Logopedic exercises for the development of speech. The manual includes three sections

The science of the shortcomings of speech, which studies how to eliminate them, as well as special exercises for language – speech therapy. Not only children, but also adults turn to this science in order to pronounce sounds correctly and beautifully and be successful in any business where you need to convince, inspire, share information with other people. To correct speech defects, regular speech therapy exercises for children and adults are used.

Some parents experience speech problems with their children

In our article you will find useful tips and for yourself on acquiring the skills of correct articulation, as well as a lot of valuable techniques for correcting the pronunciation of sounds by your children.

In order to achieve high results in business and have the ability to persuade, it is necessary not only to speak fluently, but also to express your thoughts clearly and legibly. Not everyone immediately manages to master this science, so there are various practices to improve skills.

Speech therapy exercises for adults

Slurred speech is also observed in adults, so ask your friends if you have any flaws in pronunciation. You can simply record a few phrases on the recorder, and then carefully listen to your voice.

There are speech therapy exercises for adults, the main of which is the memorization and study of tongue twisters. If it is better for children to offer in game form, then it is enough for adults to give a task to practice the skill.

Problems with pronunciation in most cases are easily corrected after a course of regular classes.

So, everyone must observe the following rules during training:

read the tongue twister 3-4 times;
repeat it slowly, speaking clearly and distinctly;
when everything comes out to pronounce correctly, you can speed up the pace;
it is important to pronounce all sounds with high quality, and not quickly;
short tongue twisters need to be spoken in one breath.

For adults and for kids, the same tasks are suitable:

clack your tongue, depict how a horse gallops;
smile, and try to reach the palate with your tongue;
imagine that you are licking honey from your lips without touching the corners of your lips;
press the tongue between the teeth and move it up and down.

To make sure that the tasks performed are correct, use the mirror. To track progress, read an excerpt from a story with an expression or a poem, paying attention to all punctuation marks.

Speech therapy exercises for children

All speech therapy exercises for children should be performed unnoticed by the baby, so that all this is a serene pastime in a playful way.

You can come up with comic names for each task, because the child loves associations, sometimes the most unexpected. So, the guys will like things like "Horse", "Chickens".

Having identified the problematic sounds, you can choose certain exercises to correct the problem.

Completing tasks contributes to the development of the baby's articulation apparatus, allows you to remove pronunciation flaws, and form the necessary speech skills.

"Gate": you need to open your mouth wide to relax your lips, repeat 6 times.
"Scapula": put the tongue on the lower lip.
"Vase": put the tongue on the upper lip, repeat 5 times.
"Ball": inflate one or the other cheek, as if a ball is rolling in the mouth.

The pronunciation of the baby will be clear if you take words from large quantity consonants: plate, girlfriend, foreign tourist, karateka, bunch, bed, mug, jump. They need to be spoken daily and trained to hear every sound.

Speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds

Children often fail to pronounce the hissing words correctly for a long time, sometimes they need to train until school. It is good if the environment of the child speaks and can correct the pronunciation of the baby. Consider which speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds are most relevant. They are suitable for both adults and kids, if such problems exist.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter zh

It is important to know what to do when articulating. So, first we round the lips and round them, the teeth do not close, the edges of the tongue are pressed against the teeth, and it forms a bucket. We exhale air with the addition of a voice when pronouncing a hissing f.

Here are the main speech therapy exercises for the letter zh:

"Accordion" to strengthen the muscles of the tongue in a vertical position: open your mouth, smile, and press your tongue against the palate. Open and close your mouth 5 times.
"Pie": open your mouth and smile, twist your tongue, lifting the edges. Count to 15 and then repeat.

Lessons to correct a defect in the pronunciation of sound

They can also be used when practicing the pronunciation of other sibilants.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound h

There are also speech therapy exercises for the sound h:

"Fungus" for stretching the hyoid frenulum: the mouth is open, the lips are stretched, and the tongue touches the palate so that its edges are pressed tightly. Repeating, you need to open your mouth wider.
"Focus": stick out the tongue, smiling, lift the tip, blow off the cotton wool from the nose. Repeat 5-6 times.

Such exercises help strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility, which is useful when pronouncing hissing.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter sh

There are also speech therapy exercises for the letter sh:

"Cup": put the tongue on the lower lip, and then lift it up and hold for a few seconds. Repeat 8 times.
"Football": stretch your lips with a tube and blow on a cotton ball in the shape of a ball, trying to get into an impromptu goal.

Sound troubleshooting

These tasks should be performed during the games every day, so that the child's articulation apparatus develops and pronunciation improves.

