Children's 2017

Symptoms of hyperactivity in a child, correction, recommendations for adults. Hyperactivity in children (ADHD): diagnosis or parenting problems

In this article:

For many years, childhood hyperactivity has caused a lot of controversy and controversy. Doctors, teachers, psychologists look at this problem differently.

A lot of research has been done in recent years. It turned out that common signs of hyperactivity are present in children with developmental features of the nervous system. Usually the first manifestations of the disease are seen already in 2-3 years. At this time, the child goes to kindergarten. There he may encounter a number of problems: unwillingness to obey adults, constant activity, problems with communication.

He is really very active, he cannot sit still for a couple of minutes, and calm games are not for him. But if it seems to you that the child is simply cheerful and full of energy, then this is not so. His actions are spontaneous, nervousness is visible, he quickly starts to cry, does he have big problems with sleep? In such cases, it is necessary to seek the advice of a doctor.

What is hyperactivity

The concept of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been around for many years. This diagnosis is given to children all over the world. Its signs are known to all doctors, but parents cannot always recognize in time that the baby needs treatment. And is it even necessary? Let's understand what ADHD is.

The cause of all problems is the peculiarity of the functioning
nervous system in children. Weak central nervous system very poorly tolerates stress. And not only physical, but also psychological, mental, emotional.

Simply put, it takes a little for the child to get overexcited and move into a state of increased nervous activity. Such states are referred to as neurotic. Hence the many health implications:

  • sleep problems;
  • increased sweating;
  • problems with the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • speech disorders;
  • high blood pressure.

Remember that your child himself is very difficult. Remember the situation when you were very nervous, everything fell out of your hands, you yourself did not know what to take on in the first place. Now imagine that your baby lives like this every day.

Bad Education?

Parents of a child with ADHD often hear that the child is poorly brought up. This is insulting to the mother, especially if she makes great efforts to help him. He broke a plate at a party, cannot complete the task in the kindergarten to the end, gets into conversations, runs away in the middle of class - those around him immediately say that he is poorly educated.

Often problems
education is really present. But the point here is not that parents do not pay attention to education. The standard methods just don't work here. If you notice all these signs and consult a doctor, he will definitely explain to you what to do.

We have to change the tactics of education. You will need:

  • rigid time frames (the baby has a poor idea of ​​\u200b\u200btime);
  • a clear sequence of actions;
  • logical arguments;
  • logical explanations;
  • logic in punishments;
  • the ability to find a compromise.

Of course, there is no need to explain all these subtleties to the curious on the playground. Your child needs your help first and foremost. Help him, ask specialists, communicate with those mothers who have the same problems.

With the right upbringing, you can significantly alleviate the condition of the baby. He will study, he will have friends and the most ordinary life of a child.

The main signs of hyperactivity

After 30-40 minutes with such a crumb, you will definitely understand that something is wrong with him. A hyperactive baby shows the following signs:


7 Classic Signs of ADHD

There are 7 signs that neurologists and psychologists use to make a definitive diagnosis.


ADHD or just a curious toddler?

Parents should be well aware of the difference and not be scared in vain. The most ordinary inquisitive kid who never loses heart. He is interested in everything, he constantly wants to do something, climb somewhere. Usually his games are accompanied by the roar of objects and his merry laughter. He really has a lot of energy. At 2-3 years old, this is quite normal. True, for parents, such behavior is difficult, because the baby needs an eye and an eye.

Remember these signs of a healthy growing baby. Now remember again what we said about the hyperactive child. He does not have such a positive character - there is a lot of nervousness in his actions, he quickly turns to crying. It is hard for him to play with other children, because he has to follow their rules, but he cannot do this. We can say that his activities are unfocused. The kid can forget why he did something, why he cried, what he fought for. Or, having achieved the desired role in the game, he drops everything and leaves. Changes in activities are usually spontaneous.

These two kids are completely different. The first needs only a good upbringing, and the second, unfortunately, will need help.

What to do next

Hyper active child needs your love, understanding, care and acceptance. To scold him for what he cannot change is stupid and wrong. But this does not mean that you allow any of his behavior. You need to figure out how you will build his preschool and school life, communication, when he may need the help of a specialist.

Kindergarten

This is usually the least problem. Children have a lot of free time to play and there is no such strict discipline. Toddlers with ADHD have longer and more painful adjustments to kindergarten. They are very attached to their mother, without her they begin to act up, behave unbalanced.

It is best if the child is taken to kindergarten for the first 1-3 months
someone else. Grandmother, dad, a neighbor who leads her baby to the same garden, a nanny. So it will be easier.

You have a choice:

  • ordinary kindergarten;
  • a special preschool for children with neurological problems.

Many psychologists believe that it is better to send the baby to a regular kindergarten. Yes, it will be hard at first. But the baby will learn to overcome many of his social problems. Being in a society and not following its laws is a difficult test. But it will help you adapt.

If the problem is very acute, then it is better not to torment your child and other children. Take him to a place where professional educators are guaranteed to be able to help. The child there will receive more attention and no less knowledge and skills.

School

If after kindergarten you see that the situation is leveling off, then go to a regular school. Warn the teacher that the child has ADHD. An experienced and intelligent teacher will treat this normally, and not biased.

Studying at school requires a stricter disciplinary framework. Here
it will no longer be possible to get up in the middle of the lesson and run to play. Or discard an uninteresting task. You should start worrying about this in advance.

You can do small activities at home with the baby, beating school situations. He is the student, you are the teacher. Give him assignments, explain everything about lessons and changes. If the child is ready, and the situation is not new, then it is much easier to adapt to the new environment.

If there were problems and a special institution was recommended to you even in the kindergarten, then it is better to continue your education in it. Special schools do not differ in their program from general education. At the exit, the child will receive exactly the same diploma as students in ordinary schools.

But in such a school there are more adults who are ready to help. Here teachers, nannies, small groups are formed from students, which means that everyone can be given maximum attention. This is also behavioral control. It happens that after 1-3 years in such a school, the baby can already be transferred to a regular one.

