. A new federal district was formed by Presidential Decree - www.kremlin.ru
7. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2010 No. 82 “On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 structures of the federal executive authorities" // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 2010. - No. 10, 01/21/2010. // on kremlin.ru
8. Gritchin, Nikolay Alexander Khloponin will work in a dietary canteen. News (09.04.10). Retrieved April 10, 2010. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011.
9. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016 (.xlsx). Federal State Statistics Service (March 2, 2018). - Official statistics. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
10. Gross regional product per capita for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016 MS Excel document
11. Georgia and most states of the world do not recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, considering the Russian border with these countries as part of the Russian-Georgian border.
12. The border with Georgia and Azerbaijan does not always coincide with the Main Caucasian Range
13. Population census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements (rus.). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
14. Permanent population as of January 1 (people) 1990-2013
15. Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014.
16. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2015.
17. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
18. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017.
19. 4.22. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
20. 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
21. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2011
22. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2012
23. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2013
24. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2014
25. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
26. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
27. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
28. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
29. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
30. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
31. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
32. 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
33. 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural increase of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation
34. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2011
35. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2012
36. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2013
37. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriages, divorce rates for January-December 2014
38. Life expectancy at birth, years, year, annual value, total population, both sexes
39. Life expectancy at birth
40. Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in relation to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individual nationalities
41. All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with extended lists of national composition population and by region: see
42. Peculiarities of the CMS region - website of the administration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters
43. Population by municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2018 // Website of the Administration of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District (North Caucasus State Statistics). - Date of access: 04/27/2015.

Links

• skfo.gov.ru, caucasus.rf, skfo.rf - official website of the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District
• “He will come and silently fix everything” - analytical article - Lenta.ru (20.01.2010)
• Novitsky I. Ya. Management of the ethnopolitics of the North Caucasus. - Krasnodar, 2011. - 270 p.

State educational institution

higher professional education

Samara State University

Department of International Relations

North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD)

1st year students, gr. 24102

Faculty of History

Bagryantseva M.V.

Supervisor:

Candidate of Historical Sciences,

Associate Professor Tyurin V.A.

SAMARA 2011

Introduction……………………………………………………………..……..С.3

Chapter I. Administrative-territorial structure of the North Caucasus Federal District……..С.5

Chapter II. Population and demographic situation…………………….С.8

Chapter III. Features of the industry of the district………………..…..С.11

1.1. Agro-industrial complex………………………………….С.12

1.2. Mining industry………………………………..S. fifteen

Chapter IV. Economic indicators………………………………….С.18

Chapter V. Culture and recreational complex………………..………С.20

Chapter VI. Problems of the North Caucasus Federal District and ways to solve them………………………..С.23

Conclusion…………………………………………………..……………С.28

List of sources and literature………………………………………С.29

Applications……………………………………………………………….С.30

INTRODUCTION

The North Caucasian Federal District is a federal district of the Russian Federation, separated from the Southern Federal District by a decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev dated January 19, 2010. It is located in the south of the European part of Russia, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus.

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the district is a young state entity, it has not yet been fully studied. In addition, the district has a number of problems that need to be identified and noted. It is important that the North Caucasus is an economically depressed region, in connection with this it has a poorly developed industry. In the North Caucasus Federal District, there are no such industries as mechanical engineering, metalworking, production of consumer goods, etc.

Having studied the manual for students Chistobaev A. I. "Regional Studies", I learned about natural features and resources of the SFCO and was able to analyze the recreational complex of the district.

In the book “Federal Districts of Russia. Regional Economics, ed. Glushkova V.G. and Simagin Yu.A. I studied the industry of the district, its level of development and potential.

Using the website of the official website of the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District http://skfo.gov.ru/ I learned about the population, composition of the population and the demographic situation of the district.

The decision to separate the new district from the Southern Federal District caused a wide resonance in the media and in the expert community. This is not surprising, because the emergence of a new district in itself is an extraordinary event. But not only the change in the number of districts attracted the attention of political scientists. It's no secret that for many years now, gloomy news has been coming from the Caucasus about terrorist attacks and clashes with militants. The state of the economy of the North Caucasus cannot be called problem-free either.

Experts also draw attention to the geopolitical component of the importance of the Caucasian region, on whose territory the interests of the superpowers have clashed for centuries. In this sense, the 21st century is no exception. This means that geopolitics will probably also be in the field of view of the presidential envoy.