Speech therapy exercises for consonants

Often, both adults and children have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, so speech therapy exercises for consonant sounds are needed to correct speech.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter l

Consider now speech therapy exercises for the letter l:

"Train whistle": Stick out your tongue and hoot loudly.
“Song of the tongue”: you need to bite your tongue and sing “lek-lek-lek”.
"Painter": you need to press your tongue with your teeth and move it up and down, as if painting a house.

Practicing movements for the correct pronunciation of the sound l

If the training is intended for children, then you can come up with a game in which you will need to complete these tasks.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter c

Let us now analyze speech therapy exercises for the letter c:

show how the pump inflates the wheel;
depict how the wind blows;
convey how the balloon blows off;
show what you hear when you blow into a bottle with a narrow neck.

In order to bring the child closer to understanding what they want from him, put a toothpick on his tongue and ask him to press it with his teeth, smile and blow out the air.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound r

Let's find out speech therapy exercises for the sound r, which is the most problematic for all children:

“Brushing your teeth”: you need to drive the tongue over the teeth inside in different directions.
"Musician": open your mouth, drum your tongue on the alveoli, pronouncing "d-d-d", resembling a drum roll. You can check the correctness of the execution by holding a piece of paper to your mouth. It should move from the air flow.
"Dove": you need to drive the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, copy the bird "bl-bl-bl".

Training for the language of the correct pronunciation of the sound r

These training tasks will help to overcome the most difficult sound for babies, as the articulatory apparatus will be more mobile. Following this, you can begin to select words with the letter r.

Speech therapy exercises for sound t

Sometimes simple sounds are difficult for people to pronounce correctly when it is difficult to understand the meaning of a word or even a statement. These problems must be dealt with. And here are the most effective speech therapy exercises for the sound t:

the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and say "t-t-t";
imitating a knock-knock hammer or a tick-tick clock;
we walk with the baby along the road, repeating “top-top-top”;
learning the tongue twister "Dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves."

How to do exercises for the correct pronunciation of the sound t

It will also be useful to repeat these exercises every day in order for the training to be effective. Keep track of what your baby is listening to, as speech is formed depending on how we perceive sounds by ear. Make sure that all family members do not "lisp" and do not use words in a diminutive form in front of the baby.

Speech therapy exercises for stuttering

All speech therapy exercises for stuttering are aimed at developing fluency of speech. Try to relax the baby before classes, use playful forms of work that are most appropriate for children.

Let's get acquainted with the most necessary tasks in such a situation:

Read the poem to calm music without words, at first small, and over time complicate the task.
Clap your hands for the vowel sounds that occur in the word.
"Conductor": chant a few words, syllables, vowel sounds, focusing on waving your hands and observing the rhythm.
"Carousel": you need to walk in a circle, repeating the phrase "We are fun carousels opa-opa-opa-pa-pa."

Remember that it is imperative to pay attention to speech breathing during classes. Start each session gradually and smoothly, and then you can pick up the pace if you are doing well.

Problems with speech and articulation are solved with time and through daily training, willpower and motivation.

We wish you success!

Yulia Belousova
Abstract of a speech therapy lesson for children 4–5 years old on the formation of the syllabic structure of the word “Who lives in the house?”

Often, the correction of sound pronunciation comes to the fore at preschool age and the importance of the formation of the syllabic structure of the word is underestimated, this is one of the causes of dysgraphia and dyslexia later in schoolchildren. In parallel with the work on improving the syllabic structure of a word, work is being done on the sound content of words, since all these are decisive factors in the phonetically correct formation of a word in a child. this work should be carried out taking into account the leading type of activity of children - games.

"WHO LIVES IN THE HOUSE?"

Tasks:

1. Form phonemic hearing;

2. Develop the mobility of the organs of articulation;

3. Continue to form the correct speech breathing;

4. Learn to pronounce three-syllable words with an open syllable;

5. Expand the active vocabulary of nouns.

Lesson progress:

Speech therapist: Guys, come in, sit down at the tables.

Look at the house. Who lives in it?

Let's knock and find out.

Game "Knock Like Me" ///, / // /. Children knock on the table, performing the rhythmic pattern proposed by the speech therapist.

Speech therapist: They don't open it for us. Just listen to the noise coming from the house! Let's try to guess what the owner of the house is making noise.

Game "Guess what's making the noise?" (an exercise to develop phonemic perception at the level of non-speech sounds: tambourine, drum, paper, bell, rattle).

Speech therapist: So this is the house of the tongue! (speech therapist shows children an articulatory model of the tongue). Let's play with the tongue, do exercises together.