Communication with peers

Your child may experience serious difficulties in communicating with other babies. However, you shouldn't scold him. He does not always understand that he offends kids when he wants to play by his own rules and keep
interesting play roles.

Worth doing it at home. Try to play social scenes, stick to game scenarios. Explain to the kid logically that he can not always be a prince or a superhero. Sometimes you have to accept another role. Or objectively prove that he will do better with this or that playing role. And you can do it in a simple way: today you will be an evil character, and tomorrow you will be kind. The logic of your explanations will help him cope with discontent or aggression.

Consultation with a psychologist

Whatever the level of ADHD, a psychologist should be visited. It is important that a professional clearly shows parents the principles of working with a baby. The specialist sees signs of the development of the problem. Visit him 1-2 times a year for a consultation. This can be useful, because by the age of 6-7, the baby will desperately need to know the answers to the questions:

  • why other kids don't want to play with me?
  • Does the teacher scold me more often than others?
  • Am I any worse?
  • why do i go to another school?

A professional can easily answer these and other questions.

Surveys

A whole range of surveys is being carried out. Family history is very important, especially if there are other examples of children with hyperactivity in the family. The doctor will definitely ask you to talk about the course of pregnancy, show tests and studies.
Hyperactivity can often be indicated by:

  • severe toxicosis;
  • maternal high blood pressure;
  • too fast delivery;
  • too slow delivery;
  • complications, hypoxia.

This can lead to disruption of the central nervous system of the baby.

Examinations are carried out by a therapist, neurologist, neuropathologist, psychologist, defectologist.

Is therapy necessary?

Mom cannot make such a decision on her own. Even if the crumbs have all the signs of hyperactivity. Be sure to wait for the doctor's opinion, prescribing medications. The child may be receiving medication. It serves solely to reduce the level of nervous tension. You don't have to take it all the time. Already by the beginning of puberty, therapy is being revised.

Questions for a child psychologist

Not all parents can immediately figure out what an ADHD diagnosis means. Someone thinks that nothing terrible is happening, everything will pass by itself. Others are very concerned, attributing a variety of traits to ADHD. The most important thing for mom and dad is to find a good specialist. With him it will be possible to calmly discuss all the nuances of working with the baby, training, therapy, classes.

So, let's look at the most frequently asked questions to specialists regarding children with ADHD.

At 3 years old, the baby was diagnosed with ADHD. They prescribed medication. What happens if you do not give the pill to the child?

Of course, parents can choose whether the child will receive therapy or not. Drug treatment is usually recommended. Yes, many parents say that feeding a baby at 2 years old with pills, and it’s still not known which ones, is not the most best idea. Others are simply afraid of such advice from a doctor.

However, it
drug therapy is designed for this age. Typically, ADHD is diagnosed at this time. Tablets will not harm the health of the crumbs and certainly will not cause addiction in him. Do not think that by starting to give medicines now, you doom the crumbs to taking pills for life.

Many drugs are canceled already in adolescence with the advent of puberty. Of course, there are serious cases. But remember that the doctor prescribes medications to relieve symptoms. It will be easier for the child to communicate, he will be able to study calmly at school, enter a university. Medicines allow him to lead a very ordinary life. After all, this is what you go for your crumbs.

The so-called hyperactivity of the son only in the kindergarten. At home, he behaves calmly, quietly. What does it mean?

Most likely, there is no hyperactivity here. In the medical, medical sense of the word. Just you
active child. The kindergarten is full of other children and toys. There he found himself and feels free.

Perhaps the teachers are complaining. Breaks everything, does not want to eat, can bully other children, does not go to bed on time? This is a reason to go to a child psychologist. He, most likely, will simply teach you how to soothe the baby, prescribe baths with aromatic oils before going to bed. Your baby is active, he is cheerful and inquisitive, which is especially pronounced in the society of peers.

If a child has ADHD, does this mean that he will not be able to study in a regular school?

It all depends on the degree of the disease. If it is minimal, then the child will be able to study in a regular school, graduate from it, enter
University or college. It will not be easy, not like with other children. But ADHD is quite manageable. It is necessary to engage in the upbringing of the baby, to inform the teacher.

A special school is not a place where the mentally retarded or unpromising learn. There, children are provided with the conditions in which they can learn, communicate and develop without any problems. There is nothing to be ashamed of for parents.

Do children with hyperactivity disorder have reduced intelligence?

Such combinations happen, but quite rarely. In this case, we are talking about complex disorders of the brain and nervous system. In most cases, the intelligence of the baby is quite normal.

I don't understand this diagnosis. Which doctor should I contact to explain everything to us in detail?

Worth a visit to your pediatrician. Tell him everything about the existing problems, share your suspicions. If there are any conclusions from the kindergarten teacher, bring them. In any case, the pediatrician will prescribe an examination for the child. Then you can get to a therapist, neurologist, psychologist or even a psychiatrist. It all depends on what the reasons for your diagnosis are. There is no need to be afraid of doctors. The most "terrible" examination for the crumbs can be a blood test. Everything else doesn't hurt at all.

Each child is active and inquisitive, but there are children whose activity is increased compared to their peers. Can such children be called hyperactive or is it a manifestation of the child's character? And is the child's hyperactive behavior normal or does it require treatment?


What is hyperactivity

This is the abbreviation for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which is also abbreviated as ADHD. This is a very common brain disorder in childhood which is also found in many adults. According to statistics, 1-7% of children have hyperactivity syndrome. Boys are diagnosed with it 4 times more often than girls.

Timely recognized hyperactivity, which requires therapy, allows the child to form normal behavior and better adapt in a team among other people. If you leave ADHD in a child without attention, it persists into older age. A teenager with such a disorder acquires school skills worse, is more prone to antisocial behavior, he is hostile and aggressive.


ADHD - a syndrome of excessive impulsivity, hyperactivity and persistent inattention

Signs of ADHD

Not every active and easily excited child is classified as a child who has hyperactivity syndrome.