Chapter II. Population and demographic situation

The population of the federal district, according to the results of the 2010 census, amounted to 9,496,800 people according to Rosstat:

Russians - 2,938,070 people (32.9%)

Chechens - 1,237,506 people (13.9%)

Avars - 771,043 people. (8.6%)

Kabardians - 509,539 people. (5.7%)

Dargins - 467,670 people. (5.2%)

Ossetians - 467,493 people (5.2%)

Kumyks - 394 183 people. (4.4%)

Ingush - 388,845 people (4.4%)

Lezgins - 345,651 people. (3.9%)

Karachays - 185,764 people. (2.1%)

Armenians - 181 125 people. (2.0%)

Laks - 145 422 people. (1.6%)

Azerbaijanis - 132,808 people (1.5%)

Tabasarans - 116,189 people (1.3%)

Balkars - 106 440 people. (1.2%)

Nogais - 77,897 people. (0.87%)

Ukrainians - 65,900 people. (0.74%)

Circassians - 52,582 people. (0.59%)

Greeks - 38,280 people. (0.43%)

Abaza - 36,208 people. (0.41%)

Tatars - 26,912 people. (0.30%)

Rutulians - 25,297 people. (0.28%)

Aguly - 24 904 people (0.28%)

Gypsies - 23,956 people. (0.27%)

Georgians - 23,261 people (0.26%)

Turks - 22,518 people. (0.25%)

Persons of other nationalities - 128,426 people. (1.4%)

The county accounts for 6.5% of the country's population. At the same time, the proportion of the urban population in the total population of the North Caucasus Federal District is 48.2%, the rural population - 51.8%. Demographic situation in the district is almost one and a half times better than in the whole country. The number of births exceeds the number of deaths by 17 thousand people; natural population growth rate according to the data for 5 months of 2010 amounted to 7.4%. The migration outflow of the population amounted to 1.6 thousand people.

In the North Caucasian Federal District, the population increased by 1.68 million people from the end of 1990 to the end of 2009. According to the results of 2009, the natural increase in the population of the North Caucasian Federal District amounted to 75.6 thousand people. In addition, the proportion of people younger than working age is high in the structure of the population.

In terms of birth rates, the North Caucasian Federal District ranks first in the country. As for the dynamics, in recent years the trajectory of changes in the value of the birth rate in the North Caucasus Federal District coincides with the trajectory of changes in the value of this indicator in the country as a whole, but at a higher level (before 2000 - a fall, after - a steady increase).

In 2009, high birth rates in the North Caucasus Federal District were formed mainly due to the indicators of the Chechen Republic (more than 29 newborns per 1,000 population), the Republic of Ingushetia and the Republic of Dagestan (more than 18 newborns per 1,000 population). In other subjects of the Russian Federation included in this federal district, the values ​​of birth rates differ from the average indicators for the Russian Federation insignificantly.

The mortality rate in the North Caucasus Federal District is the lowest in the Russian Federation - 8.7 per 1,000 population in 2010 (average for the Russian Federation is 14.6 per 1,000 population).

ChapterIII. Features of the county's industry

The North Caucasian Federal District has a number of advantages - a convenient geographical location in relation to large markets, the availability of natural resources (oil, ores, building materials) and unloaded capacities (production sites on the basis of which it is possible to increase production), a relatively developed transport network (iron roads and highways) and the growing demand for industrial products both in the regions of the Russian Federation and in neighboring countries.

The industrial sector is mainly represented by the production of petroleum products (29% in the structure of revenue from the manufacturing and mining industries), the food industry (23%), chemistry (14%), mechanical engineering (12%), metallurgy (5%) and the production of building materials (6%). Mining accounts for 6% of the revenue structure of the manufacturing and extractive industries. The agro-industrial complex of the district provides a significant contribution to the food security of the entire country. For example, the district accounts for 45% of the country's harvest of grapes, more than 10% of the harvested grain, fruits, berries and vegetables, as well as more than 5% of sugar beets. The district's farms contain 11% of the cattle and 40.8% of the sheep and goats in Russia. The district accounts for 7% of milk and 44.2% of wool produced in the country, as well as more than 27.9% of the sales volume of sheep and goats in live weight. The share of the district in the total volume of agricultural production of all agricultural producers in Russia amounted to 5.4%.

The basis of the economy of the North Caucasus is the electric power industry. Thermal and hydraulic power plants have been built in many regions of the North Caucasus. The largest thermal power plants have been created in Grozny, Novocherkassk, Nevinnomyssk, and among the hydroelectric power plants stand out: Gizeldonskaya and Baksanskaya - on the tributaries of the Terek, Belorechenskaya on the river. Belaya, Chiryurtovskaya - on the river. Sulak. A cascade of hydroelectric power plants was built on the river. Sulak, including the large Chirkeyskaya HPP, as well as a cascade of HPPs on the Kuban-Kalaussky Canal. The Irganay hydroelectric power station was also built on the river. Avar Koisu is a tributary of the Sulak in Dagestan. The energy system of the region is connected to the Donbass, the Volga region.