Articulation gymnastics computer game"This tongue has come". Children perform exercises with individual mirrors.

Speech therapist: The tongue played with us, but what is it? The phone seems to be ringing! (speech therapist puts a toy phone in front of the children, and invites everyone to pick up the phone and repeat what “he hears”)

The game "What you hear, repeat" speaking speeches for a speech therapist.

Ta-ta is cotton wool

Ina-ina-ina- sweet raspberry

Ama-ama-ama- Tannin panama Sy-sy- here are the scales

Ata-ata-ata- daddy's shovel La-la- my saw

Aka-aka-aka- angry dog

Speech therapist: (listening to phone) Guys, they told me on the phone that "Zvukoedka" was coming to visit us. And she doesn't speak clearly.

A car rolls out, in it is a Sound Eating toy.

The speech therapist takes a toy, voices: “Dati, I’m coming to you, on a tire pieha. Get ready!”

Speech therapist: We do not understand what you are saying. This is not a "shinama" - but a "car". Guys, you and I need to show and tell the Sound Eater how the objects are called correctly.

Children go to the middle of the office, take flags.

Flashlight game. Children raise a red flag - if the word is called incorrectly, blue - if it is correct. The game is based on demonstration material.

Martin

Mo-to-lok

Chocolate

Speech therapist: Look! How many flowers have bloomed around us!

Breathing exercise "Flower blooms" Inhale through the nose, hands through the sides up. Long exhalation with singing the sound "A", hands slowly down.

Speech therapist: Why not treat us with tea, dear guest!

The children go to the tables.

Breathing exercise "Storm in a teacup" Blow through a cocktail tube into a glass of water. Quietly at first, then strongly (the kettle boiled).

Speech therapist: Guys, the sound-eater learned so much by playing with you. And he really wants to look at your favorite toys.

Children take a toy - Sound Eater and go to the group.

By the age of 4-5, the child should correctly pronounce all sounds - this is necessary for him further development, correct writing and reading. Some of our tips can help you:

1. You need to find out exactly which sounds are disturbed. To do this, invite the child to name the pictures or repeat after you the words that have the sound you are interested in at the beginning, middle, end of the word, for example [C]: sled, scales, bus; [Z]: hare, goat; [C]: chicken, cucumber, chicken; [W]: hat, mice, reeds; [W]: giraffe, skiing; [S]: brush, lizard, cloak; [H]: kettle, cloud, ball; [L]: shovel, saw, woodpecker; [R]: fish, cow, ball.

2. You need to work with each sound separately. Start with the “lightest” sound, then take on others in order of increasing complexity: k, g, x, s, s, c, w, g, u, h, d, l, p.

3. Work on each sound, start with gymnastics for the lips and tongue. They do it in front of a mirror so that the child can not only feel the work of his organs of articulation, but also see it - this will have a positive effect on the development of his phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation. Perform each exercise 10 times, but make sure that the child does not overwork, does it with desire. You can only achieve results if positive emotions child.

Exercises can be found in any book on speech therapy. Here is some of them.

“Proboscis - smile”: the lips either stretch out with a proboscis, like an elephant, then they smile like a frog.
“Shovel-needle”: the tongue is sometimes wide, sometimes long and narrow.

"Swing": the tip of the tongue either rises behind the upper teeth, then falls behind the lower ones. The mouth is wide open.
"Watch": the tip of the tongue, like a clock pendulum, moves from the right corner of the lips to the left and back at different speeds.
"Malyar": "paint the sky" with the "tip" of the tongue (drive only along the front of the sky).

4. First you need to achieve the pronunciation of one sound, not whole words. The best way to get the sound is by explaining to the child where and how to put the tongue and what to “make” the lips. K, d, x: raise the tongue in a “lump” to the back of the sky, the tip of the tongue is lowered, the lips are parted; c, h: tongue with a "groove" at the bottom of the mouth, lips smile, air goes in the middle of the tongue along the groove; c: the sound consists of the rapid pronunciation of two sounds - [t] and [s], at the first moment the tip of the tongue rests on the “bumps” behind the upper teeth, as with the sound [t], then bounces to the position [s]; w, g: stick out the tongue, make a cup (“so that water does not spill out”), remove the cup by the upper teeth, lips are rounded, stretched forward with a “mouthpiece”; l: the tongue rests on the bases of the upper teeth or on the teeth, stands firmly, like a “soldier on duty”, does not let in the air that goes along the sides of the tongue; p: the tongue is raised to the alveoli, trembles finely under the pressure of a strong jet of air, the lips make a "grin like a dog's", hard, tense.