To diagnose ADHD, you should identify the main symptoms of such a disorder in a child, which manifest themselves:

  1. Attention deficit.
  2. impulsivity.
  3. Hyperactivity.

Symptoms usually appear before the age of 7 years. Most often, parents notice them at 4 or 5 years old, and most often age period Seeing a specialist is 8 years and older, when the child is faced with many tasks at school and at home, where his concentration and independence are needed. Babies who are not yet 3 years old are not diagnosed immediately. They are observed for some time to make sure they have ADHD.

Depending on the predominance of specific signs, two subtypes of the syndrome are distinguished - with attention deficit and with hyperactivity. Separately, a mixed subtype of ADHD is distinguished, in which the child has symptoms of both attention deficit and hyperactivity.


Signs of hyperactivity are more common in children 4-5 years old.

Attention Deficit Symptoms:

  1. The child cannot focus on objects for a long time. He often makes careless mistakes.
  2. The child fails to maintain attention for a long time, which is why he is not collected during the task and often does not complete the task to the end.
  3. When the child is addressed, it seems that he is not listening.
  4. If you give a direct instruction to a child, he does not follow it or starts to follow it and does not finish it.
  5. It is difficult for a child to organize his activities. He often switches from one activity to another.
  6. The child does not like tasks that require a long mental effort. He tries to avoid them.
  7. The child often loses things that he needs.
  8. The baby is easily distracted by extraneous noise.
  9. In everyday activities, the child is noted for increased forgetfulness.

Children with ADHD have attention span

Hyperactive children find it difficult to complete tasks that require mental stress

Manifestations of impulsivity and hyperactivity:

  1. The child often gets up from his seat.
  2. When the child is worried, he intensively moves his legs or arms. In addition, the baby periodically shudders in a chair.
  3. He gets up very abruptly and often runs.
  4. It is difficult for him to participate in quiet games.
  5. His actions can be described as "wound up".
  6. During classes, he may shout from a place or make noise.
  7. The child responds before hearing the full question.
  8. He is unable to wait his turn during class or play.
  9. The child constantly interferes in other people's activities or their conversations.

To make a diagnosis, a child must have at least 6 of the above signs, and they must be observed for a long time (at least six months).

How hyperactivity manifests itself at an early age

Hyperactivity syndrome is detected not only in schoolchildren, but also in children before school age and even breastfeeding.

In the smallest, this problem is manifested by the following symptoms:

  • Faster physical development when compared with peers. Babies with hyperactivity are much quicker to roll over, crawl, and start walking.
  • The appearance of whims when the child is tired. Hyperactive children often get excited and become more active before going to bed.
  • Less sleep duration. A toddler with ADHD sleeps much less than normal for his age.
  • Difficulty falling asleep (many babies need to be rocked) and very light sleep. A hyperactive child reacts to any rustle, and if he wakes up, it is very difficult for him to fall asleep again.
  • A very violent reaction to a loud sound, a new environment and unfamiliar faces. Because of such factors, babies with hyperactivity become excited and begin to act up more.
  • Quick switching of attention. Having offered the baby a new toy, the mother notices that new item attracts the attention of the crumbs for a very short time.
  • Strong attachment to mother and fear of strangers.


If the baby is often capricious, reacts violently to a new environment, sleeps little and has difficulty falling asleep, this may be the first signs of ADHD.

ADHD or character?

The increased activity of the child may be a manifestation of his innate temperament.

Unlike children with ADHD, a temperamentally healthy child:



Causes of hyperactivity in children

Previously, the occurrence of ADHD was associated mainly with brain damage, for example, if a newborn suffered hypoxia while he was in mother's womb or during childbirth. Nowadays, studies have confirmed the impact on the appearance of the syndrome of hyperactivity of the genetic factor and disorders of intrauterine development of the crumbs. The development of ADHD is facilitated by too early childbirth, caesarean section, low birth weight crumbs, a long anhydrous period in childbirth, the use of forceps, and similar factors.


ADHD can occur with difficult births, impaired intrauterine development, or be inherited

What to do

If you suspect that your child has hyperactivity syndrome, the first thing to do is to go to a specialist. Many parents do not immediately go to the doctor, because they do not dare to admit the problem in the child and are afraid of the condemnation of acquaintances. By such actions, they miss time, as a result of which hyperactivity causes serious problems with the social adaptation of the child.

There are also parents who bring a completely healthy child to a psychologist or psychiatrist when they cannot or do not want to find an approach to him. This is often observed during crisis periods of development, for example, at 2 years or during a three-year crisis. At the same time, the baby does not have any hyperactivity.


If you find some signs of hyperactivity in your child, contact a specialist without postponing this problem for later

In all these cases, without the help of a specialist, it will not work to determine whether the child really needs medical help or whether he just has a bright temperament.

If a child has a confirmed hyperactivity syndrome, then the following methods will be used in his treatment:

  1. Explanatory work with parents. The doctor should explain to mom and dad why the child has hyperactivity, how such a syndrome manifests itself, how to behave with the child and how to properly educate him. Thanks to such educational work, parents stop blaming themselves or each other for the behavior of the child, and also understand how to behave with the baby.
  2. Changing learning conditions. If hyperactivity is diagnosed in a student with poor academic performance, he is transferred to a specialized class. This helps to cope with the delay in the formation of school skills.
  3. Medical therapy. Drugs prescribed for ADHD are symptomatic and effective in 75-80% of cases. They help facilitate the social adaptation of children with hyperactivity and improve their intellectual development. As a rule, drugs are prescribed for a long period, sometimes until adolescence.


Treatment for ADHD takes place not only with medication, but also under the supervision of a psychiatrist

Komarovsky's opinion

A popular doctor has many times in his practice encountered children diagnosed with ADHD. The main difference between such a medical diagnosis and hyperactivity as character traits, Komarovsky calls the fact that hyperactivity does not prevent a healthy child from developing and communicating with other members of society. If a child has a disease, without the help of parents and doctors, he cannot become a full-fledged member of the team, study normally and communicate with peers.

To make sure if the child is healthy or has ADHD, Komarovsky advises contacting a child psychologist or psychiatrist, since only a qualified specialist will not only easily identify hyperactivity in a child as a disease, but will also help parents understand how to raise a child with ADHD.