1.1. Agro-industrial complex

The agro-industrial complex, including agriculture and the food industry, is the most important sector of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District. The contribution of the sector to the gross regional product of the said federal district in 2008 was 18%, of which 1% is accounted for by agriculture and 3% by the food industry. In the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the contribution of the agro-industrial complex to the gross regional product of the federal district reaches 26%. The agro-industrial complex provides jobs for 24% of the population employed in the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District. In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of this federal district, tax deductions from the agro-industrial complex form the basis of tax revenues to the budgets. According to data for the first half of 2010, the share of the agro-industrial complex in the tax revenues of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is 37.4%, in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Stavropol Territory, the products of the agro-industrial complex form more than one third of foreign trade revenues.

The agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District provides a significant contribution to the food security of the entire country - 45% of the grape harvest harvested in the Russian Federation, more than 10% of grain, fruits, berries and vegetables, as well as more than 5% of sugar beets.

The farms of the North Caucasian Federal District contain 11% of the cattle and 40.8% of the sheep and goats kept in the farms of the Russian Federation. This federal district accounts for 7% of milk and 44.2% of wool produced in the Russian Federation.

In terms of food production, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District lag far behind other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which indicates an insufficient level of development of the processing industry. The food industry of the North Caucasian Federal District is represented by the production alcoholic beverages and mineral water. The Republic of Dagestan ranks 1st in the production of cognac and 4th in the production of champagne in the Russian Federation, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic - 4th in the production of vodka and alcoholic beverages and 3rd in the production of wines, the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania is the 3rd place in the production of champagne, and the Stavropol Territory is the 2nd place in the production of cognac and wines.

Labor productivity in the North Caucasus Federal District in individual subjects of the Russian Federation is 13% of the average Russian level in agriculture and 7% in the food industry.

A distinctive feature of the agricultural sector of the North Caucasian Federal District is the predominance of the share of personal subsidiary plots.

The balance of import-export of products is dominated by the export of agricultural products of low processing and the import of highly processed foodstuffs, which confirms the low level of development of the food processing industry.

At the same time, there are 189 breeding farms in the North Caucasian Federal District, including 62 breeding plants, 117 breeding reproducers and 10 gene pool farms. In the North Caucasus Federal District, pig breeding, goat breeding, fur farming, poultry farming, beekeeping, sericulture and yak breeding are also developing, represented by 9 breeding plants, 20 breeding reproducers and 2 gene pool farms.

The development potential of the agro-industrial complex in the North Caucasus Federal District is also characterized by the presence of a large interregional market. The high share of imports in the structure of consumption of meat, vegetables, milk and products of their processing in the Russian Federation creates the possibility of replacing imported supplies of food products in the Russian Federation through the development of the production of these products in the North Caucasus Federal District.

Among the problems, it is also worth noting the weak influence of the development of the breeding base on the productivity of commercial farms.

The reclamation complex of the North Caucasian Federal District needs to be reconstructed. The physical area of ​​irrigation systems requiring reconstruction ranges from 31 to 83%.

The development of the agro-industrial complex is a priority for all subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District. According to the results of the analysis, a promising direction for development in the North Caucasus Federal District is the production of the following types of products:

Lamb, beef and products of their processing;

Poultry and products of its processing;

Milk and dairy products, including cheeses, cottage cheese, yoghurts, etc.;

Vegetable and animal oils;

Grain and flour and cereal products;

Grapes, wines and cognac products;

Fruits and berries (fresh, as well as in the form of juices and purees);

Vegetables in fresh and canned forms;

Mineral water;

1.2. Extractive industry

The North Caucasian Federal District has a unique combination of balneological resources - mineral drinking waters, thermal waters and therapeutic mud. About 30% of all Russian mineral water resources are concentrated here, which is comparable in volume to the resources of the central regions of the European part of the Russian Federation. Also, more than 70% of the reserves of thermal waters of the Russian Federation are located on the territory.

The water resource potential of the North Caucasian Federal District fully meets the needs of the population and sectors of the economy in water resources. Here are the most diverse water resources- The Caspian Sea, the Kuban reservoir, Lake Dovsun in the Stavropol Territory, the Blue Lakes and Chegem waterfalls in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as well as the rivers Kuban, Terek, Baksan, Zelenchuk, Sulak, Bolshaya Laba, Ardon, Fiagdon, Sunzha, etc. The presence of a variety of types of surface waters, including mountain rivers, with large slopes allows developing not only different kinds tourism (health, recreation, sports, ecological, fishing, beach), but also hydropower.