5. To achieve a strong directed exhalation, come up with all sorts of games: bubble, blowing bubbles through a cocktail tube into the water, just blow hard on the water in a deep bowl, turntables, whistles, drive a “boat”, a sliver through the water, drive the ball into the goal, a cotton ball between two pencils. In all games, one condition: the cheeks must be thin (do not swell).

R is the most difficult sound. Often it is pronounced in French: the tip of the tongue is below, and its root or uvula, a small tongue, trembles. It's hard to fix, but it's possible. Try the exercises: 1) hit the alveoli with the tip of the tongue, pronouncing "d-d-d ..." (as on a drum); the lips are tense, the mouth is open. Then exhale strongly on the tip of the tongue "d-d-d-dr-r"; 2) put small pieces of paper on the tip of the tongue, quickly bring them over the upper teeth and blow them off with a strong exhalation; 3) pronounce "w-w-w" and move the tip of the tongue at the same time.

That is, when performing all these exercises, you need to ensure that the tip of the tongue is raised to the bases of the upper teeth and “trembles”. Now your child has a new sound!

6. In the next lesson (and you need to practice 15–20 minutes daily), fix sounds in syllables, for example SHO, SHU, SHA, SB, SHI, OSH, USh, ASh, ESH, ISH or TRA-TRO, DRO-DRY, ATP -ADR, OTR-ODR. When it becomes easy, start repeating words, naming pictures with these sounds.

7. Now make sure that the child pronounces the mastered sound in his free speech. This stage of automation can take a long time, even a year. Be patient.

8. Fixing one sound in everyday speech, at the same time start working on the next one.

9. It happens that a child perfectly pronounces similar sounds, for example, “z” and “g”, or “s” and “sh”, or “h” and “u”, and in his speech he interchanges them. This is dangerous for future writing. The same errors may occur when writing. Moreover, the child will confuse not only these letters, but also other paired consonants (b - p, d - t, d - d, t - t), since with such a violation, not only sounds mixed in speech are affected, but also sound letter system as a whole. In order to avoid future mistakes, you need to consider with the child what is the difference in the position of the organs of articulation when pronouncing these sounds, listen to their sound with closed eyes, compare, think with the child what you hear in the sound - the squeak of a mosquito or the buzz of a bug.

Then - such a game: you call the child syllables with mixed sounds, and he determines what sound is in this syllable. Then do the same with words. And then pick up and teach how to correctly pronounce tongue twisters like “Drying on the table, cones on the pine tree” or:

Chiki-chiki-chikalochki,
The bear rides on a stick!
Squirrel on a trolley
Cracks nuts.

Or a poem by A. Barto "We did not notice the beetle."

What else, besides the correct sound pronunciation, should be in the speech of a six-year-old child? He not only generalizes in one word "vegetables" - cabbage, potatoes, beets - but also independently enumerates what applies, say, to fruits. When listing "airplanes, cars, trains, tractors," he singles out the plane and explains: "It flies, it has wings"; a six-year-old is already able to explain the differences between, say, the same plane and a bird: “She is alive, and he is iron, he has a motor” (the selection of the most essential must be tirelessly taught). In a book, picture, film, the child highlights the main thing, is able to retell the content, understands who the hero of the work is, who acts correctly and why, condemns negative characters.

A child at this age composes fairy tales, stories, understands fiction, fantasy and distinguishes them not only from reality, but also from lies, which he condemns. He is able to speak to adults with a poem, reading it expressively, conveying the mood. He learns the alphabet, composes syllables and remembers the spelling of several words, highlighting them in the text; he writes in block letters some words of three or four letters and his name - of course, while allowing monstrous mistakes; understands the plot connection of three pictures, composes a story, a fairy tale based on them.

If your preschooler has not yet achieved something, help him patiently and joyfully. And your hard work will be rewarded a hundredfold. The receptive age of your child will also help with this.

Good day everyone! Today I want to talk about a very serious topic, how speech therapy classes with children 5 7 years old. After all, many attribute incorrect pronunciation to age. It will grow, we think. But it might turn out differently. Do you know about the troubles that sloppy speech entails in an adult?

First of all, this is a huge lack of confidence in yourself and your abilities. Just imagine! Such a complex will create problems anywhere! From finding a good job to success in your personal life. Let's correct, before it's too late, the wrong pronunciation of the children! Let's study the series interesting games, classes for the most common situations. Let's get started!

I propose to begin by considering the types of speech disorders. There are many of them, but each child has his own.