  • When communicating with a baby, it is important to establish contact. If required, for this child, you can touch the shoulder, turn it around, remove the toy from his field of vision, turn off the TV.
  • Parents must define specific and achievable rules for the child, but it is important that they are adhered to at all times. In addition, each such rule should be clear to the child.
  • The space in which it lives hyperactive child should be completely secure.
  • The regime should be followed constantly, even if the parents have a day off. According to Komarovsky, it is very important for hyperactive children to wake up, eat, walk, swim, go to bed and perform other usual daily activities at the same time.
  • All complex tasks for hyperactive children must be broken down into parts that will be understandable and easy to complete.
  • The child should be constantly praised, noting and emphasizing all the positive actions of the baby.
  • Find what the hyperactive child does best, and then create conditions so that the child can do this work, getting satisfaction from it.
  • Provide a child with hyperactivity with the opportunity to spend excess of their energy, directing it in the right direction (for example, walking the dog, attending sports sections).
  • When going shopping or visiting with your child, consider in detail what you will do, for example, what to take with you or what to buy for your child.
  • Parents should also take care of their own rest, because, as Komarovsky emphasizes, it is very important for a hyperactive baby that dad and mom are calm, peaceful and adequate.

From the following video you can learn even more about hyperactive children.

You will learn about the role of parents and many important nuances by watching the video of clinical psychologist Veronika Stepanova.

Every child is active and inquisitive - this is the norm, because the baby is actively learning about the world around him, and everything that happens around him is of genuine interest. If the activity of the child is excessive, this can be considered a pathology.

Therefore, parents should carefully note any changes in the condition of the baby, because they may indicate abnormalities, such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

What symptoms and signs indicate the presence of hyperactivity in infants and children under one year old? Let's tell you more.

Characteristics of the pathology

Hyperactivity - a deviation in the work of the nervous system, in which all processes in the brain responsible for excitation occur more intensively than in children of a particular age group.

Brain cells constantly produce nerve impulses which are responsible for all vital processes in the body.

In hyperactive children, this happens more intensely: they are restless, inattentive, disobedient.

And this is not a feature of character or temperament, which the baby has not yet formed.

Manifestations of pathology occur in 5-7% of newborns under the age of 1 year, and boys face the problem much more often.

A hyperactive child is distinguished by good physical development, quickly masters motor skills (the ability to roll over, sit, crawl).

Etiology of the disease

Syndrome in infants can develop due to numerous reasons.

Adverse factors are usually divided into 3 groups: intrauterine, that is, developing in the process of gestation, generic (arising during childbirth), other risk factors.

Intrauterine causes include fetal hypoxia, malnutrition of the expectant mother, the presence of bad habits susceptibility to stress and depression.

Generic factors include:

  • Complications during childbirth (use of aids for successful delivery).
  • Protracted or rapid childbirth.
  • Injuries received while passing through the birth canal.
  • Delivery ahead of schedule.

The risk of developing pathology is increased by aggravated heredity, severe intoxication of the body of a pregnant woman or fetus.

Main features

It is difficult to identify pathology in infants, because the character of the child, his temperament and behavior model have not yet been fully determined. He still cannot express emotions, characterize his condition.

What may indicate the presence of deviations:

  • Sleep disturbance, when a child can wake up several times, reacting to even the smallest noise. Often such children confuse the daily routine, that is, they sleep almost all the time during the day, and are awake at night.
  • Increased motor activity. The limbs are constantly moving, and there is little activity during periods of sleep.
  • Strong and prolonged crying. The baby screams even when he does not feel hunger, pain or discomfort.
  • Excessive muscle tension, hypertonicity.
  • Abundant regurgitation, turning into vomiting, which are observed both immediately after feeding and after a while.
  • Increased excitability. Any irritants, for example, bright light, sounds, can unbalance the child.
  • It is very difficult to swaddle a baby: he actively resists.
  • He pays attention to toys, however, such attention is short-term.
  • He reacts negatively to the presence of strangers, unfamiliar people.

These symptoms can also appear in healthy babies, however, this happens periodically, for example, if something bothers them (colic, hunger, wet diapers).

In hyperactive children, such manifestations are permanent.

Should the child be treated?

It happens that the presence of the symptoms mentioned above is not a pathology. The child does not require specific treatment.

You should not worry if:

  • The kid actively moves during the day, but, when tired, prefers quieter activities (hyperactive children practically do not get tired).
  • He sleeps normally during the day and hardly wakes up at night (depending on age).
  • During a tantrum, the baby is easy to calm down, distract with something interesting for him.
  • The baby does not show excessive aggression; at the end of the first year of life, it begins to adequately respond to prohibitions.

In all other situations, medical attention will be required.

Do you have a hyperactive child? How can you help such a child? We have a lot of tips and advice on this subject. Read these articles:

Therapy for hyperactivity can be drug or non-drug..

For infants, drugs are rarely used, more often - non-drug methods of treatment.

Eliminate unpleasant manifestations of pathology:

Excessive activity, mobility are not always signs of pathology. Perhaps these are the first manifestations of the stormy temperament of the child.

Several Yet interesting facts Learn about hyperactivity in children from this video:

If the symptoms of the problem occur regularly, You can't ignore these warning signs..

Over time, the problem will only get worse. It is important to seek medical attention in a timely manner.

In contact with

One of the most common diseases in children is hyperactivity. According to statistics, 20% of children aged 3 to 5 years have this diagnosis. It is then that the disease is most manifested.

A hyperactive child experiences inconvenience during training, is poorly socialized. It is difficult for him to establish contact with peers, to focus on gaining knowledge. Pathology may be accompanied by other diseases of the nervous system.

In 1970, hyperactivity was included in the international classification of diseases. She was given the name ADHD, or Attention Deficit Disorder. The disease is a violation of the brain, which entails constant nervous tension. Children shock adults with their behavior, which does not correspond to established norms.

Teachers usually complain about too mobile students. They are restless, constantly undermining discipline. Mental and physical activity is increased. Memory and motor skills may remain intact. The disease is most common in boys.