There are more than 300 reservoirs in the North Caucasian Federal District, mainly with seasonal or daily regulation. The regulated flow is mainly used for irrigation of agricultural land and fish farming.

Flow regulation in the territory of the Republic of Dagestan is also low - the total useful volume of 11 reservoirs is 1.44 cubic meters. meters, and a significant proportion of it falls on the reservoir of the Chirkey hydroelectric power station, located on the river. Sulak. The remaining reservoirs are used for energy, water supply or irrigation purposes and are also mainly located in the river basin. Sulak.

Given the limited reserves of minerals, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasus Federal District do not have a high potential to increase the contribution of the extractive industry to the economy, however, the development of a number of hydrocarbon deposits, as well as ore minerals, is significant for the development of the economy of some of these subjects.

The share of the North Caucasus Federal District in the structure of explored mineral reserves of the Russian Federation is 41% for tungsten, 11% for molybdenum, up to 2% for copper, lead, zinc and titanium, and 4.8% for oil and for gas - 2.1%.

In terms of reserves of tungsten ores, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are in the lead, and in terms of reserves of molybdenum ores - the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The largest copper deposit in the North Caucasus Federal District is Kizil-Dere in the Republic of Dagestan, its share in the reserves of the Russian Federation is 1.4%.

The largest zinc deposits are located in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania (Dzhimidonskoye, Kadat-Khampaldonskoye, Kakadur-Kanikomskoye), in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Urupskoye, Bykovskoye) and in the Republic of Dagestan (Kizil-Dere). In terms of the amount of residual reserves, most of the deposits are classified as small, since most of them have been developed by now.

All lead deposits of the North Caucasian Federal District are concentrated in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Most of resources is localized in the Dzhimidon ore field.

Despite the developed infrastructure, the North Caucasian Federal District makes an insignificant contribution to the volume of hydrocarbon production in the Russian Federation. Significant obstacles to the development of hydrocarbon production are the depletion of a significant proportion of deposits and the reduction of explored reserves of fuel and energy resources.

The main oil reserves of the North Caucasian Federal District are concentrated in the Chechen Republic. Significant oil fields for the district are Starogroznenskoye, Goryacheistochninskoye (Yastrebinoe), Goit-Kortovskoye, Severo-Bragunskoye (Chechen Republic), Velichayevsky-Koldeznoye, Zhuravskoye, Zimne-Stavkinskoye - Pravoberezhnoye (Stavropol Territory), Malgobek - Voznesenskoye - Alkhazovo (Republic of Ingushetia) .

ChapterIV. Economic indicators

Most of the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District, in socio-economic terms, since the beginning of the 1990s, due to a number of objective reasons, have been among the subjects of the Russian Federation most prone to crisis. By the end of the 1990s, the volume of industrial production in the North Caucasian Federal District decreased to 17–24% (compared to the level of 1990), while the all-Russian reduction in the value of this indicator to an average of 48%.

The rates of economic growth in 2005-2009 indicate that the executive authorities in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District managed to correctly determine economic priorities (among the leaders are the Republic of Dagestan, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Republic of North Ossetia Alania). However, the process of positive transformations is extremely slow.

At the moment, the real sector of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District is poorly developed:

· the share of the agricultural sector in the gross regional product reaches 22% (in the Russian Federation - 5%);

· the share of manufacturing products does not exceed 15% (in the Russian Federation - 19%).

The main contribution to the gross regional product is made by the public administration sector and the sphere of social (including utilities) services, whose share in the gross regional product is up to 55% (in the Russian Federation - 16%).

Unemployment in the North Caucasus Federal District remains extremely high - its official level varies from 8 to 55%, which is 1.5 - 9 times higher than the average Russian level. There is hidden unemployment and a high percentage of employment in low-paid sectors of the economy.

In most sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District, the values ​​of labor productivity indicators are below the average values ​​of these indicators in the Russian Federation.

All subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District have low indicators of the quality of life of the population. The budgets of the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Chechen Republic are highly subsidized. Over the past 10 years, the amount of federal budget funds annually allocated by the Government of the Russian Federation to provide financial support to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasus Federal District has increased significantly.

Transport is one of the leading sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District, which accounts for about 10% of the gross regional product. The North Caucasian Federal District is located near large Russian and foreign markets, as well as at the intersection of large cargo flows.