Stuttering. This is a fairly common occurrence. You can notice by the age of 3, at this time the first sentences begin to line up. It is important to immediately contact a good speech therapist. After all, no specialist guarantees that in a couple of years the problem will not return again ...
Dyslalia. The word is very clever! But behind this lies also a common problem for preschool children - the incorrect pronunciation of consonants. Especially often, this applies to "R", "L" and "Sh".
Nasal. Here, of course, the main role is played by the natural factor - the wrong structure of the speech apparatus. And it will be very good to visit an otolaryngologist to solve such a problem.
General underdevelopment of speech (OHP). Here, dear readers, close relatives of the baby are often the culprits. All sorts of lisping, insufficient communication leads to the fact that the child constantly confuses everything. I'm talking about word endings, confusion of prepositions, etc. This can have a bad effect later. After all, it's school soon!
Congenital pathologies of a neurological nature. Comprehensive treatment by a neurologist is already required.
Delayed speech development(ZRR). Usually this manifests itself by the age of 3. After all, at this time, the children are babbling non-stop! Therefore, in the case of a short vocabulary, contact a specialist without delay!

Give worthy attention to the little one. Control your child's speech. And in case of gaps, seek help from a doctor!

When should I take my child to a speech therapist?

I don’t even know why, but today the number of children with sound pronunciation problems has increased dramatically. Tell me, how much time a day do you devote to reading, and how much to watching TV together? One of the reasons I see is the global interest of children (almost from the cradle) in technical means. The kids don't talk much. There is no desire for this. What for? After all, there are so many interesting things around, and concentrated in one place: on TV.

As a result, we ourselves can miss that golden moment in order to send the child to a specialist. There is an unspoken rule among speech therapists: the sooner the better. That's right, it should be solved right away. Forgive me for the comparison, but if you get a dress dirty and leave it for a long time without washing, what will happen? Of course, there is a risk that the stain will eat in and not be washed off. So here.

The peak of visits falls on children 4 - 5 years old. Right now they have to pronounce complex consonants, build sentences with logic. More precisely, even texts involving elementary words. There must be consistency in his stories. Take the test by asking the child to retell the simplest picture. Did not work out? Then see a specialist!

When an accurate diagnosis is made, you will start attending classes that will definitely give results. But don’t be lazy at home either, do it in a playful way, at least for 20 minutes. Just don’t force it, kids don’t like it! And I will tell you what exercises you can do at home, depending on the problem.

For the pronunciation of sounds

Those who have already encountered this side of the coin know that the sounds R, L and Sh are the most insidious. If the child simply does not pronounce them (losing in a word), this is not the time yet. And when he begins to pronounce other, simpler letters instead of them, a reason to think.

Here are some exercises to keep in mind. They are of an articulatory nature, for the correct formation of the tongue, palate, lips. In general, the entire articulatory apparatus.

Learning to speak R clearly! I really enjoy these activities:

Open your mouth wide and smile. The lower jaw is motionless, and the tip of the tongue is raised up, as if stroking the palate back and forth. Recommendation: do it yourself first so you understand the principle. So, it will be easier to convey the essence to the child!
We brush our teeth with the tip of the tongue from the inside. The mouth is wide open. See how easy it is! A five-year-old child will do without difficulty.
And yet, an interesting option. Put a small ball on a wooden stick, the child opens his mouth and says DDRRR. You, at this time, drive this instrument under the tongue. Movements must be made quickly.
Ask to say "YES", while the tongue rests on the teeth. "DY" - in the upper palate.

Watching this video will help you pronounce the sound "R".

Learning to pronounce L:

Open your mouth wide, put your tongue on your lower lip, holding your chin, pronounce La, Lo, Li, Lu.
To drive the tongue across the palate, as if we are painting it.
And let him try to touch the tip of the nose with his tongue.
We lick the imaginary jam from the lips.

Now the problematic letter Sh:

Insert the tip of the tongue under the upper lip, and tear it off sharply, with a click.
The lips should be rounded by stretching them forward. Keep it up for 6 seconds.
Take a piece of cotton wool, put it on the baby's nose. And let him try to blow it off so that it flies up. This is a fun exercise that will definitely be appreciated by the child.

And here is a selection for every day, for the pronunciation of clear speech.

Learning to speak clearly

At 5 - 7 years old, a child is already able to repeat many exercises after a parent or teacher. But some of them are more complex. I tried to put together the simplest and most effective. By the way, they are perfect for kids with ONR.

Articulation gymnastics

Smile so that your teeth are visible. And then we pull the sponges into a tube.
Tighten your lips as much as possible. Gently relax.
Bite your upper and lower lip alternately with your teeth.
The clatter of hooves. This is for everyone famous action. The kids will surely love it!