Reasons for the development of pathology

Most often, brain malfunctions are laid in utero. Hyperactivity can lead to:

  • finding the uterus in good shape (threat of abortion);
  • hypoxia;
  • smoking or malnutrition of the mother during pregnancy;
  • constant stress experienced by a woman.

Sometimes pathology occurs due to a violation of the birth process:

  • swiftness;
  • prolonged period of contractions or attempts;
  • the use of drugs for stimulation;
  • childbirth up to 38 weeks.

Least of all, hyperactivity syndrome appears due to other reasons not related to the process of giving birth to a baby:

  • diseases of the nervous system;
  • family problems (conflicts, tensions between mom and dad);
  • overly strict upbringing;
  • chemical poisoning;
  • dietary disturbance.

The listed reasons are risk factors. Not necessarily in the process of rapid childbirth, a baby with this syndrome is born. If the pregnant mother was constantly nervous, often lay on the save due to uterine hypertonicity or oligohydramnios, then the risk of ADHD increases.

Symptoms of pathology

It is difficult enough to separate excessive activity and simple mobility. Many parents misdiagnose their children with ADHD when the problem is not there. Some symptoms may indicate neurasthenia, so you can not prescribe treatment yourself. If hyperactivity is suspected, contact a specialist.

Before the age of 1 year, brain disorders manifest themselves as symptoms:

  • excessive excitability;
  • a violent reaction to daily procedures (crying during bathing, massage, hygiene procedures);
  • increased sensitivity to stimuli: sound, light;
  • problems with sleep (the crumbs periodically wake up at night, stay awake for a long time during the day, it is difficult to fit);
  • lagging behind in psychomotor development (they start crawling, walking, talking, sitting later).

Children under 2-3 years of age may have speech problems. She has been at the babbling stage for a long time, the baby has difficulty forming phrases, complex sentences.

Up to a year, hyperactivity is not diagnosed, since the symptoms described may appear due to the whims of the crumbs, disturbances in the digestive system, or teething.

Psychologists around the world have recognized that there is a crisis of 3 years. With hyperactivity, it passes sharply. At the same time, older family members think about socialization. They start to drive the baby in preschool institutions. This is where ADHD starts to show up:

  • restlessness;
  • chaotic movements;
  • motor disorders (clumsiness, inability to properly hold cutlery or a pencil);
  • speech problems;
  • inattention;
  • disobedience.

Parents may find it difficult to get their preschooler to sleep. In the evening, a three-year-old begins to show severe fatigue. The baby begins to cry for no reason, to show aggression. This is how accumulated fatigue makes itself felt, but despite it, the baby continues to move, actively play, and talk loudly.

Most often, ADHD is diagnosed in children between the ages of 4 and 5. If mom and dad paid little attention to the health of a preschooler, then the symptoms will appear in primary school. They will be visible:

  • inability to concentrate;
  • restlessness: during the lesson, the student jumps up from his seat;
  • problems with the perception of adult speech;
  • irascibility;
  • frequent nervous tics;
  • lack of independence, incorrect assessment of one's strengths;
  • severe headaches;
  • imbalance;
  • enuresis;
  • numerous phobias, increased anxiety.

You may notice that a hyperactive student has excellent intelligence, but he has problems with academic performance. As a rule, the syndrome is accompanied by conflicts with peers.

Other children shy away from overly mobile babies, because they are difficult to find with them. mutual language. Children with ADHD often become the instigators of conflicts. They are overly touchy, impulsive, aggressive, mistakenly assess the consequences of their actions.

Features of the syndrome

For most adults, a diagnosis of ADHD sounds like a death sentence. They consider their children mentally retarded or handicapped. it big mistake on their part: due to prevailing myths, parents forget that a hyperactive baby:

  1. Creative. He is full of ideas, and his imagination is better developed than that of ordinary children. If the elders help him, then he can become an excellent specialist with a non-standard approach or creative person with many ideas.
  2. The owner of a flexible mind. He finds a solution to a difficult problem, making his work easier.
  3. Enthusiast, bright personality. He is interested in many things, he tries to attract attention to himself, seeks to communicate with as much as possible. large quantity human.
  4. Unpredictable, energetic. This quality can be called both positive and negative. On the one hand, he has enough strength for many different things, and on the other hand, it is simply impossible to keep him in place.

It is believed that a baby with hyperactivity is constantly moving randomly. This is a persistent myth. If the lesson completely absorbed the preschooler, he will spend several hours behind him. It is important to encourage such hobbies.

Parents need to understand that hyperactivity in children does not affect intelligence and talent. These are often gifted children, in addition to treatment, they need education aimed at developing the skills given by nature. Usually they sing, dance, construct, recite poems well, perform in public with pleasure.

Types of disease

Hyperactivity syndrome in children can have different symptoms, since this disease has several forms:

  1. Attention deficit without excessive activity. Most often this variety occurs in girls. They dream a lot, have a wild imagination, often lie.
  2. Increased excitability without attention deficit. This is the rarest pathology, accompanied by damage to the central nervous system.
  3. Classic ADHD. The most common form, its flow scenario is individual in each case.

Regardless of how the disease proceeds, it must be treated. To do this, you need to go through several examinations, interact with doctors, psychologists, and teachers. In most cases, children are prescribed sedatives. Consultation of a psychoanalyst is obligatory for parents. They must learn to accept the disease, not to hang "labels" on the baby.

Features of diagnostics

At the first contact with specialists, it is impossible to make a diagnosis. For the final verdict, observation is required, lasting about six months. It is carried out by experts:

  • psychologist;
  • neurologist;
  • psychiatrist.

All family members are often afraid of going to a psychiatrist. Do not hesitate to come to him for a consultation. An experienced specialist will help you correctly assess the condition of a small patient, prescribe treatment. The examination should include:

  • conversation or interview;
  • observation of behavior;
  • neuropsychological testing;
  • completion of questionnaires by parents.

Based on these data, doctors receive complete information about the behavior of a small patient, which allows them to distinguish an active baby from one that has disorders. Other pathologies may be hiding behind hyperactivity, so you should be prepared for the passage:

  • brain MRI;
  • ECHO KG;
  • blood tests.