The length of public roads in the North Caucasus Federal District is 24,788 kilometers, including 2,577 kilometers of federal roads and 22,211 kilometers of regional ones. The main road junctions in the North Caucasian Federal District are Stavropol, Mineralnye Vody, Nalchik, Grozny and Makhachkala.

ChapterV. Culture and recreational complex

The traditional culture of the North Caucasus was formed and developed in the conditions of everyday life and was associated, first of all, with the creation of certain material benefits. As a result, the peoples of the North Caucasus realized their aesthetic sense and desire for a harmonious expression of their worldview not in fine arts, but in “conditional” arts. The culture and art of the peoples of the North Caucasus were formed against the backdrop of endless wars and a constant struggle with nature for survival. As a result, the main specific qualities of the traditional North Caucasian arts and crafts were developed: it is severe and monumental (like a local landscape), optimistic and cheerful (like the “taste” of another victory). But in any case, it does not know regularity, since it does not exist either in the local landscape or in the labor activity of people living in these conditions.

The uniqueness and diversity of the natural and climatic resources of the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District create favorable conditions for both permanent residence and the development of a tourist and recreational complex.

By temperature regime The North Caucasian Federal District is one of the most attractive regions of Russia both in summer and in winter. The average temperature in January is 3.2°С (in the mountains - up to -10°С), in July - from +20.4°C (in the mountains - up to +14°C).

About 50 percent of the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District is occupied by the mountain system of the Greater Caucasus. Mountain peaks are located here, including those with the highest elevation of 5642 meters (Elbrus), which makes the North Caucasus Federal District a particularly promising platform for the development of high-mountain tourism.

On the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District there are 6 state reserves - Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Caucasian, North Ossetian, Teberdinsky, Erzi, 2 national parks (Alania, Elbrus region), as well as 7 state reserves - Agrakhansky, Samursky and Tlyaratinsky (Republic Dagestan), Dautsky (Karachay-Cherkess Republic), Ingush (Republic of Ingushetia), Sovetsky (Chechen Republic), Tseysky (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania), which ensure the preservation of the rich biological diversity of the regions.

On the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District in the Republic of Dagestan, the coast of the Caspian Sea stretches for 490 kilometers, which contributes to the development of beach tourism.

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District, medical and recreational, skiing, sports (extreme), business, environmental, cultural, educational, pilgrimage, rural, specialized (archaeological, equestrian, speleological, ethnographic) ) tourism, hunting and fishing tours are organized.

The composition of the specially protected ecological resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, for which medical and health tourism is a specialized area, includes the cities. Georgievsk, Mineralnye Vody, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, as well as Mineralovodsky, Georgievsk and Predgorny districts of the Stavropol Territory, Zolsky district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Malokarachaevsky and Prikubansky districts of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.

On the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District there are large ski resorts: in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic - Dombay, in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic - the Elbrus region, in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania - Tsey.

The Republic of Dagestan, which has a long coastline of the Caspian Sea, is the center of beach tourism.

Despite the presence of significant competitive advantage for the development of the tourism industry, including tourist centers, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District are characterized by a weak level of development of the tourism industry. The share of the North Caucasian Federal District in the tourism industry of the Russian Federation is about 6%, and the share of tourism in the gross regional product of the North Caucasian Federal District does not exceed 2%.

The small contribution of the tourism industry to the economy of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District is associated with an insufficient volume of tourist flow and a high share of the private (shadow) sector. The largest share of the unorganized tourist flow and the minimum duration of tourists' stay, and, consequently, the low costs of tourists, are typical for the centers of skiing, sports and extreme tourism. The share of foreign tourists in all subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District is below the Russian average.

There are no modern specialized objects of the recreation and entertainment industry at the resorts of the North Caucasian Federal District ( sports clubs, rental of vehicles and sports equipment, shops, cultural and entertainment complexes, etc.).

One of the strategic objectives of tourism development is to stimulate the development of new tourist centers in the North Caucasus Federal District in addition to existing resorts. The formation of new investment sites will speed up the process of updating the industry's fixed assets, increase competition and the quality of services provided, and also increase the diversity of the tourist offer, the density of recreational areas and the level of infrastructure development.

ChapterVI. Problems of the North Caucasus Federal District and ways to solve them

One of the important problems in the North Caucasian Federal District is migration, including forced migration. Hot spots, military conflicts in the near abroad, complex interethnic relations, on the one hand, and favorable climatic conditions, on the other hand, have made this territory a crossroads of migration flows.