15 minutes is enough time. By the way, such corrective manipulations are perfect not only for children, but also for any people with impaired sound pronunciation.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Here are a few more examples of correcting the development of speech formation:

Everyone knows how babies cry? So let's play this sound: Wa, Wa.
Let's drink like mice: Pi, Pi.
And how do we make noise when we get lost in the forest? Ay, ay!
A strong wind howled: Oooo.
And now a combination of vowels and consonants. Imitation of animal calls: Meow, Mu, Kwa, Ko-Ko, Ga-Ga.
Bear growls: RRR.
We sing a voice: La-la, la-la-la.

Singing, by the way, is very useful. Choose a song that your child likes. Perhaps timed to coincide with the next holiday. And they also like “Two funny geese lived with a grandmother”, “There was a birch in the field”. At first glance, they are simple, but the words flow smoothly there, which is very important for corrective work. By the way, teachers use this kindergarten. There are definitely music lessons. But developmental activities with a speech therapist are also present there.

Classes in kindergarten

Tell me, does your child go to kindergarten? If so, how are speech therapy classes conducted there? In the garden where our Dominik goes, there are 2 types:

Individual. When a child has a certain problem.
Group (front). A group of children with similar defects gathers.

Ideally, this should be the case for everyone. preschool institutions. But 5-7 years is already preparatory group. After all, it's school soon! What are the good things to do here? One of these are chants. And these are not simple songs, as you might think. This is singing and performing certain actions synchronously.

Here is the simplest option: "the plane is flying." Children sing to the tune of UUUUU, arms should be spread like wings. The teacher directs their actions:

We buzz with different volumes (the plane flies farther, then flies closer).
Broken. When making the sound UUUU, the kids hit themselves with their palms in the chest.
Landing. Performing UUUU, spreading their wings, the children each run to their high chair.

Very interesting manipulations with the microphone. The kids hear their own voice, while they either remove the microphone away, or bring it closer to themselves.

There are many troubles, of course. But now, most of them are solvable. Even those called ZPR or ZPRR.

The diagnosis of ZPR is not a sentence

There are parents who think and invent defects for their child. It is not for nothing that people say: “It is better to overdo it than not do it for nothing.” But there are those who point blank do not see anything wrong. But by the age of 5, a child should already be able to express his thoughts in understandable phrases. Do not confuse syllables in words.

There are several diagnoses that lead parents to a stupor.

ZRR. When only the word pronunciation is underdeveloped, but mentally the child is fine. It is good if it is revealed before 4 - 5 years, since then another stage begins: zprr.
ZPRR delayed psychoverbal development. When involved in the process and the psyche of the child, his mental abilities.
ZPR, it's already simple mental development. speech apparatus suffers too, but the basis here is the psyche of the baby.

I will not talk about the reasons that induce such states. But, if this happened, then the rule of speech therapists (and all other doctors!) Is respected here. And it says: "The sooner the better." I hope you understand that, as in any disease, there are more complex forms.

Be sure to find a good specialist who will find mutual language with a baby. Most likely, here it is necessary to connect a neurologist. But first of all, keep a good emotional background at home. Believe me, a lot depends on this. Well, now I’ll write recommendations on exercises with ZPR.

Literature

For any defects in sound pronunciation, you must have the right books at home. They are written by competent authors. And in combination with visits to speech therapy lessons, they will definitely help you cope!

"Speech therapy homework for children aged 5-7 with ONR" Teremkova N.E. This is album No. 1, there are 4 of them in total. And each is dedicated to certain lexical topics.
"Speech therapy group: game classes with children 5-7 years old" Derbina A.I. Most The best way to interest the child to engage in - to play with him. This manual is built in a playful way. And it is intended for children with complex defects.
“Lessons of a speech therapist. Games for the development of speech» Kosinova E.M. As you can see, here, too, everything is built on the elements of the game. What I liked was the allowance from 6 months to 6 years old! And collected here are finger games, and material on articulatory gymnastics.
“Encrypted tongue twisters. Candy" Kodolbenko E.A. Remember from childhood: "Sasha walked along the highway and sucked dry"? Here is a very similar manual, with funny tongue twisters that will appeal to the little reader.
"Merry logorhythm" Zheleznova E. This is an audio guide. What has not been invented to interest the child! But most importantly, it really does work! Funny poems for the development of speech and attention, exercises for large motor skills and rhythm.

I hope these manuals will become your real assistants in homework with little fidgets. Tell us, what measures to eliminate speech defects do you know? How are you doing? What are you reading for this? Share your experience by leaving comments. And subscribe to blog updates! See you soon. Bye!