In order to timely identify comorbidities, it is necessary to consult with an endocrinologist, epileptologist, speech therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist. It is important to wait for the final diagnosis.
If doctors refuse to send for examinations, contact the head of the polyclinic or act through psychologists from educational institutions.

Complex treatment

There is no universal pill for ADHD yet. Children are always prescribed complex treatment. Some tips for helping a hyperactive child:

  1. Correction of physical activity. Children are not allowed to play sports with competitive elements. Demonstration of achievements (without marks), static loads are allowed. Suitable sports: swimming, skiing, cycling. Aerobic activities are allowed.
  2. Interaction with a psychologist. Techniques are used to reduce the level of anxiety of a small patient, to increase his sociability. Success scenarios are modeled, classes are selected that help increase self-esteem. The specialist gives exercises for the development of memory, speech, attention. If the violations are serious, then a speech therapist is involved in corrective classes.
  3. Useful change of scenery, environment. If the treatment is beneficial, the attitude towards the baby will be better in the new team.
  4. Parents are overreacting to behavioral problems in their children. Mothers are often diagnosed with depression, irritability, impulsiveness, intolerance. Visiting a psychotherapist with the whole family allows you to quickly cope with hyperactivity.
  5. Autotraining, classes in sensory relaxation rooms. They improve the activity of the nervous system, stimulate the cerebral cortex.
  6. Correction of the behavior of the whole family, changing habits, daily routine.
  7. Therapy with medications. In America, psychostimulants are often prescribed for ADHD. In Russia, they are prohibited for use, since this group of medicines has a lot side effects. Doctors recommend nootropic drugs and sedatives, which use herbal ingredients.

Drug therapy is used only when other methods of influence have not brought results. The use of nootropics in hyperactivity has no evidence base, they are usually prescribed to improve the blood supply to the brain, normalize metabolic processes in it. The use of these drugs improves memory and concentration.

Parents should be prepared for the fact that the course of treatment will last several months. Medicines a positive effect is given in 4-6 months, and it will take more than one year to deal with a psychologist.

No one can diagnose ADHD without testing. Signs of hyperactivity in children can only be seen by a specialist. You should not self-diagnose and prescribe medications. Do not neglect the recommendations of specialists and regularly conduct examinations. Many are interested in the features of the life of a family with a hyperactive child - what should parents do - the advice of a psychologist in this case is as follows:

  1. Organize the day. Incorporate unchanging rituals into it. For example, before going to bed, bathe the baby, change into pajamas and read a fairy tale. Do not change the daily routine, this will save you from tantrums and excitement in the evening.
  2. A calm and friendly environment at home will help minimize energy emissions. Unexpected arrivals of guests and noisy parties are not the right atmosphere for children with hyperactivity.
  3. Choose a sports section and follow the regularity of attending classes.
  4. If the situation allows, do not limit the activity of the crumbs. He will throw out his energy and become calmer.
  5. For children with ADHD, punishments in the form of prolonged sitting in place, doing tedious work are not suitable.

Many are interested in how to calm a hyperactive child. To do this, psychotherapists give individual consultations based on a change in the educational process. First of all, keep in mind that with ADHD, children deny any inhibitions.

Using the words "no" and "can't" is sure to provoke a tantrum. Psychologists recommend making sentences without using direct negatives.

Tantrums must be prevented. This can be done through behavior modification.

Another problem with ADHD is the lack of control over time and frequent switching of attention. Gently return the baby to the goal. Make sure that the task takes a certain amount of time to complete. Give directions or run classes in sequence. Don't ask multiple questions at the same time.

Spend a lot of time with overly active children, pay attention to them. Engage in joint activities with them: walk in the forest, pick berries and mushrooms, go on picnics or go hiking.

At the same time, avoid noisy events that stimulate the psyche. Change the background of life. Instead of TV, turn on calm music, limit the time you watch cartoons.

If a hyperactive baby is overexcited, do not yell at him and exclude physical violence. Talk to him in a calm and firm tone, hug him, take him to a quiet place (away from other children and people), find words of comfort, listen.

Features of the learning process

Treatment of hyperactivity in school-age children should be carried out in conjunction with teachers. They should be aware of the problems of the student and be able to captivate him in the classroom. Most often, programs with creative elements in classes, facilitated presentation of material, are used for this.

Now, inclusive education is developing throughout the country, which, with the syndrome, allows children to gain knowledge not at home, but in a team. Problems and misunderstandings are not ruled out. The teacher must be able to resolve conflicts in the classroom.

During the lesson, hyperactive children need to be involved in active actions. The teacher should give such students small assignments. They can wash the board, take out the trash, hand out notebooks, go for chalk. A little warm-up during the lesson will allow you to throw out the accumulated energy.

Possible consequences

Do not let pathology take its course. The child is not able to cope with ADHD on their own. He won't outgrow this syndrome.

In advanced cases, hyperactivity leads to manifestations of physical aggression against oneself and others:

  • bullying of peers;
  • fights;
  • attempts to beat parents;
  • suicidal tendencies.

Often a hyperactive student with a high IQ graduates with unsatisfactory grades. He cannot get an education at a university or college, he is experiencing problems with employment.

In an unfavorable social atmosphere, a grown-up student leads a marginal lifestyle, takes drugs or abuses alcohol.

In a supportive environment, ADHD can be beneficial. Mozart and Einstein are known to have had this syndrome. However, do not rely only on natural data. Help your child realize their importance and channel their energy in the right direction.

Introduction.

1. Signs of hyperactivity in a child.

2. Causes of hyperactivity.

3. Ways correction of hyperactivity. Interaction of parents with hyperactive children.

Conclusion.

List of used literature.

Introduction

Relevance of the research topic. Hyperactivity disorder in children is a very common behavioral and emotional disorder in children. Hyperactivity syndrome is immediately noticeable against the background of others. The child does not sit still for a minute, is constantly on the move, never brings the matter to the end, quits and immediately takes on another. Symptoms are observed in 3-5% of the child population.