Management of migration processes in the North Caucasus Federal District requires active participation federal center in terms of developing and implementing an extensive program that provides for a set of administrative, social, economic and cultural measures for the quantitative and spatial regulation of migration flows, as well as for ensuring the process of mutual adaptation of migrants and their host territories. To solve the problem of an excess of labor resources in the North Caucasus Federal District, the annual size of labor migration should be 30-40 thousand people. It is required to involve dozens of regions of the Russian Federation in the reception of migrants.

More than one third of the total population of the North Caucasus Federal District is made up of young people (approximately 2.8 million people). Therefore, in the North Caucasian Federal District as a whole and in each subject of the Russian Federation that is part of it, in particular, a competent and effective youth policy should be pursued. To implement these areas of activity, it is necessary to organize monitoring of the main aspects of the life of local youth and develop a strategy for youth policy in the North Caucasus Federal District.

A serious problem in the North Caucasian Federal District is the low level of development of the healthcare system. In all subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District, there is a shortage of hospitals and polyclinics, as well as doctors and paramedical personnel. The most demanded types of medical care are oncology, cardiovascular surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, neurosurgery and ophthalmology. The need for high-tech medical care for these types is fully consistent with the structure of morbidity and the volume of medical care in the Russian Federation as a whole.

In 2009, the North Caucasian Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation began functioning, which is a modern, well-equipped medical facility. It should be noted that the center has not yet fully reached the planned design capacity. Increasing activity in referring patients to the center in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasus Federal District can significantly increase the availability of multidisciplinary specialized and high-tech medical care for residents of this district.

The availability of doctors in the North Caucasian Federal District is lower than the average for the Russian Federation. In 2009, the value of this indicator was 38 people per 10 thousand people (in the Russian Federation - 44.1 people per 10 thousand people). The provision of nursing staff in the specified federal district is also lower than the average for Russia. In 2009, the value of this indicator was 81.6 people per 10,000 people (in the Russian Federation - 94.1 people per 10,000 people). The problem of raising the level of professional training of teachers and educators of preschool institutions deserves special attention. Among the most pressing problems of secondary general education schools there is an acute shortage of teaching staff and an outdated material and technical base. The number of students in daytime general education institutions in the North Caucasus Federal District, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, is declining.

An important task is also the quality training of specialists needed to ensure potential economic growth. Problems with the qualification of personnel exist in almost all sectors of the economy (tourism, health resorts, public administration, food industry, agriculture, construction, healthcare, etc.), which requires the system not only to improve training programs, but also retrain personnel with taking into account the requirements of a developing economy and modern standards.

The main social problem inherent in all subjects of the Russian Federation, which are equally part of the North Caucasian Federal District, is the low level of housing provision. Despite the low values ​​of the housing provision indicator, the share of dilapidated and dilapidated housing in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasus Federal District is generally lower than the average for the Russian Federation. Only in the Republic of Dagestan and the Republic of Ingushetia, the share of dilapidated and dilapidated housing is extremely high - 20.6% and 20.4%, respectively. No less acute is the problem of staffing. Only 30% of specialists working in cultural institutions have higher professional education. At the same time, achieving high development indicators for the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District is impossible without due attention to the cultural component, both in terms of creating the appropriate infrastructure and in terms of staffing. The situation on the labor market in all subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the North Caucasian Federal District is extremely unfavorable.

As of May 1, 2010, the total number of unemployed citizens in the North Caucasus Federal District is 766.6 thousand people, or 18 percent of the economically active population (on average in the Russian Federation - 8.2%). The highest unemployment rate is noted in the Republic of Ingushetia - 53%, the Chechen Republic -42% and the Republic of Dagestan - 17.2%.

Many monuments and objects of cultural and historical heritage are in need of restoration. Among them are the M.Yu. -Naryn-Kala nature reserve in the Republic of Dagestan and many others.

Key areas of activity in the field of labor market development include:

· stimulating the creation of new jobs, including in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses;

creation of conditions conducive to improving the quality of the workforce ( educational programs professional training and retraining of personnel and unemployed citizens, support for employment and provision of internships for young people);

· creating conditions for the development of territorial mobility of citizens (employment of residents of the North Caucasian Federal District in other regions of the Russian Federation);

· Improving the efficiency of the functioning of special institutions in the labor market (development of employment centers and resource centers in the North Caucasus Federal District, improved coordination with employment centers in other regions of the Russian Federation).

In order to maximize the needs of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District in terms of personnel, it is necessary to develop short-term, medium-term and long-term forecasts of the needs of labor markets in professional personnel (jobs), as well as take the necessary measures to use the potential and experience of specialized leading higher educational institutions and educational institutions of secondary vocational education of the Russian Federation in the priority sectors for the specified federal district - tourism and services, construction and agriculture.