Violations of the pronunciation of sounds are found in many children. The most common problems are the distortion of the sound of a letter (burr, lisp, etc.), its replacement with another, the omission of sounds that are difficult to pronounce. Speech therapy classes - whether on your own or under the guidance of a professional - will help eliminate the existing problem.

If the lessons of a speech therapist are not available to you for any reason, then you can deal with the child on your own, but adhering to certain recommendations.

In children preschool age games for the development of speech are recognized as the most effective method elimination of various speech defects.

The game, aimed at improving speech abilities, not only attracts the child with its fascination, but is also the most useful of all methods for developing this most important skill. Speech therapy classes for children, conducted in a game format, contribute to the development of speech, the consolidation of new words, the formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds. In addition, the future basis for cognitive activity and the development of mental abilities is being laid.

Here are examples of the main types of activities aimed at developing the richness of speech in children:

Addition of the sentence: in summer the leaves on the maple are green, and with the onset of autumn ...; we collect mushrooms in ..., and tomatoes - in ..., etc.
Completion of the sentence: I want ....; I can…; I will draw...etc.
Item description: pen - new, beautiful, colored ...; chamomile - white, beautiful, summer ...; a river - deep, wide, transparent ... etc.
Names of domestic and forest animals with cubs: rooster, hen, chickens; hare, hare, hares, etc.
Big - small (the child needs to choose a diminutive for the proposed word): vase - vase, mouse - mouse, leaf - leaflet, etc.
Catch the ball (the speech therapist throws the ball and calls the noun, the child's task is to transform it into an adjective): autumn - autumn, birch - birch, etc.
Expression of disagreement / agreement (the task of the lesson is to form the child's ability to approve or challenge the proposed thought with the ability to justify his opinion): It will soon begin to rain - No, because there are no clouds in the sky.
Word formation (in the proposed word, you need to replace a specific sound): squirrel - roll, itself - catfish, give - blow.

Try to do the exercises using the pictures, the kids love them very much.

Speech therapy classes at home

Speech therapy sessions with a child may include:

gymnastics for the development of articulation;
games for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics;
recitation of poems and tongue twisters.

It is necessary to deal with the child daily, carefully considering the course of the lesson, captivating him. If he is not interested, then the baby will not acquire the necessary skills.

When starting speech therapy classes at home, you need to remember the following rules:

The duration of the lesson should be increased gradually. The first can last no more than 3 - 5 minutes.
The lesson should be interesting and make the child want to learn. Forcing the baby to do something against his will is not worth it, otherwise he may refuse to do the exercises at all.
You can arrange short classes, but several times a day.
If something doesn’t work out for a child, you can’t yell at him. You need to try to find the cause of the "naughty tongue" and fix it.

finger games

Speech therapy classes for children should include finger games, as they contribute to the development fine motor skills. Scientists have long proven a direct connection between the hands and the part of the brain responsible for the development of speech skills.

Learning texts in combination with finger gymnastics helps develop skills such as:

the ability to think spatially, to express their emotions;
imagination;
Attention.

In a child, in addition to improving speech, there is an acceleration in the speed of reactions. Classes conducted in a playful way help to better memorize the text and make speech more expressive.

To get the desired result, you need to deal with the child every day, spending about 5 minutes of time on it.

Exercises for the development of finger motor skills:

Flower. The palms are folded together, fingers pointing up. From the palms we fold the flower bud, pressing them to each other. The child says aloud the quatrain:
The sun is rising
The flower opens, (fingers need to be spread apart, but the palms remain pressed)
The sun is setting
The flower goes to bed (fingers must be returned to their original position).
Kitty. The palms lie on the table, gathered into a fist. The child pronounces the words “Fist - palm. I walk like a cat” and spreads his fingers without lifting his palms from the surface of the table, and then squeezes again. Repeat the exercises three to five times.
A bird is flying. Arms crossed in front of you, palms facing. You need to hook your thumbs together. This will be the “head”, and the palms will act as wings. You need to wave them without separating your fingers.
The bird has flown (waving wings),
Sela - turned gray (the child separates his palms and presses them to his chest),
She flew further.

Finger games can be used as moments of relaxation during the speech therapy session itself, helping to distract the child and allow him to switch attention.

Articulation gymnastics

Before starting to perform speech therapy exercises, it is necessary to conduct an articulation warm-up. Specialized gymnastics helps to strengthen the muscles of the articulatory apparatus and prepare it for speech therapy classes.

Articulation gymnastics is a set of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the lips and tongue. They are responsible for the pronunciation of sounds. If the muscles of the tongue are underdeveloped, then speech will sound slurred.