Often children with symptoms of this disease are called hyperactive. The disease in children under one year is less common than in infants. Hyperactivity in children under one year old has individual signs. Treatment of hyperactivity in children is the work of an experienced psychologist.

Hyperactivity syndrome in children is expressed in increased mobility. The child is not able to sit still, constantly spinning, now he was doing one thing, a minute later - another, and therefore it is not surprising that everything remains incomplete. A child with signs of hyperactivity is constantly on the move, when spoken to, does not seem to hear or pay attention. Due to restlessness, he does not perceive the material well, he is poorly trained.

The purpose of this work is to consider the causes of the appearance of a symptom of hyperactivity in children and to determine the ways of correction.

Tasks:

  • consider signs of hyperactivity in a child;
  • study the causes of hyperactivity;
  • determine ways to correct hyperactivity, ways of interaction between parents and hyperactive children.

1. Signs of hyperactivity in a child

As a rule, such kids are called “motors”, “perpetual motion” or “like on hinges”, because they are constantly in motion. They cannot sit still, they constantly jump, run, their hands endlessly touch something, throw it, break it. Such children are very curious, but their curiosity is a momentary phenomenon, therefore, as a rule, they rarely catch the essence.

Curiosity is not characteristic of hyperactive children, they do not ask questions “why”, “why” at all. Even if they ask, they forget to listen to the answer.

Despite the constant movement in which the child is, he has some coordination disorders: clumsy, awkward in movement, constantly drops objects, often falls, breaks toys. The body of hyperactive babies is constantly covered in scratches, abrasions, bruises and bumps, but they do not draw conclusions from this and fill the bumps again.

Characteristic features in behavior are absent-mindedness, negativism, restlessness, inattention, frequent changes in mood, stubbornness, irascibility and aggressiveness. Such children often find themselves at the center of the unfolding events, as they are the noisiest.

A hyperactive child does not understand the task, hardly learns any new skills. Quite often, the self-esteem of hyperactive children is underestimated. The child does not know how to relax during the day, calms down only during sleep.

Often such a child does not sleep during the day even in infancy, but his nighttime sleep is very restless. Such children attract attention when they are in public places, because they touch, grab, and do not listen to their parents all the time.

2. Causes of hyperactivity

There are many opinions on the causes of hyperactivity in children. The most common ones are:

  • genetic predisposition (heredity);
  • biological (birth trauma, organic damage to the baby's brain during pregnancy);
  • socio-psychological (alcoholism of parents, microclimate in the family, living conditions, wrong line of education).

Hyperactivity of the child manifests itself in preschool age. At home, hyperactive children are constantly compared with their older brothers, peers who have good academic performance and exemplary behavior, from which they suffer greatly.

Parents are often annoyed by their indiscipline, obsession, restlessness, emotional instability, carelessness. Hyperactive children cannot approach the implementation of various assignments with due responsibility, help their parents.

At the same time, punishments and comments do not give proper results. Over time, the current situation only worsens, especially when the child goes to school. In development school curriculum Difficulties immediately arise, hence self-doubt develops, disagreements in relationships with peers and teachers, and violations in the child's behavior intensify. Often it is at school that a child has problems with attention.

Despite the above, hyperactive children are intellectually developed, as evidenced by the results of numerous tests, but it is extremely difficult for them to concentrate and organize their own work.

Impulsiveness is very characteristic of hyperactive children, the child constantly does something without thinking, answers the questions asked inappropriately, interrupts others. During games with peers, one does not follow the rules, which is why conflict situations arise with the participants.

A hyperactive child with impaired attention cannot complete the task, he is not focused, cannot concentrate on repeatedly repeated activities that do not bring momentary satisfaction, often switches from one activity to another.

Hyperactivity decreases significantly or disappears by adolescence, but impulsivity and attention deficits tend to persist into adulthood.

3. Ways to correct hyperactivity. Parental interactions with hyperactive children

The main manifestations of hyperactivity are active attention deficit, impulsivity and increased motor activity. The causes of this syndrome have not yet been fully established.

In the behavior of the child, this syndrome is manifested by increased excitability, restlessness, dispersion, disinhibition, lack of restraining principles, feelings of guilt and anxiety. Such children are sometimes said to be “without brakes”.

Since hyperactivity that is not detected in a timely manner can later become a cause of school failure, manifestations of inappropriate behavior, special attention should be paid to young children who show signs of this syndrome. But only a doctor has the right to make a diagnosis of hyperactivity.

Depending on the characteristics of the child, the doctor may recommend either a balanced diet, or vitamin therapy, or medication. But only medical assistance will not be able to adapt the child to environmental conditions, to instill in him social skills. Therefore, in working with a hyperactive child, an integrated approach is needed.

V. Oaklander recommends using two main techniques in working with hyperactive children: smoothing out tension and following the interests of the child.

Classes with clay, groats, sand, water, drawing with fingers help to relieve stress for a child. In addition, an adult can follow the interests of the child, observing what fascinates him at the moment, what attracts his interest. For example, if a child approaches a window, an adult does it with him and tries to determine what object the child’s eyes have stopped on, and tries to keep the child’s attention on this object, describing in detail the details of the object.

R. Campbell believes that the main mistakes adults make when raising a hyperactive child are: - lack of emotional attention, replaced by medical care; - lack of firmness and control in education; - inability to nurture anger management skills in children.

If an emotional contact is established between an adult and a child, a hyperactive child shows hyperactivity to a much lesser extent. “When such children are given attention, listen to them, and they begin to feel that they are taken seriously, they are able to somehow light up the symptoms of their hyperactivity to a minimum” - W. Ocklander.

Corrective work with such children can be carried out within the framework of play therapy. But since hyperactive children do not always perceive the boundaries of what is permitted, special attention should be paid to the restrictions and prohibitions introduced in the process of working with a child. They should be done in a calm, but at the same time confident tone, be sure to provide the child with alternative ways to meet his needs. For example: “You can’t pour water on the floor, but if you want to bathe the doll, let’s put it in a basin.”