CONCLUSION

According to the level of social development, the NCFD ranks last place having only 47% of GDP per capita production from the national average. The standard of living of the population is low, all sectors of the social sphere are in decline. The difficult socio-economic situation is delaying the reform of the economy, although it should push for acceleration.

According to the level of development of market infrastructure, the district is one of the most prosperous. Almost 1/8 of Russian commercial banks are located here. Here good conditions and for highly profitable public enterprise.

Main directions and problems perspective development North Caucasus are:

Predominant development of consumer market sectors - agro-industrial and resort and recreational complexes;

Restoration, reconstruction and growth of mechanical engineering and chemical industries of chemical significance;

- the rise of the oil and oil refining industry and infrastructure;

- intensive deployment of a particularly effective agro-industrial complex;

- expansion and strengthening of the infrastructure of the unique resort and recreational complex;

- reconstruction and development of the transport complex as Russia's "southern gate" to the West;

- Strengthening the fuel and energy economy.

LIST OF SOURCES AND LITERATURE

I. Sources

1. Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the North Caucasus Federal District until 2025 (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 6, 2010 N 1485-r).

2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2010 No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 " Questions of the system and structure of federal executive bodies"

II. Special literature

1. Glushkova V.G., Simagin Yu.A. Federal districts of Russia. Regional economy. - M.: KNORUS, 2009. - 352 p.

2. Regional studies: Proc. for universities / Gladkiy Yu. N., Chistobaev A. I. -

M. : Gardariki, 2002. - 385 p.

3. Regional studies: Proc. A manual for university students studying in the specialties 350300 "Regional Studies", 350200 " International relationships" / Dergachev V.A., Vardomsky L.B. - M .: UNITY-DANA, 2004. - 463p.

III. Web sites

1. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/ (Results of the All-Russian Population Census)

2. http://skfo.gov.ru/

3. http://www.adm-kmv.ru/ (Administration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters)

4. http://www.garant.ru (Information and business portal)

5. http://www.skfo.ru/ (Official website of the North Caucasus Federal District)

Appendix 1

Urban and rural population in the North Caucasian Federal District e

Annex 2

Map of the North Caucasus Federal District

Regional studies: Textbook for universities / GladkyYu. N., Chistobaeva A. I .. - M .: Gardariki, 2002.S. 385.

Glushkova V.G., Simagin Yu.A. Federal districts of Russia. Regional economy. - M.: KNORUS, 2009. S. 352.

(Information and business portal)

http://skfo.gov.ru/ (Official site of the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District)

- was formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amending the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies" by separating from the Southern Federal District The center of the North Caucasian Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000, the name of the North Caucasian Federal District was borne by the Southern Federal District.

North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD)- includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern parts of the North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasian Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The regions of the North Caucasian Federal District are included in the North Caucasian Economic Region.
Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, agriculture, production of building materials.
The North Caucasus remains the most conflicted region in Russia.

NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
The administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District - Pyatigorsk

Republic of DAGESTAN - The administrative center of the city of Makhachkala
Republic of INGUSHETIA - The administrative center of the city of Magas
Republic of NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA - The administrative center of Vladikavkaz
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC - The administrative center of the city of Nalchik
KARACHAYEV-CHERKESS REPUBLIC - The administrative center of the city of Cherkessk
CHECHEN REPUBLIC - The administrative center of the city of Grozny
STAVROPOL Territory - The administrative center of the city of Stavropol

Cities of the North Caucasian Federal District.

Cities in the Republic of Dagestan: Buynaksk, Dagestan Lights, Derbent, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, Kizilyurt, Kizlyar, Khasavyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Makhachkala.

Cities in the Republic of Ingushetia: Karabulak, Malgobek, Nazran. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Magas.

Cities in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania: Alagir, Ardon, Beslan, Digora, Mozdok. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Vladikavkaz.

Cities in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic: Baksan, Maisky, Nartkala, Cool, Terek, Tyrnyauz, Chegem. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Nalchik.

Cities in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic: Karachaevsk, Teberda, Ust-Dzheguta. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Cherkessk.

Cities in the Chechen Republic: Argun, Gudermes, Urus-Martan, Shali. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Grozny.

Cities in Stavropol Krai: Grateful, Budennovsk, Georgievsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Zelenokumsk, Izobilny, Ipatovo, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, Mineralnye Vody, Mikhailovsk, Nevinnomyssk, Neftekumsk, Novoaleksandrovsk, Novopavlovsk, Pyatigorsk, Svetlograd. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Stavropol.