It is necessary to do gymnastics in front of a mirror. Then the child will be able to control the correctness of the movements. It is very important for him to observe the movements of the lips and tongue. So the baby will quickly understand what position they should occupy in order to pronounce sounds correctly.

Articulation exercises should be performed twice a day. The duration of the lesson is 5 ... 7 minutes. As a result, the child will be able to learn to speak not only correctly, but also as clearly and understandably as possible.

Articulation complex:

The lips are stretched in a smile, but the teeth should not be visible. Fix the position for 30 seconds.
Smile widely with open teeth. Lock in for half a minute.
Open your mouth a little, put a relaxed tongue on the surface of the lower lip. Spank them, pronouncing the syllable "ПЯ". In this case, the upper lip touches the tongue.
The mouth is open. The tongue should be pulled forward and try to roll it in the form of a tube. Fix the position for half a minute.
At a slow pace, lick your lips with your tongue from corner to corner, without lifting your tongue from the surface of the lips. He must commit full circle. First clockwise, then counterclockwise.
On the face is a wide smile with a parted mouth. The tip of the tongue should touch either one corner or the other.
Smiling face with open mouth. Press the tip of the tongue against the surface of the teeth and with a little effort draw along the back wall of the lower dentition. Repeat 10 times. Repeat the exercise, but it is necessary to pass the tongue along inner surface upper teeth.
There is a wide smile on his face. At the expense of "one" we touch the lower teeth, at the expense of "two" - to the upper ones. Repeat exercises 5 times.
The mouth is open. Let the child quickly stick out and hide the tip of the tongue. But it should not touch the teeth and tongue.
There is a wide smile on his face. The tongue is relaxed and lies on the lower lip. Exhaling air, the child must blow on a ball of cotton lying on the table so that he can move.

Games for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics

Supplement articulation gymnastics need other exercises. These should be exercises for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia and logorhythm.

Speech hearing helps the child to understand, distinguish and reproduce sounds. If it is not well developed, then the baby’s speech is fuzzy and contains errors.

Examples of exercises for the development of speech hearing:

The child needs to demonstrate objects that can make sounds. It can be spoons, a drum, rattles and others. Then you need to let the baby listen to the sound of each. Then he turns his back and guesses which of the objects sounded. The purpose of the exercise is to improve speech hearing and to consolidate the skill in distinguishing sounds.
An adult picks up a bell. The child is standing against the wall with his eyes closed. The adult moves around the room and periodically rings the bell. The task of the baby is to point to the sounding bell with his hand, without opening his eyes.

The development of onomatopoeia is another part of speech therapy classes. For the exercise, a plot picture is used in accordance with age group child. It can be, for example, an image of a girl rocking a doll. Let the child begin to reproduce motion sickness and cradle the imaginary doll. It is important to control its articulation.

Good results are given by games based on the imitation of the voices of the animal world. Such speech therapy exercises will be more interesting if images of animals / birds, their figures and figures of cubs are used during the lesson.

An example is the game of mosquito. The picture should show a mosquito. "Let's meet the mosquito. His name is Arseny. He flies a lot and often sings his favorite song - "Z-Z-Z". Let's sing along with Arseniy too! "Z-Z-Z".

Then invite your child to catch a mosquito and listen to him sing his song. We grab empty air with our fist, listen and sing a mosquito song - “Z-Z-Z”.

Logorhythmics is a speech therapy exercise that combines movement, music and speech. All children really like such classes, because they always take place in a fun environment.

An adult reads a poem aloud and reproduces the movements described in the work. It is very important to choose the appropriate musical accompaniment in advance. Then the children repeat what they saw.

For the lesson, you can use, for example, the following poem:

On a narrow path (the child walks in one place)
Our legs walked (begins to take steps in place, raising his knees high)
On the pebbles, on the pebbles (trampling on the spot)
And boom in the hole (the kid jumps up and sits on the floor).

Recitation of poems and tongue twisters

Speech therapy sessions with a child should include reading aloud various children's poems. It is not worth teaching complex poems with a child; it is better to start with simple quatrains.

Excellent results can be achieved if speech therapy classes for children include tongue twisters. They are short rhyming sentences. They help to make speech clear, well-delivered, and also expand the child's vocabulary and improve diction.

Six mice rustle in the reeds.
Sasha hit the bumps with his hat, got a bruise on his forehead.

You can also come up with your own tongue twister, read about how to do it correctly in the “Speech Development” section on our website.

Independent speech therapy sessions with children will help solve problems with simple defects. In the presence of serious violations, a professional should deal with speech correction.