Relaxation exercises and body contact exercises are invaluable help, because. they contribute to a better awareness of the baby of his body, and subsequently help him to exercise motor control. For example, parents lie down on the carpet with their child and move along it, preferably to calm music: they roll, crawl, “fight”. If the child is small, then the parent can put the child on his stomach and perform arbitrary movements and strokes. Children quickly calm down, feel safe, relax and trust themselves to an adult. You can, sitting on the carpet (the parent sits behind the child), do the following exercise: the parent takes the child’s arms and legs alternately and performs smooth movements with them. You can play ball in this way, holding the child's hands in your hands. Thus, empathy develops, the child enjoys interaction with the parent, trusts him, feels his support.

Sometimes hyperactivity is accompanied by outbursts of aggression caused by the constant dissatisfaction of others and a huge number of remarks and shouts. Parents need to develop an effective strategy for interacting with their child. When parents observe their child, actively engaging in joint play activities, they begin to better understand the needs of their child and accept him for who he is.

Parents must understand that the child is not to blame for anything and that endless remarks and jerking of the child will lead not to obedience, but to an exacerbation of behavioral manifestations of hyperactivity. Parents need to learn to restrain the endless stream of comments.

To do this, parents and other close people who live with the child during the day write down all the comments that were made to the child. In the evening, adults read the list and discuss which of the comments could not be made, noting those that led to an increase in the child's destructive behavior.

Many parents complain that their children are “powerful”, never get tired, no matter what they do. However, this is not so: excessive activity of the child after emotional overstrain, restlessness can be a manifestation of a general weakening of the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to build a daily routine in such a way as not to overload the child, and strictly observe this daily routine. To prevent overexcitation, such a child should go to bed at a certain time, watch TV as little as possible, especially before bedtime. Since a hyperactive child sleeps little and restlessly, it is advisable to take a walk with him in the evening before going to bed, or do something calm.

For the safety of the child, parents must establish certain prohibitions. There should be few prohibitions and they should be clearly and concisely stated. A ban for young children may consist of 2-3 words, such as “hot, iron”. For children of preschool and primary school age, the ban should contain no more than 10 words.

Hyperactive children, due to their impulsiveness, cannot wait long. Therefore, all encouragement promised to the child by adults must be provided to them immediately, otherwise the child will constantly remind adults of the promise, which can cause a negative response from the parents.

It is difficult for a hyperactive child to control his behavior, so you cannot demand from him to be attentive, sit still and not interrupt an adult at the same time. For example, while reading a fairy tale, a parent can give the child the opportunity to take their hands with a toy and insert cues.

Hyperactive children do not always adequately perceive parental love, therefore, more than others, they need confidence in unconditional parental love and acceptance.

  • It is necessary to try as far as possible to restrain one's violent affects caused by the behavior of the child. Emotionally support children in all attempts at constructive, positive behavior, no matter how small they may be. Cultivate an interest in knowing and understanding the child more deeply.
  • Avoid categorical words and expressions, harsh assessments, reproaches, threats that can create a tense situation and cause conflict in the family. Try to say “no”, “no”, “stop” less often - it’s better to try to switch the baby’s attention, and if possible, do it easily, with humor.
  • Watch your speech, try to speak in a calm voice. Anger and resentment are hard to control. Expressing dissatisfaction, do not manipulate the feelings of the child and do not humiliate him.
  • If possible, try to allocate a room or part of it for the child for classes, games, solitude (that is, his own "territory"). In design, it is desirable to avoid bright colors, complex compositions. There should be no distracting objects on the table and in the immediate environment of the child. A hyperactive child himself is not able to make sure that nothing outside distracts him.
  • The organization of all life should have a calming effect on the child. To do this, together with him, draw up a daily routine, following which, show flexibility and perseverance at the same time.
  • Determine the scope of duties for the child, and keep their performance under constant supervision and control, but not too hard. Often celebrate and praise his efforts, even if the results are far from perfect.

And here the most important activity for children is absolutely indispensable - the game, since it is close and understandable to the child. The use of the emotional influences contained in the intonations of the voice, facial expressions, gestures, the form of the adult's response to his actions and the actions of the child, will give both participants great pleasure.

Conclusion

Hyperactivity is commonly understood as excessively restless physical and mental activity in children, when excitation prevails over inhibition. Doctors believe that hyperactivity is the result of very minor brain damage that is not detected by diagnostic tests. In scientific terms, we are dealing with minimal brain dysfunction. What are the causes of hyperactivity

The causes of this syndrome have not yet been finally established. But many experts note the following among the reasons:

  • toxicosis of pregnancy;
  • pathology of childbirth;
  • infections and intoxications of the first years of a baby's life;
  • genetic factors;
  • chronic alcoholism of parents.

Signs of hyperactivity appear in a child already in early childhood. In the future, his emotional instability and aggressiveness often lead to conflicts in the family and school.

The most important thing is a sincere desire to help the child on the part of the parents .. You need to try to keep the atmosphere at home calm. It is very important to properly organize the daily routine. The child should have a safe way out of his hyperactivity for others. Sports are good, with the exception of the struggle that provokes aggressiveness - it is quite enough for hyperactive children. There should also be no competition. When a child competes with someone, trying to prove that he is the best, he gets excited and excited. But this is exactly what hyperactive children do not need, they nervous system excited already.

List of used literature

  1. Altherr P. Hyperactive children: correction of psychomotor development: tutorial For university students. M.: Academy, 2011.
  2. Artsishevskaya I.L. The work of a psychologist with hyperactive children in kindergarten: allowance. Moscow: Book lover, 2008.
  3. Deputy I.S. Intellectual development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: monograph. Arkhangelsk: CPI NArFU, 2011.
  4. Lyutova E.K. Cheat sheet for parents: hyperactive, aggressive, anxious and autistic children: psycho-corrective work with hyperactive, aggressive, anxious and autistic children. M.: Creative center "Sphere", 2010.
  5. Tokar O.V. Psychological and pedagogical support of hyperactive preschoolers: textbook.-method. allowance. M.: Flinta, 2009.