Scientific publications (articles and monographs) related to the region North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) published by the Creative Economy Publishing House (found: 27 for the period from 2008 to 2017).

1.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (№ 4 / 2017).
The subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District are among the regions with the most difficult agricultural production. The food and processing industry here is a vital area that has a direct and profound impact on the economy as a whole. Needs rebuilding and organizational structure interaction between food and processing industry enterprises, the main forms of which can be the use of integration forms such as cluster, holding and other structures.

Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L. Analysis of the state of the food and processing industry in the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District // Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 2017. - Volume 18. - No. 4. - p. 483-500. – doi: 10.18334/rp.18.4.37536 .

3. Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 22 / 2016).
The possibilities for a radical improvement in agriculture are due to the need to modernize the industry, accelerate the development of technical and technological conditions for conducting production. The dynamic socio-economic development of the macro-region will, in our opinion, create conditions for the development of related sectors of the economy and for the formation of new high-performance jobs in competitive industries, ensure a decrease in unemployment and an increase in real money incomes of the population, increase the volume of goods of own production and the volume of investments in fixed capital in the North Caucasian Federal District, as well as the volume of tax and non-tax revenues transferred to the budget system.

Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L. Prospects for the development of agriculture in the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District // Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 2016. - Volume 17. - No. 22. - p. 3107–3128. – doi: 10.18334/rp.17.22.36986 .

13. Anokhina M.E., Mochalnikov V.N., Korostelev D.G.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 9 / 2014).
The article presents the results of a study of the impact of cluster technologies on the process of socio-economic development of the region. The main advantages of cluster structures are shown, which provide an increase in the competitiveness of regions and innovative development of territories. On the example of the creation and development of the North Caucasian tourism cluster, the problems of using cluster technologies in management are revealed. regional development, and the problem of staffing is identified as the main one. To solve this problem, based on the forecast of the number of human resources and the existing educational potential of the region, the authors developed a model of an industry educational cluster in the field of tourism and service, recommended the organizational and functional structure of a corporate university, and formed a model for the interaction of an assessment and certification center with executive authorities, educational institutions and interested organizations.

Anokhina M.E., Mochalnikov V.N., Korostelev D.G. Cluster technologies in the regional development management system // Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 2014. - Volume 15. - No. 9. - p. 62-74. - url: .

16. Glaz Yu.A., Salpagarov R.U.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 5 / 2013).
Of all the regional labor markets of the North Caucasian Federal District, the instability of functioning is most characteristic of the labor market of the Stavropol Territory. In the article, the labor market of this region is assessed according to the "objective" criterion of segmentation: from the position of the distribution of the labor force by types of economic activity, the number of jobs occupied by industries, the size wages workers.

Glaz Yu.A., Salpagarov R.U. Segmentation of the labor market of the Stavropol Territory according to the object criterion // Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 2013. - Volume 14. - No. 5. - p. 131-135. - url: .

17. Abdulzhalilov M.M., Gadzhieva S.A.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 3 / 2013).
The growing differentiation of levels of regional economic development is one of the most serious threats to national and economic security. The article deals with the North Caucasian Federal District. According to the authors, a rational tax policy in this region can help reduce the differentiation of the level of its socio-economic development, compared with other territories of Russia.

Abdulzhalilov M.M., Gadzhieva S.A. North Caucasian Federal District: taxation and economic growth // Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 2013. - Volume 14. - No. 3. - p. 137-140. - url: .

19. Gichiev N.S., Surakatov N.S.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 19 / 2012).
In the article, the foreign economic activity of the region is considered in the context of the country's accession to the WTO, the need for the participation of certain territories, in particular the North Caucasus region, in world economic relations. The authors suggest using statistical accounting as a tool to identify and increase the role of foreign trade factors in accelerating the economic dynamics of the region.

Gichiev N.S., Surakatov N.S. Foreign economic activity in the North Caucasus region // Russian Entrepreneurship. - 2012. - Volume 13. - No. 19. - p. 145-150. - url: .

20. Tatuev A.A., Nagoev A.B., Gergova Z.Kh.
/ 2012. - url: .
The book discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations regional economy, as well as the problem of forming the prerequisites for its comprehensive modernization. The features of the formation of the Russian market economic space in modern conditions, trends and contradictions in the development of the North Caucasian Federal District are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the main directions and effective organizational and economic tools for the modernization of the regional economy.
The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, students, practitioners and heads of entities interested in the issues of modernization of the regional economy.

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